氟甲砜霉素(Florfenicol)在猪体内的药物动力学

健康猪 6头 ,体重 ( 2 4 .7± 1 .0 ) kg,单剂量静注、肌注、内服氟甲砜霉素 ( Florfenicol) 2 0 mg/ kg,用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度 ,实验所得的血药浓度 -时间数据采用非房室模型统计矩原理分析处理。静注给药的主要药物动力学参数为 :AUC 90 .1 3mg/ ( L· h) ,MRT 6.84 h,Cl B0 .2 3L/ ( kg· h) ,Vd(SS) 1 .53L/ kg,t1 / 2β 6.72 h。肌注给药的主要药物动力学参数为 :AUC 84 .31 mg/ ( L· h) ,MRT 2 6.88h,t1 / 2β 1 7.1 8h,F96.86% ,校正 F* 4 2 .50 %。内服给药的主要药物动力学参数为 :AUC1 32 .0 8mg/ ( L· h) ,MRT1 4 .2 3h,t1 / 2β 9.98h,F 1 4 8.53% ,校正 F* 1 0 8.51 %。试验结果表明 ,氟甲砜霉素在猪体内的主要药动学特征为 :静注给药表观分布容积大 ,消除半衰期长 ,血药浓度高 ;肌注给药吸收不规则 ,吸收和消除缓慢 ;内服给药吸收迅速完全 。

氟甲砜霉素(florfenicol)对禽败血支原体病的药效学

以试管两倍稀释法测得体外氟甲砜霉素 (florfenicol)及对照药物恩诺沙星对禽败血支原体 (MG)的最小抑菌质量浓度分别为 1.2 5、0 .0 195 mg/ L。体内药效试验表明 ,氟甲砜霉素以 30 0、40 0、5 0 0 mg/ kg饲料混饲给药 ,连用 5 d,对实验性感染 MG的鸡具有显著的保护作用 ,与感染对照组的死亡率 (2 5 %)差异显著 (P<0 .0 1)。氟甲砜霉素及对照药物的增重效果显著高于感染对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,中、高剂量组还能显著减少气囊损伤率 (P<0 .0 1) ,但氟甲砜霉素各用药组都不能减少抗体反应的阳性率。

Effects of florfenicol exposure on growth,development and antioxidant capacity of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae at different developmental stages

Antibiotics are widespread in various environmental media,and may pose a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and non-target aquatic organisms.Florfenicol(FLO)is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture,and extensively used to substitute chloramphenicol with its strong sterilization and low adverse ef fect.In this study,flounder Paralichthys olivaceus,an important economic fish species in seawater was used as an experimental subject.Five exposure concentrations of FLO(including environmentrelated concentrations)were set at 0,0.01,0.1,1,and 10 mg/L.Ef fects of FLO exposure for 168 h on growth and development,motor behavior,antioxidant enzyme activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and thyroid hormone level of P.olivaceus larvae were studied in pre-larvae(1 dpf)and post-larvae(20 dpf).The results show that the short-term FLO exposure could promote the larvae growth to some degrees,but inhibit them as the exposure time prolonged.For pre-larvae,FLO at 0.01 mg/L could stimulate the motor nerve system and increase the swimming ability,but inhibited it at 1 mg/L.With the increasing dosage of FLO,the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and MDA contents were elevated,reaching the maximum in the 1 mg/L FLO group.The pre-larvae were more sensitive than the post-larvae to FLO in the environment,and the growth and immune resistance could be damaged with long exposure.Post-larvae were more tolerant to external pollutants,FLO at 1 mg/L could promote the motor behavior and reduce SOD and MDA contents.Therefore,FLO can be used as an antibiotic at a proper concentration but as a drug to prevent disease in a long-term way.

Studies on Pharmacodynamics in vitro of Florfenicol Dual Suspension Emulsion

[Objective] The paper was to study in vitro pharmacodynamics characteristics of florfenicol dual suspension emulsion (DSEF). [Method] The florfenicol injection (FI) was used as the control group, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) and mutant selection window (MSW) of florfenicol dual suspension emulsion on 5 kinds of bacteria were determined. The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect (PASME) of Salmonella typhimurium were also measured. [Result] Compared with the ordinary injection, the MIC and MBC of florfenicol dual suspension emulsion on 5 kinds of bacteria showed no obvious changes. However, florfenicol dual suspension emulsion obviously narrowed MSW of 5 kinds of bacteria (P<0.01), which also significantly extended PAE and PASME of S. typhimurium (P<0.01). [Conclusion] The florfenicol dual suspension emulsion in vitro can reduce the probability of bacterial resistance, significantly prolong after effect time of antibiotics on bacteria, thereby effectively improving the antibacterial effect.

The dose regimen formulation of doxycycline hydrochloride and florfenicol injection based on ex vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling against the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs

Doxycycline hydrochloride and florfenicol combination(DoxHcl&FF)is an effective treatment for respiratory diseases.In the study,our objective Was to evaluate the activity of DoxHcl&FF against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(APP)in porcine pulmonary epithelial lining fluid(PELF)and the optimal dosage scheme to avoid the development of resistance.The DoxHcl&FF Was administered intramuscularly(IM)at 20mg/kg,and the PELF was collected at differ-ent time points.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and time-mortality curves were also included in the study.Based on the sigmoid Emax equation and dose equations,the study integrated the in vivo pharmacokinetic data of infected pigs and ex vivo pharmacodynamic data to obtain the area under concentration time curve(AUCo-24h)MIC values in PELF and achieve bacteriostatic activity,bactericidal activity and the virtual eradication of bacteria.The study showed that the combination of DoxHcl and FF caused no significant changes in PK parameters.The peak concentration(Cmax)of FF in healthy and diseased pigs was 8.87±0.08 and 8.67±0.07μg/mL,the_AUCo-24h were.172.75±2.52 and 18022±3.13 h-μg/mL,the Cmax of DoxHcl was 7.91±0.09 and 7.99±0.05μg/mL,and the AUCo-24h was 129.96±3.70 h-μg/mL and 169.82±4.38 h-μg/mL.DoxHcl&FF showed strong concentra-tion-dependent tendencies.The bacteriostatic,bactericidal,and elimination activity were calculated as 5.61,18.83 and 32.68 h,and the doses were 1.37(bacteriostatic),4.59(bactericidal)and 7.99(elimination)mg/kg.These findings indicated that the calculated recommended dose could assist in achieving more precise administration,increasing the effectiveness of DoxHcl&FF treatment for APP infections.

E-beam degradation of thiamphenicol and florfenicol

Thiamphenicol(THA) and florfenicol(FLO) aqueous solutions were irradiated to different doses by 1 MeV electron beams,and redox reactions of THA/FLO and radicals of OH,e_(eq)^- and ~·H were investigated under various conditions.The results showed that at 8 kGy,the decomposition rate of THA and FLO was 97.2%and 98.5%, respectively.Quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated that OH played a key role in E-beam degradation of the THA and FLO in aqueous solutions,and e_(eq)^- and ~·H radicals could initiate the degradation,too.Seven primary products of the THA and FLO degradation were identified.These indicate that E-beam radiation is an effective method to reduce THA and FLO in aqueous solutions.

3D-printed MoS_(2)/Ni electrodes with excellent electro-catalytic performance and long-term stability for dechlorination of florfenicol

Here,we report the production of 3D-printed MoS_(2)/Ni electrodes(3D-MoS_(2)/Ni)with longterm stability and excellent performance by the selective laser melting(SLM)technique.As a cathode,the obtained 3D-MoS_(2)/Ni could maintain a degradation rate above 94.0%for forfenicol(FLO)when repeatedly used 50 times in water.We also found that the removal rate of FLO by 3D-MoS_(2)/Ni was about 12 times higher than that of 3D-printed pure Ni(3D-Ni),attributed to the improved accessibility of H^(*).In addition,the electrochemical characterization results showed that the electrochemically active surface area of the 3D-MoS_(2)/Ni electrode is about 3-fold higher than that of the 3D-Ni electrode while the electrical resistance is 4 times lower.Based on tert-butanol suppression,electron paramagnetic resonance and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer experiments,a“dual path”mechanism and possible degradation pathway for the dechlorination of FLO by 3D-MoS_(2)/Ni were proposed.Furthermore,we also investigated the impacts of the cathode potential and the initial pH of the solution on the degradation of FLO.Overall,this study reveals that the SLM 3D printing technique is a promising approach for the rapid fabrication of high-stability metal electrodes,which could have broad application in the control of water contaminants in the environmental field.

Enhanced degradation of florfenicol by microscale SiC/Fe:Dechlorination via hydrogenolysis

Herein,the degradation of florfenicol(FLO)over zero-valent iron(ZVI)enhanced by SiC was systematically investigated.It was found that 5 g/L of ZVI/SiC(1:3)at pH 3.0 could completely degrade 20 mg/L of FLO within 1 h,with a Kobsvalue of 0.0873 min^(-1),12.5 times greater than that of pure ZVI(0.0069 min^(-1)).Vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)characterizations revealed that the use of SiC supporter reduces the magnetic intensity of ZVI,which mitigates iron particle agglomeration,increases Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area,and enhances FLO degradation efficiency.Furthermore,ZVI/SiC exhibits a much lower hydrogen evolution potential(HEP)and significantly higher corrosion currents compared to pure ZVI.FLO was proposed to undergo degradation via reductive dechlorination,involving a hydrogenolysis mechanism that entails the cleavage of theσbond.This study provides new insights into the reduction hydrogenation mechanism of ZVI.

CoFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles anchored on waste eggshell for catalytic oxidation of florfenicol via activating peroxymonosulfate

Eggshell-loaded CoFe_(2)O_(4) catalyst was synthesized via a convenient hydrothermal method during our work,then the surface morphology and elemental composition of the composites were systematically investigated.Performance of CoFe_(2)O_(4)/eggshell-activated peroxymonosulfate(PMS)system was evaluated by selecting florfenicol(FF)as the model pollutant,and effects of operating parameters and water matrices on the FF removal efficiency in this system were investigated.In addition,main radicals involved in FF degradation were identified by EPR tests and radical quenching experiments,and possible mechanism was proposed.The reduction of toxicity during FF degradation was confirmed,and in combination with HP-LC tests,it was found that dehalogenation and defluorination were effectively carried out during FF degradation.In addition,the prepared CoFe_(2)O_(4)polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane effectively improved the stability of the material and reduced the precipitation of metals.

蛋鸡产蛋前用药后氟苯尼考在鸡蛋中的残留代谢规律研究

【目的】旨在研究蛋鸡产蛋前用药后氟苯尼考在鸡蛋中的残留代谢规律,探明其在蛋鸡产蛋前的休药时间,为指导鸡蛋的安全生产提供科学依据。【方法】以378只健康的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡为试验对象,对蛋鸡产蛋前进行氟苯尼考混饲给药,采集鸡蛋样品,采用液相色谱-串联质谱对鸡蛋样品中的氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留量进行定量分析,利用代谢残留模型和休药期软件(WT 1.4)计算出氟苯尼考在蛋鸡产蛋前用药的休药时间。【结果】蛋鸡产蛋前使用氟苯尼考后,鸡蛋中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留量随用药时间增加逐渐增大,到停药第1天时,药物残留量达到峰值,约为307.64μg/kg;然后随着停药时间的增加而逐渐下降。至停药第10天,鸡蛋中药物残留总量降至10μg/kg以下;至停药第12天,残留量降至检出限以下。利用残留消除规律模型和WT1.4软件计算的氟苯尼考在蛋鸡产蛋前的休药时间分别是9.70 d和10.26 d。验证试验结果显示,停药第9天后,所有鸡蛋样品中药物残留量均降至10μg/kg以下,结合休药期计算结果,建议氟苯尼考在蛋鸡开产期前用药的安全间隔期为10 d。而试验期间鸡群从第1枚鸡蛋生产到理论开产期的时间间隔为32 d。【结论】由于蛋鸡在理论开产期前产蛋的不规律性,为保障消费者的健康,建议将蛋鸡产蛋前使用氟苯尼考粉后的休药时间定为理论开产期前的42 d。

新疆南疆地区乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及对氟苯尼考纳米凝胶的药物敏感性研究

为了研究氟苯尼考纳米凝胶对新疆南疆地区乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果,试验从新疆南疆地区某奶牛场的乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中分离纯化金黄色葡萄球菌,采用生化试验、PCR扩增及测序等方法进行细菌鉴定,并通过比较氟苯尼考原料药、氟苯尼考纳米凝胶和氟苯尼考注射液对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的抑菌圈直径(DIZ)、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌曲线分析氟苯尼考纳米凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的抑菌效果。结果表明:从乳样中分离到一株细菌,该分离株革兰氏染色、镜检后呈蓝紫色并排列成葡萄串状,触酶、血浆凝固酶和甘露醇发酵试验结果均为阳性,其基因组DNA中能扩增出金黄色葡萄球菌耐热核酸酶(nuc)基因,16S rDNA基因序列与金黄色葡萄球菌的相似性为99.7%,判断该分离菌为金黄色葡萄球菌。氟苯尼考原料药、氟苯尼考纳米凝胶和氟苯尼考注射液对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213株均产生抑菌作用,DIZ大小为氟苯尼考纳米凝胶>氟苯尼考注射液>氟苯尼考原料药,均表现为高度敏感,其中氟苯尼考纳米凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213株的DIZ均显著高于氟苯尼考原料药和氟苯尼考注射液(P<0.05)。3种药物对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的MIC分别为4μg/mL、2μg/mL和4μg/mL。1μg/mL氟苯尼考纳米凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的抑菌效果与2μg/mL氟苯尼考原料药和氟苯尼考注射液相当,当氟苯尼考纳米凝胶的浓度为4μg/mL时金黄色葡萄球菌分离株不再生长。说明从新疆南疆地区成功分离出一株乳源金黄色葡萄球菌;相比于氟苯尼考原料药和氟苯尼考注射液,氟苯尼考纳米凝胶对该分离株具有较好的抑菌效果。

氟苯尼考在泰和乌鸡可食性组织中残留消除规律研究

为研究氟苯尼考可溶性粉在泰和乌鸡体内可食性组织的残留变化规律,试验选择64只110日龄健康泰和乌鸡(公母各半),按推荐剂量0.5 g可溶性氟苯尼考粉/L饮用水连续给药5 d。在停药后第0.16、1、3、5、7、9、12、15天随机屠宰4只公鸡和4只母鸡,分别采集肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、皮脂样本,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定组织中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺残留量,并利用WT1.4软件计算氟苯尼考在泰和乌鸡体内的休药期。结果显示,氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺在泰和乌鸡肌肉、肝脏、肾脏组织内残留消除较为迅速,而在皮脂组织消除相对缓慢;氟苯尼考可溶性粉在泰和乌鸡肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、皮脂中的休药时间分别为4.36 d、0.00 d、0.00 d、9.81 d。研究表明,为保证泰和乌鸡产品质量安全,氟苯尼考在泰和乌鸡体内的推荐休药期应大于10 d。

氟苯尼考残留对海洋小球藻生长及抗氧化系统的影响

随着水产养殖业的集约化发展,养殖尾水中抗生素残留可能对水生生态系统造成严重威胁,已引起全球性的关注。笔者以水产养殖中常用的饵料微藻——海洋小球藻为研究对象,探究氟苯尼考对其可能的作用效应。分析不同质量浓度氟苯尼考暴露72 h后,海洋小球藻细胞生长、色素含量、活性氧含量、丙二醛及抗氧化酶活性的响应变化。试验结果显示,海洋小球藻在氟苯尼考暴露72 h后藻细胞表现出“低促高抑”现象,藻细胞的叶绿素含量随氟苯尼考质量浓度增加呈倒“U”型趋势,0.100 mg/L组叶绿素含量最高,与对照组相比提高了74.6%;氟苯尼考胁迫会对微藻细胞膜产生氧化损伤,20 mg/L氟苯尼考暴露导致藻细胞丙二醛含量升高,是对照组的2.45倍,诱导合成类胡萝卜素,参与抵抗氧化损伤。试验质量浓度下,谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性受到显著抑制作用。与球等鞭金藻相比,海洋小球藻对氟苯尼考表现出较高的耐受性。本试验结果可为养殖尾水中抗生素残留的处理提供理论依据。

畜禽组织中甲氧苄啶和氟苯尼考的同时免疫层析检测方法研究

针对动物源性食品中甲氧苄啶(TMP)和氟苯尼考(FF)复配使用残留的问题,以乳胶微球作为示踪信号探针,建立了同时检测鸡肉和猪肉样品中甲氧苄啶和氟苯尼考的乳胶微球侧流免疫层析方法(LMs-LFIA)。基于特异性单克隆抗体7E6和SF15,通过逐步优化策略考察了探针制备条件、试纸条工作缓冲液以及样品垫处理液缓冲体系等对LMs-LFIA性能的影响。结果表明:在优化条件下,所建立的LMs-LFIA对鸡肉和猪肉样品中甲氧苄啶和氟苯尼考的可视化检出限分别为8 ng/g和12 ng/g,检测时间为8 min,且与甲氧苄啶和氟苯尼考的结构及功能类似物无明显交叉反应,方法特异性良好。所建方法对鸡、猪肉盲样的检测结果与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)仪器确证方法一致,适用于畜禽组织样本中甲氧苄啶和氟苯尼考残留的同时检测。

基于G-四链体/硫黄素T无标记荧光适配体传感器快速检测氟苯尼考

硫黄素T(ThT)通过非共价相互作用与G-四链体结合,形成G-四链体/ThT复合物,呈现出较强荧光强度,而游离ThT荧光十分微弱。当存在氟苯尼考(FF)时,具有G-四链体结构的适配体(Apt)对靶标的高亲和力,使得Apt/FF复合物形成并释放ThT,荧光强度降低。基于这一特点,本研究设计一种灵敏快速的现场检测体系,用于检测氟苯尼考,即基于G-四链体/硫黄素T的无标记荧光适配体传感器。该适配体传感器的检测范围为0.0128~200 ng/mL,实际检出限0.0128 ng/mL,检测总时长10 min。同时,对实际加标样品(牛奶和鸡蛋)进行回收率计算,加标回收率在91.2%~117.1%之间。所建立的无标记荧光适配体传感器具有高特异性、成本低、耗时短等优点,可用于实际样品的现场检测。

氟苯尼考影响子宫内膜基质细胞蜕膜化的功能研究

目的:探究氟苯尼考(florfenicol,FLO)暴露对蜕膜化的影响及线粒体在其中发挥的作用。方法:构建FLO暴露的原代小鼠蜕膜基质细胞(mouse decidual stromal cells,mDSCs)模型,经FLO(1.56、6.25、25.00μg/mL)暴露后,采用鬼笔环肽染色法观察细胞形态变化,采用Western blot检测蜕膜化标志分子HOXA10表达以分析FLO对蜕膜化的影响;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,采用Western blot检测细胞增殖标志分子PCNA表达以分析FLO对蜕膜化过程中细胞增殖、凋亡的影响;采用荧光探针Mito-tracker Red观察线粒体形态,采用免疫荧光检测线粒体外膜标志蛋白TOMM20表达并检测ATP水平以分析FLO对蜕膜基质细胞线粒体功能的影响。结果:25.00μg/mL FLO暴露导致细胞形态异常,蜕膜化标志分子HOXA10表达降低(P=0.002),细胞凋亡水平增加,细胞增殖能力降低;进一步发现FLO暴露后线粒体外膜标志蛋白TOMM20表达降低(P=0.010)、线粒体形态异常和ATP水平降低(P=0.003)。结论:25.00μg/mLFLO暴露可能与线粒体功能打破mDSCs的细胞增殖、凋亡平衡,损伤蜕膜化进程有关。

流动注射-鲁米诺-KMnO_(4)化学发光抑制法测定鸡蛋中氟苯尼考残留含量

在碱性条件下,基于氟苯尼考会抑制鲁米诺-KMnO4化学发光,并且随着氟苯尼考浓度的增加,其抑制化学发光强度随之增强,从而建立流动注射-鲁米诺-KMnO4化学发光体系检测氟苯尼考的方法。分别探讨试剂用量、蠕动泵流速等参数条件对该发光强度的影响。优化条件下,在1.0×10^(-6)℃~1.0×10^(-4)g·mL^(-1)质量浓度范围内,氟苯尼考质量浓度与相对化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限(3σ)3.0×10^(-7)g·mL^(-1);对质量浓度8.0×10^(-5)g·mL^(-1)的氟苯尼考平行测定11次,RSD为4.88%。结果表明,建立的流动注射-化学发光分析方法简单快速,并将该方法应用于动物源性食品鸡蛋样中兽药氟苯尼考残留的分析,方法灵敏、准确、可靠,结果令人满意。

氟苯尼考/二甲基-β-环糊精包合物的制备及评价

目的 以2,6-二甲基-β-环糊精(DM-β-CD)为包合材料制备氟苯尼考(florfenicol,FF)包合物FF/DM-β-CD,以改善FF的溶解度和溶出速度,提高其生物利用度。方法 在应用分子对接结合相溶解度法筛选合适的环糊精(CD)后,采用加热搅拌法制备FF/DM-β-CD,并使用DSC、PXRD、FT-IR对包合物进行物相鉴别,对其溶解性、溶液稳定性和体外溶出进行考察,同时进行了FF/DM-β-CD在鸡体内的药动学研究。结果 FF与HP-β-CD、DM-β-CD和SBE-β-CD对接后的模型较稳定,DM-β-CD改善FF溶解度的效果最好。选择DM-β-CD作为包合材料,加热搅拌法制备了FF/DM-β-CD,DSC、PXRD和FT-IR结果证实FF/DM-β-CD的形成。FF/DM-β-CD可显著增加FF的溶解度,在标准硬水、自来水、去离子水和纯化水中的溶解度均大于FF的55.0倍。FF/DM-β-CD溶液在25℃放置1 d后,自来水中无析出,标准硬水、纯化水和去离子水中有微量析出;随着时间增加,析出逐渐增多,7 d后,以自来水中析出最少;FF含量无明显变化。FF/DM-β-CD在不同水质水中的溶出无明显差异,25℃、5 min时均已完全溶出,为FF原料药的17.09倍。与FF相比,FF/DM-β-CD能明显提高FF在鸡体内的生物利用度(Fr=165.24%)。结论 以DM-β-CD为包合材料制备FF/DM-β-CD,可显著提高FF的溶解度、溶出度和生物利用度。

玉米烯酮与氟苯尼考对雏鸡免疫功能和生长性能的影响

玉米烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)为常见的环境污染物,而氟苯尼考(florfenicol,FFC)则是兽医临床上应用非常广泛的抗菌药,二者极有可能同时暴露,对动物产生毒副作用,但目前尚未见相关研究报道。为探究ZEN和FFC单独与共同暴露对雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,将40只1日龄雏鸡适应性饲养2 d,于3日龄时随机分为4组,每组10只,公母各半,分别为对照组、ZEN组(按1 mg·kg^(-1)日粮剂量染毒ZEN 21 d)、FFC组(按100 mg·L^(-1)饮水给药FFC,连续5 d)和ZEN+FFC组(按1 mg·kg^(-1)日粮连续染毒ZEN 21 d的同时,前5 d连续按治疗剂量100 mg·L^(-1)饮水给药FFC),试验周期为21 d。测定雏鸡的平均日增重、脏器指数和料重比,并采用ELISA试剂盒检测血清中细胞因子和新城疫抗体水平。结果表明,即使是低水平的ZEN也可抑制白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的分泌从而抑制雏鸡免疫功能,并可能通过促进白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的释放诱发炎症反应;早期使用治疗剂量的FFC不仅可抑制雏鸡的生长,还能使IL-2和IFN-γ分泌下调从而产生免疫抑制。二者共同暴露虽然可减轻其对IL-2和IFN-γ的抑制作用,并控制玉米烯酮诱导的炎症反应,但可抑制雏鸡的体液免疫应答水平。因此,应加强雏鸡饲料中ZEN污染的监控,慎重使用FFC作为开口药,尽量避免在二者同时存在时对雏鸡进行疫苗接种,以防免疫失败。