Focal adhesion kinase-related non-kinase ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis via the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway

BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development.HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation.Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells or fibroblasts,while FAK-related non-kinase(FRNK)inhibits FAK phosphorylation and biological functions.AIM To elucidate the effect of FRNK on liver fibrosis at the level of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in HSCs.METHODS Mouse liver fibrosis models were established by administering CCl4,and the effect of FRNK on the degree of liver fibrosis in the model was evaluated.Transforming growth factor-β1 was used to activate LX-2 cells.Tyrosine phosphorylation at position 397(pY397-FAK)was detected to identify activated FAK,and the expression of the glycolysis-related proteins monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT-1)and enolase1(ENO1)was assessed.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict putative binding sites for c-myc in the ENO1 promoter region,which were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)and dual luciferase reporter assays.RESULTS The pY397-FAK level was increased in human fibrotic liver tissue.FRNK knockout promoted liver fibrosis in mouse models.It also increased the activation,migration,proliferation and aerobic glycolysis of primary hepatic stellate cells(pHSCs)but inhibited pHSC apoptosis.Nevertheless,opposite trends for these phenomena were observed after exogenous FRNK treatment in LX-2 cells.Mechanistically,the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway promoted aerobic glycolysis,which was inhibited by exogenous FRNK.CONCLUSION FRNK inhibits aerobic glycolysis in HSCs by inhibiting the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway,thereby improving liver fibrosis.FRNK might be a potential target for liver fibrosis treatment.

The Overexpressed FAK （Focal Adhesion Kinase） in Higher Grade Human Urothelial Tumors

Malignant transformation of normal cells involves important structural and functional changes, particularly in cell adhesion. In this study, we wanted to assess whether changes in the expression of FAK, a tyrosine kinase, which is recruited to focal adhesions and plays a key role in cell migration, proliferation and survival, could reflect the invasive capacity of bladder carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FAK expression in cancer ceils as an important prognostic factor of the evolution of bladder carcinomas. Tumor and paired peritumoral biopsies were obtained during transurethral endoscopic resection or cystectomy of bladder tumors in 280 patients at the Urology Unit of the Mustapha Hospital of Algiers and the Hospital of Tizi-Ouzou （Algeria）. The authors studied FAK expression in samples from bladder carcinomas at different stages of malignant transformation by western blot analysis using a specific anti-FAK antibody. Western blot is one of the most common laboratory techniques; it is used to detect the presence of a specific protein in a complex mixture extracted from cells. A weak increase in FAK expression was observed in tumors of grade 1 and 2 （1.65; 2.99） as compared to healthy tissues; it became particularly important in grade 3 tumors; the authors show that FAK levels significantly increased gradually according to the tumor stage.

Effect of focal adhesion kinase on cytoskeletal arrangement of HepG2 cells induced by hypoxia

Objective： To study focal adhesion kinase （FAK） expression in hypoxic HepG2 cells and the effect of FAK siRNA on cytoskeletal arrangement of HepG2 cells induced by hypoxia. Methods： HepG2 cells were cultured in 21% O2 and 1% O2. Morphological changes were observed after hypoxia treatment. Western blot was used to measure FAK expression. The siRNA expression vector pshRNA-FAK targeting the mRNA of FAK and vector pGensil-2 （as a control） were constructed, and then transfected into HepG2 cells. Western blot was used to detect FAK. The cytoskeletal arrangement of HepG2 cells transfected with pshRNA-FAK induced by hypoxia was analyzed by phalloidin. The migratory ability of HepG2 cells transfected with pshRNA-FAK induced by hypoxia was analyzed by cell migration assay. Results： Hypoxia-treated cells displayed a more elongated shape with a large degree of cell detachment. FAK expression increased in hypoxic HepG2 cells. FAK protein level was decreased by 75.64% ± 3.12% （P 〈 0.01） after the pshRNA-FAK transfection. Hypoxia induced cytoskeletal arrangement of HepG2 cells. However, cytoskeletal arrangement of HepG2 cells transfected with pshRNA-FAK induced by hypoxia was inhibited in 1% O2. As cell migration assay showed, the migrating number of HepG cells transfected with pshRNA-FAK was significantly lower than that of control （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The expression of FAK in hypoxic HCC might have a close relationship to the cytoskeletal arrangement of HepG2 cells induced by hypoxia. Up-regulation of FAK expression may be one of mechanisms of cytoskeletal arrangement and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hypoxia.

Progress in researches about focal adhesion kinase in gastrointestinal tract

Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)is a 125-kDa non-receptor protein tyrosine.Growth factors or the clustering of integrins facilitate the rapid phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr-397 and this in turn recruits Src-family protein tyrosine kinases,resulting in the phosphorylation of Tyr-576 and Tyr-577 in the FAK activation loop and full catalytic FAK activation.FAK plays a critical role in the biological processes of normal and cancer cells including the gastrointestinal tract.FAK also plays an important role in the restitution,cell survival and apoptosis and carcinogenesis of the gastrointestinal tract.FAK is over-expressed in cancer cells and its over-expression and elevated activities are associated with motility and invasion of cancer cells.FAK has been proposed as a potential target in cancer therapy.Small molecule inhibitors effectively inhibit the kinase activity of FAK and show a potent inhibitory effect for the proliferation and migration of tumor cells,indicating a high potential for application in cancer therapy.

Focal adhesion kinase and Src phosphorylations in HGF-induced proliferation and invasion of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line, HuCCA-1

AIM: To study the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its association with Src in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell signaling in cholangiocarcinoma progression.METHODS: Previously isolated HuCCA-1 cells were re-characterized by immunofluorescent staining and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for the expression of cytokeratin 19, HGF and c-Met mRNA. Cultured HuCCA-1 cells were treated with HGF and determined for cell proliferation and invasion effects by MTT and invasion assays. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation were also performed to study the phosphorylation and interaction of FAK and Src. A novel Src inhibitor (AZM555130) was applied in cultures to investigate the effects on FAK phosphorylation inhibition and on cell proliferation and invasion.RESULTS: HGF enhanced HuCCA-1 cell proliferation and invasion by mediating FAK and Src phosphorylations.FAK-Src interaction occurred in a time-dependent manner that Src was proved to be an upstream signaling molecule to FAK. The inhibitor to Src decreased FAK phosphorylation level in correlation with the reduction of cell proliferation and invasion.CONCLUSION: FAK plays a significant role in signaling pathway of HGF-responsive cell line derived from cholangiocarcinoma. Autophosphorylated Src, induced by HGF, mediates Src kinase activation, which subsequently phosphorylates its substrate, FAK, and signals to cell proliferation and invasion.

Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase enhances antitumor response of radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer through CD8+ T cells

Objective:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a deadly malignancy,due in large part to its resistance to conventional therapies,including radiotherapy(RT).Despite RT exerting a modest antitumor response,it has also been shown to promote an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Previous studies demonstrated that focal adhesion kinase inhibitors(FAKi)in clinical development inhibit the infiltration of suppressive myeloid cells and T regulatory(T regs)cells,and subsequently enhance effector T cell infiltration.FAK inhibitors in clinical development have not been investigated in combination with RT in preclinical murine models or clinical studies.Thus,we investigated the impact of FAK inhibition on RT,its potential as an RT sensitizer and immunomodulator in a murine model of PDAC.Methods:We used a syngeneic orthotopic murine model to study the effect of FAKi on hypofractionated RT.Results:In this study we showed that IN10018,a small molecular FAKi,enhanced antitumor response to RT.Antitumor activity of the combination of FAKi and RT is T cell dependent.FAKi in combination with RT enhanced CD8+T cell infiltration significantly in comparison to the radiation or FAKi treatment alone(P<0.05).FAKi in combination with radiation inhibited the infiltration of granulocytes but enhanced the infiltration of macrophages and T regs in comparison with the radiation or FAKi treatment alone(P<0.01).Conclusions:These results support the clinical development of FAKi as a radiosensitizer for PDAC and combining FAKi with RT to prime the tumor microenvironment of PDAC for immunotherapy.

Inhibiting focal adhesion kinase:A potential target for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer therapy

Focal adhesion kinase(FAK) is a major integrin- dep-endent tyrosine phosphorylated protein, recently, FAK association with colorectal cancer(CRC) has gained at-tention. The various cancer-promoting mechanisms that associated with FAK can be implicated in the progression of CRC. The interactions between structural features of FAK and various kinases could be closely related to growth, survival, and metastasis in CRC cells. These interactions include human epithelial growth factor re-ceptor, c-Met, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and Src. Such interactions can trigger the survival signaling of CRC cells and are also involved signaling downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT, and the extracellular regulated kinase. Based on this scientific background, many pharmaceutical companies are taking efforts to develop FAK inhibitors to treat solid cancer including CRC. Although the anti-cancer efficacies have been noted in many studies, the commercial drugs have not been deve-loped yet. Therefore, the FAK research on CRC is expec-ted to gain momentum and be highly appreciated as a potential field for developing the new drugs. Therefore, the studies on FAK that effect on the progression of human CRC s would be possible to suggest various app-roaches to CRC treatment, and FAK could be a potential target as an anticancer candidate for CRC therapies.

Clinical significance of upregulated Rho GTPase activating protein 12 causing resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major health challenge with high incidence and poor survival rates in China.Systemic therapies,particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),are the first-line treatment for advanced HCC,but resistance is common.The Rho GTPase family member Rho GTPase activating protein 12(ARHGAP12),which regulates cell adhesion and invasion,is a potential therapeutic target for overcoming TKI resistance in HCC.However,no studies on the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC and its role in resistance to TKIs have been reported.AIM To unveil the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC,its role in TKI resistance and its potential associated pathways.METHODS This study used single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to evaluate ARHGAP12 mRNA levels and explored its mechanisms through enrichment analysis.CellChat was used to investigate focal adhesion(FA)pathway regulation.We integrated bulk RNA data(RNA-seq and microarray),immunohistochemistry and proteomics to analyze ARHGAP12 mRNA and protein levels,correlating with clinical outcomes.We assessed ARHGAP12 expression in TKI-resistant HCC,integrated conventional HCC to explore its mechanism,identified intersecting FA pathway genes with scRNA-seq data and evaluated its response to TKI and immunotherapy.RESULTS ARHGAP12 mRNA was found to be highly expressed in malignant hepatocytes and to regulate FA.In malignant hepatocytes in high-score FA groups,MDK-[integrin alpha 6(ITGA6)+integrinβ-1(ITGB1)]showed specificity in ligand-receptor interactions.ARHGAP12 mRNA and protein were upregulated in bulk RNA,immunohistochemistry and proteomics,and higher expression was associated with a worse prognosis.ARHGAP12 was also found to be a TKI resistance gene that regulated the FA pathway.ITGB1 was identified as a crossover gene in the FA pathway in both scRNA-seq and bulk RNA.High expression of ARHGAP12 was associated with adverse reactions to sorafenib,cabozantinib and regorafenib,but not to immunotherapy.CONCLUSION ARHGAP12 expression is elevated in HCC and TKI-resistant HCC,and its regulatory role in FA may underlie the TKI-resistant phenotype.

Degradation of FAK-targeting by proteolytic targeting chimera technology to inhibit the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer,ranking third in terms of mortality rate.Metastasis and recurrence primarily contribute to the high mortality rate of liver cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has low expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK),which increases the risk of metastasis and recurrence.Nevertheless,the efficacy of FAK phosphorylation inhibitors is currently limited.Thus,investigating the mechanisms by which FAK affects HCC metastasis to develop targeted therapies for FAK may present a novel strategy to inhibit HCC metastasis.This study examined the correlation between FAK expression and the prognosis of HCC.Additionally,we explored the impact of FAK degradation on HCC metastasis through wound healing experiments,transwell invasion experiments,and a xenograft tumor model.The expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)was measured to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that FAK PROTAC can degrade FAK,inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro,and notably decrease the lung metastasis of HCC in vivo.Increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of vimentin indicated that EMT was inhibited.Consequently,degradation of FAK through FAK PROTAC effectively suppressed liver cancer metastasis,holding significant clinical implications for treating liver cancer and developing innovative anti-neoplastic drugs.

根皮素通过抑制FAK改善肾小管间质纤维化

目的探究根皮素能否通过抑制黏着斑激酶(FAK)改善肾小管间质纤维化。方法肾小管上皮细胞NRK-52E经TGF-β1(10 ng/mL)诱导建立肾纤维化细胞模型,并构建单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)肾间质纤维化小鼠模型。通过免疫荧光及Western blot法检测细胞及小鼠肾脏组织中α-SMA、FN的蛋白表达水平,明确根皮素体内外抗肾纤维化作用;检测实验小鼠血清中肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,分析根皮素的肾保护作用;以苏木精-伊红(HE)染色和Masson染色观察根皮素对UUO小鼠肾脏病理学改变和胶原纤维沉积的影响;Western blot检测TGF-β1诱导的NRK-52E细胞和UUO小鼠肾组织中FAK、p-FAK的蛋白表达水平;通过分子对接预测根皮素与FAK蛋白的潜在结合模式和结合能力;使用FAK抑制剂PND-1186,探究根皮素改善肾间质纤维化的作用机制。结果根皮素可逆转TGF-β1所致的肾小管上皮细胞及UUO小鼠肾组织中α-SMA、FN的蛋白表达水平升高,且显著降低UUO小鼠血清中Cr、BUN水平,改善UUO小鼠肾小管扩张、炎性细胞浸润及间质胶原沉积;根皮素可以显著抑制UUO小鼠肾组织中FAK、p-FAK蛋白的表达水平,分子对接提示根皮素与FAK蛋白之间具有良好相互作用。根皮素与PND-1186均可改善TGF-β1诱导的NRK-52E细胞纤维化。结论根皮素通过抑制FAK信号通路在体内外发挥抗肾间质纤维化作用。

通关藤对胃癌小鼠Src/FAK信号通路及Th1/Th2相关因子水平的影响

目的探讨通关藤对胃癌小鼠类固醇受体共激活因子(Steroid receptor coactivator,Src)/黏着斑激酶(Focaladhesion kinase,FAK)信号通路及Th1/Th2相关因子水平的影响。方法将SPF级成年雌雄各半C57BL/6小鼠60只,根据随机数字表法分为空白对照组、模型组(注射生理盐水)、环磷酰胺组(注射环磷酰胺)、通关藤低、中、高剂量组(分别注射0.1 ml、0.2 ml、0.4 ml通关藤注射液),每组各10只。干预1次/2 d,于干预第21天时处死所有小鼠,颈部取血。测量小鼠体质量以及胸腺、脾、肿瘤质量。HE染色观察小鼠瘤体病理形态变化。流式细胞术检测小鼠CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)以及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平,ELISA法检测白细胞介素-2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)、干扰素-γ(Interferon-γ,INF-γ)水平,Western blot法检测Src、磷酸化Src(p-Src)、FAK、磷酸化FAK(p-FAK)蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组比较,通关藤各干预组脾指数、胸腺指数水平升高,且随通关藤剂量增加,脾指数、胸腺指数水平、抑瘤率均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。环磷酰胺组脾指数和胸腺指数明显低于各通关藤剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);环磷酰胺组和通关藤高剂量组抑瘤率明显高于通关藤低、中剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,模型组肿瘤细胞排列整齐且密集,而环磷酰胺组和通关藤各剂量组肿瘤细胞密度有所减少,且分布不均,并呈不同程度的肿瘤细胞坏死灶。与模型组比较,通关藤各干预组IL-2、INF-γ水平升高,IL-4、IL-10水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相较于环磷酰胺组,通关藤低、中、高剂量组IL-2、INF-γ水平升高,IL-4、IL-10水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且通关藤干预剂量越高,IL-2、INF-γ水平升高越明显,IL-4、IL-10水平降低越明显(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,环磷酰胺组和通关藤各干预组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平升高,CD8^(+)水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与环磷酰胺组比较,通关藤低、中、高剂量组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平升高,CD8^(+)水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且通关藤干预剂量越高,CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平升高越明显,CD8^(+)水平降低越明显(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,环磷酰胺组和通关藤各干预组p-Src/Src、p-FAK/FAK蛋白水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与环磷酰胺组比较,通关藤低、中、高剂量组p-Src/Src、p-FAK/FAK蛋白水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且通关藤干预剂量越高,p-Src/Src、p-FAK/FAK蛋白水平降低越明显。结论通关藤可调节胃癌小鼠Src/FAK信号通路及Th1/Th2相关因子水平,从而发挥抑癌作用,且剂量越高,效果越显著。

Focal adhesion kinase signaling is necessary for the hydrogen sulfide-enhanced proliferation,migration,and invasion of HTR8/SVneo human trophoblasts

Objective:Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)has been elucidated that it promotes migration and invasion in human placenta trophoblasts.However,the signaling pathway underlying H_(2)S-based regulation of trophoblasts remains unknown.Hence,we investigated the potential effect of sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS),an exogenous H_(2)S donor,on extravillous trophoblasts.Methods:The Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the proliferative activity of trophoblasts and to screen the optimal concentration of NaHS.The migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells were measured by Transwell assays.Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis.Protein expression was determined by western blot.Results:We found that NaHS could promote the proliferation,migration,and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells.The phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase(FAK),Src,and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)were activated by NaHS.Moreover,NaHS also upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and MMP-9,downregulated the expression of E-cadherin in HTR8/SVneo cells.The application of NaHS could increase the expression of cystathionine-β-synthase.Conclusion:Both FAK-Src signaling and the upstream signaling cascade of ERK activation play a significant important role in NaHS-induced proliferation,migration,and invasion via upregulating activity of MMP-2,MMP-9,and downregulating E-cadherin in HTR8/SVneo cells.These novel findings may provide a strong foundation for the clinical application of H_(2)S donor drugs.

人黏着斑激酶(FAK)原核表达及多克隆抗体制备与鉴定

目的克隆、表达与纯化黏着斑激酶(FAK)基因C端黏着斑定位序列(第798~1041位氨基酸),制备兔抗FAK多克隆抗体并鉴定。方法PCR法体外扩增FAK基因C端序列(2671~3402 bp),克隆至pCZN1,构建pCZN1-FAK重组表达载体,将重组表达载体转化到大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,用异丙基β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达;利用镍-次氮基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)金属鳌合亲和层析树脂进行蛋白纯化,并免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体;通过间接ELISA和Western blot法进行效价和特异性鉴定。结果成功构建pCZN1-FAK重组表达载体,FAK蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达。目的蛋白纯化后,制备的兔抗FAK多克隆抗体效价达1∶512000,且与外源和内源FAK蛋白发生特异性反应。结论成功克隆、表达与纯化FAK蛋白,制备兔抗FAK多克隆抗体,可用于内源FAK蛋白特异性检测。

Expression, distribution and function of the focal adhesion kinase (pp125^(FAK)) during murine ectoplacental cone outgrowth in vitro

Mouse embryo implantation is a complex process that includes trophoblast cells derived from ectoplacental cone (EPC) adhesion to and migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of uterine endometrium and invasion into the decidua. At the time of implantation, fibronectin (FN) is abundant in the decidua and is distributed pericellularly around each individual stromal cell, and its receptor (integrin α-5β-1) expression on trophoblast populations is up-regulated. The focal adhesion kinase, a 125 ku protein tyrosine kinase (pp125 FAK), is tyrosine phosphorylated upon integrin engagement with its ECM ligand, and its tyrosine phosphorylation sites then serve as the binding sites which couple it with cellular proteins that contain Src SH2 or SH3 domains. Through these linkages, pp125 FAK may integrate multiple signals triggered by integrins. The model of EPC culture %in vitro% was used to study the expression, distribution and function of pp125 FAK during EPC outgrowth on FN. Results indicated that, pp125 FAK primarily expressed and distributed in cellular focal adhesions of the front edge of trophoblast outgrowth from EPC, and was localized in the peripheral region of the individual migrating trophblast cell; antibody or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to pp125 FAK inhibited EPC attachment and outgrowth, as well as trophoblast cells spreading and migration. This experiment demonstrated that pp125 FAK as an integrin-mediated signaling molecule was involved in EPC outgrowth %in vitro%, and played an important role during trophoblast cells interaction with FN.

Activated focal adhesion kinase involved in adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated by fibronectin

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) adhesion and migration stimulated by fibronectin. METHODS: Adhesion and migration of cultured SMCs were stimulated by different concentrations of fibronectin (FN), FAK and its phosphorylation were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. FAK antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were transfected into SMCs by cationic lipid to investigate its modulatory effects on tyrosine phosphorylation. SMCs adhesion and migration were also measured by morphological enumeration and modified Boyden Chambers, respectively. RESULTS: FAK were expressed when SMCs adhesion and migration were successfully simulated by different concentrations of FN. FAK phosphorylation were detected only at 20 microg/ml FN or more. FAK antisense ODNs were transfected efficiently by cationic lipid and FAK phosphorylation was inhibited substantially. The SMCs migration rate in the 5 - 60 microg/ml FN groups was reduced by 17.89% - 27.67%. Cell migration stimulated by FN at 10, 20, 40 and 60 microg/ml were reduced by 23.26%, 21.63%, 19.31% and 17.88%, respectively (P

金雀异黄酮抑制OPN-FAK信号通路对非小细胞肺癌迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:探讨金雀异黄酮(GS)抑制骨桥蛋白(OPN)/黏着斑激酶(FAK)信号通路对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:qRT-PCR检测四种NSCLC细胞系(H596、H520、A549、H1703)及正常人肺上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)中OPN、FAK mRNA表达水平;以A549细胞为研究目标,分别设置对照组、GS低浓度(GS-L)组(10μmoL/L)、GS中浓度(GS-M)组(20μmoL/L)、GS高浓度(GS-H)组(40μmoL/L)、重组骨桥蛋白(rOPN)组(15ng/mL)、GS-H+rOPN组(40μmoL/L GS+15ng/mL rOPN)。分别利用MTT法、流式细胞仪检测上述各组细胞增殖率、凋亡率;划痕实验及Transwell实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭变化;Western blot及qRT-PCR检测OPN/FAK信号通路相关基因和蛋白的表达。结果:与BEAS-2B细胞相比,A549细胞中OPN、FAK mRNA表达水平变化最为显著(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,GS-L组、GS-M组、GS-H组A549细胞增殖率、迁移率、侵袭及迁移数、OPN/FAK信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达显著降低,凋亡率显著增加(P<0.05);rOPN组A549细胞增殖率、迁移率、侵袭及迁移数、OPN/FAK信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达显著增加,凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05)。与GS-H组相比,GS-H+rOPN组A549细胞增殖率、迁移率、侵袭及迁移数、OPN/FAK信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达显著增加,凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05)。与rOPN组相比,GS-H+rOPN组A549细胞增殖率、迁移率、侵袭及迁移数、OPN/FAK信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达显著降低,凋亡率显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:GS可以抑制NSCLC-A549细胞的迁移、侵袭及增殖,促进其凋亡,可能与抑制OPN/FAK信号通路有关。

基于FAK/ERK途径探讨NRP-1对结直肠癌细胞的影响

目的探究神经纤毛蛋白-1(neuropilin-1,NRP-1)对结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)细胞行为的作用,及其对黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)/胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinases,ERK)信号途径的影响。方法将CRC细胞系DLD-1随机分为对照组、CT-707组、sh-NRP-1组、sh-NRP-1+CT-707组,按分组使用sh-NRP-1慢病毒液感染细胞与FAK抑制剂CT-707处理细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察感染慢病毒后细胞内增强型绿色荧光蛋白表达情况,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法检测细胞内NRP-1mRNA与蛋白的表达变化。CCK-8法和EdU染色检测细胞增殖能力,细胞划痕实验观察细胞划痕愈合率,Transwell实验检测细胞迁移与侵袭,Western blot法测定细胞内FAK/ERK相关蛋白表达情况。结果感染sh-NRP-1重组慢病毒的DLD-1细胞中可见明显绿色荧光,细胞内NRP-1mRNA相对表达量和蛋白相对表达量均显著下调(P<0.05),表明转染成功。与对照组比较,CT-707组和sh-NRP-1组的细胞增殖活性显著下降,EdU阳性百分比显著降低,细胞划痕愈合率显著降低,细胞迁移数目与侵袭数目均显著减少,FAK蛋白磷酸化水平和ERK蛋白磷酸化水平均显著下调(P<0.05);与sh-NRP-1组比较,sh-NRP-1+CT-707组细胞增殖活性显著下降,EdU阳性百分比和细胞划痕愈合率均显著降低,细胞迁移数目与侵袭数目也均显著减少,FAK蛋白磷酸化水平和ERK蛋白磷酸化水平均显著下调(P<0.05)。结论下调NRP-1表达能够发挥抑制CRC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的作用,该机制可能与调控FAK/ERK信号转导途径有关。

吉马酮调节FAK/YAP信号通路对非小细胞肺癌细胞顺铂耐药性的影响

目的 探讨吉马酮(GMC)调节局部黏着斑激酶(FAK)/Yes相关蛋白(YAP)通路对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞顺铂(DDP)耐药性的影响。方法 将A549/DDP细胞分为CK组、低剂量GMC组(GMC-L组,5μmol/L)、中剂量GMC组(GMC-M组,10μmol/L)、高剂量GMC组(GMC-H组,20μmol/L)、GMC-H+pcDNA组(20μmol/L+转染pcDNA)、GMC-H+pcDNA-FAK组(20μmol/L+转染pcDNA-FAK)。检测各组细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭情况;检测多药耐药基因1(MDR1)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、磷酸化的FAK(p-FAK)、YAP蛋白表达情况。结果 与CK组比较,GMC-L组、GMCM组、GMC-H组A549/DDP细胞OD450值、克隆形成率、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、MDR1、PCNA、Bcl-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、p-FAK蛋白及核YAP蛋白表达降低,细胞凋亡率升高,且呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05);与GMC-H组、GMC-H+pcDNA组比较,GMC-H+pcDNA-FAK组A549/DDP细胞OD_(450)值、克隆形成率、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、MDR1、PCNA、Bcl-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、p-FAK蛋白及核YAP蛋白表达升高,细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05)。结论 GMC可能通过抑制FAK/YAP信号通路减弱NSCLC细胞DDP耐药性。

超声心肌灌注评分联合血清FAK对急性心肌梗死患者介入术后预后的预测价值

目的分析超声心肌灌注评分联合血清黏着斑激酶(FAK)对急性心肌梗死患者介入术后预后的预测价值。方法选取2019年8月至2022年8月收治的76例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,根据不同预后将其分为预后不良组(20例)和预后良好组(56例),均接受超声心肌灌注评分和血清FAK检测。比较不同预后患者超声心肌灌注评分、血清FAK,并分析其预测价值。结果预后不良组的血小板计数、中性粒细胞计数、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、FAK水平及超声心肌灌注评分高于预后良好组,淋巴细胞计数低于预后良好组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血小板计数、中性粒细胞计数、CK-MB、cTnI、FAK、超声心肌灌注评分是急性心肌梗死患者介入术后预后不良的危险因素,淋巴细胞计数为保护因素,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声心肌灌注评分联合血清FAK预测急性心肌梗死患者介入术后预后的效能较高,灵敏度为90.00%,特异度为92.86%,明显高于超声心肌灌注评分、血清FAK单项预测,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声心肌灌注评分、血清FAK水平与急性心肌梗死患者介入术后预后密切相关,超声心肌灌注评分联合血清FAK具有较高的预后预测价值。

黄芩素对人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231侵袭、迁移、上皮间充质转化的调控作用及其机制

目的观察黄岑素对人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231的侵袭、迁移及上皮间充质转化(EMT)的调控作用,探讨其可能作用机制。方法取对数生长期MDA-MB-231细胞分为一组、二组、三组及对照组,一组、二组、三组分别加入2.5、5、10μmol/L的黄岑素,对照组不做任何处理。培养48 h时采用划痕修复实验观察四组细胞迁移能力、采用Transwell侵袭实验观察四组细胞侵袭能力,采用Western Blotting法检测细胞EMT标志物波形蛋白(vimentin)及E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、整合素αv、β3、磷酸化黏着斑激酶(p-FAK)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(整合素p-PI3K)。结果与对照组相比,黄岑素组细胞迁移率降低、侵袭细胞数少,细胞E-cadherin相对表达量高,vimentin、整合素αv、整合素β3、p-FAK、p-PI3K蛋白相对表达量低,且呈剂量依赖性(P均<0.05)。结论黄芩素抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭、迁移及EMT。黄岑素可能通过抑制整合素αv、整合素β3表达,进一步抑制p-FAK、p-PI3K蛋白表达,抑制MDA-MB-231的侵袭、迁移及EMT。