Can we predict the incidence of high-grade Clavien-Dindo complications in patients with forgotten encrusted stents undergoing endourologic management?

Objective:Ureteral stents are customarily inserted to facilitate urinary drainage,but they come with their own glitches of being forgotten and/or encrusted leading to serious consequences.The present study aimed to report the complications in patients with forgotten and encrusted stents according to the Clavien-Dindo system specific to urological procedures and identify the factors leading to high-grade(Clavien-Dindo Grade 4A or above)complications.Methods:The hospital records of patients with forgotten encrusted double-J stents over a period of 8 years were reviewed.The parameters recorded included patient demographics,indwelling time,need for percutaneous nephrostomy,hemodialysis,urine culture,blood culture,total blood counts,serum creatinine,radiologic findings,management techniques,number of surgical interventions,modified Clavien-Dindo complications,follow-up,and mortality,if any.Results:Forty patients were included in the study.The median age was 52(range 6-85)years.Of the total,25(62.5%)patients had a“significant”stent load;31(77.5%)had renal failure or acute kidney injury on presentation;19(47.5%)patients had sepsis at presentation.Among the patients presented with sepsis,11(57.9%)patients demonstrated a positive urine culture;and 7/11(63.6%)patients exhibited pan-resistant organisms.Twelve out of 40(30.0%)patients in our series developed high-grade Clavien-Dindo complications.On univariate analysis,sepsis at presentation(p=0.007),stent load(p=0.031),diabetes(p=0.023),positive urine culture(p=0.007),and stent indwelling time of more than 1 year(p=0.031)were found to be significant.On multivariate logistic regression analysis,sepsis at presentation(p=0.017)and positive urine culture(p=0.016)were significant predictors for high-grade complications.Conclusion:It is prudent to identify specific risk factors,namely sepsis at presentation and positive urine culture to triage and optimize these patients before surgical management.

Complications and management of forgotten long-term biliary stents

AIMTo evaluate complications and management outcomes of retained long-term plastic biliary stents.METHODSEndoscopic plastic biliary stent placement was performed in 802 patients at Yeungnam University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2014. Follow-up loss with a subsequently forgotten stent for more than 12 mo occurred in 38 patients. We retrospectively examined the cause of biliary stent insertion, status of stents, complications associated with biliary stents and management outcomes of long-term plastic biliary stents. Continuous variables were analyzed using the t test. Observed frequencies in subsets of the study population were compared using Fisher’s exact test and χ2 tests. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05 (two-tailed).RESULTSMean age of patients was 73.7 ± 12 years and male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1. Indications of plastic biliary stent insertion were bile duct stones (63.2%, 24/38) and benign bile duct stricture (52.6%, 20/38). Mean duration of retained plastic stent was 22.6 ± 12.2 mo, and in 10 cases (26.3%), stents were retained for more than 24 mo. Common bile duct (CBD) stones or sludge were found in most cases (92.1%, 35/38). The most common complication was acute cholangitis (94.7%, 36/38). Stent removal by endoscopic approach was successfully performed in 92.1% (35/38) of the cases. In 3 cases, an additional plastic stent was inserted alongside the previous stent due to failure of the stent removal. Endoscopic removal of bile duct stones was successful in 73.7% (28/38) of the cases. When patients were divided into two groups by duration of stent placement (12 to 24 mo vs over 24 mo), there were no differences in the development of cholangitis, presence of biliary stones, and success rate of endoscopic removal of stones and biliary stents.CONCLUSIONThe most common complication of retained long-term plastic biliary stents was acute cholangitis associated with CBD stones. Endoscopic management was successfully performed in most cases.

Extracellular Polysaccharides Matrix—An Often Forgotten Virulence Factor in Oral Biofilm Research

Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world＇s population. Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease （Marsh, 2003; Dye et al., 2007）. Dental caries results from the interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of the diet within a dental biofilm known as plaque （Bowen, 2002）. Sucrose is considered to be the ＂arch criminal＂ from the dietary aspect because it serves as a substrate for synthesis of extracellular （EPS） and intracellular （IPS） polysaccharides in dental biofilm and is also fermentable （Bowen, 2002）.

The Path and Reflection of the Right to be Forgotten in China

With the development of the internet, the right to be forgotten recognized by the EU has gradually entered the research field of Chinese academia. Since then, Chinese scholars have analyzed the necessity and feasibility and also the possible ways in which the right to be forgotten might be safeguarded. However, the argument of the right to be forgotten and its path deserve to be further discussed. The right to be forgotten is not a solution to the violation of personal information in China because our domestic systems and practices have allowed individuals to delete online information and the construction of the forgotten right with the right of personal information as the core may hinder the development of the Internet. This article suggests that the introduction of the right to be forgotten should follow China’s national conditions and should be constructed with privacy as the core in the system design, and the content should further clarify personal data. The subjects of data should be differentiated in specific implementation and the scope of application should encompass the criminal field.

The Right to Be Forgotten Should Not Be Enshrined in Chinese Law

The emergence of the right to be forgotten not only triggered a heated debate between the European Union (EU)and the United States (US), but also caused quite a stir in China’s judicial and legal theory circles. While academicsfrom the UK and the US are wary of the right to be forgotten, their Chinese counterparts are fairly optimistic thatthis right can be transplanted to China. It is found that remarks such as “introducing the right to be forgotten”,“establishing personal information rights”, and “laying down a law on personal information rights” can befrequently observed in relevant studies published in recent years. As an immature new right that has been writteninto laws of some countries, whether the right to be forgotten is in line with China’s practicalities should becogitated on before it is enshrined in law. Having analyzed what influences the right to be forgotten will exert onChina’s rule of law and economic development if it is included in China’s legal system, a conclusion has beenreached. First, the right to be forgotten is detrimental to Chins’ s advancement of rule of law because it contradictsrights such as freedom of the press, freedom of speech and right to know. Second, it will also inhibit thedevelopment of China’s burgeoning digital economy. Therefore, the right to be forgotten should not be introducedto or even established in Chinese law at this stage.

Evaluation of joint awareness after acetabular fracture:Validation of the Forgotten Joint Score according to the COSMIN checklist protocol

BACKGROUND A fracture of the acetabulum is an uncommon,but serious injury.Established outcome tools do not reflect the patient’s perspective after fracture of the hip joint.Originally designed for post-arthroplasty patients,the Forgotten Joint Score(FJS)is a patient-reported outcome measurement(PROM)tool evaluating the diseasespecific health-related quality of life(HR-QoL).AIM To validate the FJS in patients after acetabular fracture.METHODS In a prospective mono-centric cohort study,we evaluated 100 patients at mean 5.2±3.6 years after a fracture of the acetabulum.The validation study followed the complete COSMIN checklist protocol.For calculation of convergent validity,we used the Tegner-Activity Scale,the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,the EuroQol-5D,and a subjective rating of change as an anchor variable.RESULTS We confirmed good internal consistency with a Cronbach‘s alpha of 0.95.With an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99(95%CI:0.97,0.99),test-retest reliability of the FJS was excellent.Correlation coefficients between the questionnaires were moderate to high ranging from|0.56|to|0.83|(absolute value).No relevant floor or ceiling effects occurred.Standard error of measurement was 3.2 and smallest detectable change(SDC)was 8.8.Thus,changes greater than 8.8 points between two assessments denote a real change in FJS.CONCLUSION The FJS is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of patient-reported outcome in posttraumatic condition after acetabular fracture.The SDC indicating a real clinical improvement was 8.8 points in the FJS.We could confirm responsiveness of the FJS and found no relevant floor-or ceiling effects.

On the Legislative Process of the Right to Be Forgotten

In the big data era,the pursuit of the right to be forgotten arises from the data subject’s desire to request the removal of his/her personal data.Although the right to be forgotten is hotly debated at the global level,there is a paucity of research into the legislative process of this right.This study aims to scrutinize how legislation on the right to be forgotten evolves in different countries.First,the origin and development of the right to be forgotten are expounded by analyzing the legislation on and the major legislative interpretation of the right.Second,the elements of this right are determined and examined by dissecting the right.Last but not least,the nature of this right is probed into and illustrated.It is found that the soundness of a legal framework for data protection varies from country to country,which indicates that the institutional basis for the right to be forgotten differs markedly.Thereby,countries shall decide whether to legislate to protect the right to be forgotten based on their practicalities.Moreover,according to Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR),the right to be forgotten is composed of the subject of right(data subject),the subject of obligation(data controller),the object of right(personal data),and the content of right(all links to the personal data,etc.,must be deleted by the subject of obligation at the request of the subject of right).Furthermore,there are three typical views about the nature of this right based on scholars’divergent opinions on the relationship among the right to be forgotten,personality rights,rights in personal information,and the right to privacy.It is concluded that countries that do not enjoy mature legislative conditions should not grant the right to be forgotten legal status,although it has been enshrined in law by partial countries with sound legal systems.In addition,the defects in the right’s four elements remain to be remedied before it could be legally acknowledged.Finally,the right to be forgotten,in terms of its nature,should be classified as rights in personal information,which are part of personality rights.

The Forgotten World教学软件在英语教学中的应用

新课标强调＂教师要充分利用现代化教育技术,开发英语教学资源,拓宽学生学习渠道,改进学生的学习方式,提高学生的学习效率;要利用计算机和多媒体教学设备,探索新的教学模式,促进学生的个性化学习＂。中美网络语言学习项目既是中美之间的一次文化交流活动,又是中国学生学习英语的一次重要实践活动,也是对我国中西部英语教学的一次重大改革。

Concise Aanlysis on Napoleon and his Forgotten Troop

When talking about Napoleon,people always focus on his military talent,his empire,his famous code or even his final defeat—Battle of Waterloo.Few people will remember his quest for Egypt and his mysterious‘troop’.This thesis will discuss the forgotten troop of Napoleon and its influence on the development of Egypt and the world.

The Tunbao:Ethnic Minority or Forgotten Chinese?

ＴｈｅＴｕｎｂａｏ：ＥｔｈｎｉｃＭｉｎｏｒｉｔｙｏｒＦｏｒｇｏｔｔｅｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ？￥ＣＨＩＱＩＡＮＡｖｉｓｉｔｔｏｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅｆｏｒｇｏｔ；ａｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｈａｔｔｈｒｉｖｅｗｈｅｎｔｉｍｅｆｏｒｇｅｔｓｔｈｅｍ．ＷＥＷＥＲＥｔｏ...

止血带在导航系统下行全膝关节置换的应用时机选择:一项单中心、回顾性分析

背景:传统全膝关节置换过程中应用止血带的时机已有明确报道,随着关节相关技术不断精进,导航系统下全膝关节置换应用止血带的时机却鲜有报道。目的:评估采用全程与半程止血带对Brainlab导航系统下行全膝关节置换疗效的影响。方法:回顾性分析2022年1-12月在河北省沧州中西医结合医院行导航系统下全膝关节置换患者的资料,选择符合条件的145例患者进行分析,按松开止血带时机分为全程组(n=71)和半程组(n=74)。收集患者一般资料、围术期情况、术后膝关节周围肿胀情况、下肢深静脉血栓发生情况、目测类比评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分和关节遗忘评分,评估膝关节功能并进行比较。结果与结论:①与半程组相比,全程组患者的手术时间更短、下肢深静脉血栓发生率更高、术后膝关节肿胀情况更重(P<0.001,P=0.027,P<0.001),术中出血量更少(P<0.001),但隐匿性失血量更多(P<0.001),且差异有显著性意义;②术后1周时,全程组目测类比评分高于半程组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);③术后3个月、6个月、1年两组关节遗忘评分相比,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);④提示采用导航系统行全膝关节置换的患者中,半程使用止血带隐匿性失血量少、术后患肢肿胀程度及下肢深静脉血栓发生率低,膝关节功能恢复更快。

Saving Forgotten Treasures

Restoring classic movies for modern viewers The elaborately restored version of the classic film Metropolis, directed by Fritz Lang in 1927, held its Beijing premiere on September 2. While

Gone But Not Forgotten

In recent times,two blockbusters—City of Life and Death and then John Rabe—both featuring the Nanjing Massacre in

Finding the Forgotten

A military archivist’s humanitarian mission to recover the records of missing military personnel for their families Beverly Shaver had been married just three months to 24-year-old U.S. Navy pilot James Brayton Deane Jr. when his plane was shot down off China’s east coast in 1956.

The Forgotten Dictionary

One man’s fight for a Pashto-Chinese dictionary for over 36 years对话36年编写《普什图语汉语词典》的车洪才教授Initially an English student,Che Hongcai was sent to study Pashto at the University of Kabu in Afghanistan during the Great Chinese Famine(1958-1962).Then,he was given the mission to create the first Pashto-Chinese dictionary.Strangely,the dictionary mission was'forgotten',and

侵犯个人信息行为的刑法全流程规制模式研究

在个人信息行为规制方面,我国前置法与刑法之间存在明显差异,前置法通过处理规则的设计实现了全流程规制,而刑法只能对部分不法处理行为进行惩治。此种规范格局导致法律难以衔接并形成刑法保护的盲区,不利于全面保护个人信息权益。对此,应提倡个人信息的刑法全流程规制模式,通过间接罪名适用法和法益量刑评价法对不同类型处理行为进行合理规制。通过理论维度和规范维度的证成,可以验证全流程规制模式具有可操作性。应当适用刑法合理规制非法收集行为和非法存储行为,保障前期阶段信息处理安全;适用刑法精准规制非法加工行为、非法使用行为和非法流转行为,保障中期阶段信息处理安全;运用刑法适度规制非法披露行为和非法删除行为,保障后期阶段信息处理安全。

数字时代的被遗忘权域外立法考察

数字时代下的个人信息失控风险,迫使人们创造出被遗忘权这一新兴权利予以应对。被遗忘权最先在欧盟产生雏形,2014年冈萨雷斯案后此项权利在司法上得以确认,并被2016年的《一般数据保护条例》(GDPR)所吸纳,并在后续判例中得以运用。美国对待被遗忘权态度较为审慎,加州通过立法有限地确认了此项制度。俄罗斯积极推进被遗忘权的立法,出台了专门的《被遗忘权法》并有相应的判例。日本通过司法判例率先承认被遗忘权这项新兴权利,后在立法中有限承认之。我国立法者虽未使用被遗忘权的名称,但吸纳了被遗忘权的核心精神。从各国的立法和司法实践情况看,被遗忘权的确认契合数字时代的现实需求,已得到普遍承认或采纳。

刑事诉讼中被遗忘权的国家保护义务

刑事诉讼中个人信息的处理带来了被遗忘权需求的出现,要求处理个人信息的公权力机关承担相应的被遗忘权国家保护义务。承担刑事诉讼中被遗忘权国家保护义务的主体主要是刑事诉讼中的侦查机关、起诉机关、审判机关和刑罚执行机关,也包括在具体案件中与刑事诉讼产生某种联系的行政机关或监察机关。这些义务主体履行刑事诉讼中被遗忘权国家保护义务的方式主要是删除、封存和匿名化处理。刑事诉讼中被遗忘权的国家保护义务的履行程序包括针对信息主体之申请作出回应、完成主管之特定机构针对信息主体之投诉而作出的指令两个阶段,义务的主体在不履行义务的情形下需承担相应的行政或纪律责任。

未成年人个人信息保护的现实困境与路径优化

大数据时代,个人信息保护越来越为人们所关注。未成年人作为特殊主体,对其个人信息及隐私的保护具有重要现实价值。虽然我国已有了初步的立法规则构建,但是在实践中仍然存在对未成年人敏感信息的年龄划分界定不清、监护人同意规则不足、未成年人被遗忘权本土化的现实困境。结合域外国家最新立法及我国相关司法实践,以坚持最有利于未成年人原则为基础,需要对未成年人年龄标准进行三阶段界分、提出监护人同意规则的未来出路、完善我国未成年人被遗忘权保护制度,以此优化我国未成年人个人信息的法律保护。

区块链技术和个人信息权利之冲突与消融

区块链技术的不可篡改性与更正权、被遗忘权、数据可携带权等个人信息新式权利存有抵牾,可能会违背数据最小化等个人信息基本原则,导致区块链技术存在合规难题,直接制约着区块链技术的发展与创新。为寻找区块链技术与个人信息权利的兼容方案,学界的既有研究思路,多属于修正区块链核心技术优势以适应滞后法律规则的区块链改造论,会遮蔽区块链的信任基础和技术优势。应转变思路选择法律适应论,最彻底的方案是革新个人信息的法律规则,构筑区块链豁免机制;相对缓和的方案是,在法律修订前,可借助目的解释论,对被遗忘权作软化解释、对匿名数据作扩大解释、对告知同意作重新解释等,推动区块链与个人信息权利的适度兼容。