Since children, as a rule, have more free time than adults, it is adults＇ responsibility to provide children with a chance to spend the time of relaxation, play, and fun in a beneficial way. Unfortunately, children＇...Since children, as a rule, have more free time than adults, it is adults＇ responsibility to provide children with a chance to spend the time of relaxation, play, and fun in a beneficial way. Unfortunately, children＇s spare time is nowadays very frequently organized for the sake of brushing up children＇s knowledge, skills, and competences, which is accomplished by means of escalating extra-curriculum activities. When expressed by teacher and parents, these ambition-related attitudes pave the way for the disappearance of children＇s personal interests and motivations to perform complicated tasks which are perceived as unwanted or obscure by the affected children themselves. This form of adults＇ behavior may lead to the feelings of frustration, stress, demotivation, or rebellion on behalf of their children. The said emotional states, especially in relation to the lack of spontaneous play, give rise to serious psychic dysfunctions, and the instability of children＇s psychic balance. It may also pave the way for various forms of destructive behavior that mostly characterize children of younger school age who are about to start schooling.展开更多
Caregivers who contribute to health care of their patients are significantly more likely to experience emotional difficulty,physical difficulty,and financial difficulty,than caregivers who do not contribute.This study...Caregivers who contribute to health care of their patients are significantly more likely to experience emotional difficulty,physical difficulty,and financial difficulty,than caregivers who do not contribute.This study aimed to examine the effects of free time on health-related quality of life among elderly caregivers of dementia patients.In the intervention group,caregivers set aside free time every 30 minutes three times a week,while continuing to care for patients.During the free time,caregivers were free to spend time at home and do whatever they wanted.The control group received only usual care.The intervention period was six months.The Vitality subscale score of the SF-36 decreased significantly in the intervention group,despite more than half(57.1%)of participants showing improvements or no change in the rank of this subscale relative to baseline,as assessed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test(not significant).Caregivers indicated that daily caregiving resulted in an accumulation of physical fatigue,and they continued to have little mental leeway.Caregivers also had difficulty securing free time,which may have hindered improvements to their vitality.There is a need to develop a home-based program that can alleviate caregiver stress and improve their quality of life.展开更多
Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with ...Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with that of the baroclinic one. The baroclinic equation has three–time–level structure because of leapfrog scheme. The barotropic one, however, has two–time–level structure when represented in terms of the baroclinic time level, on which the baroclinic one is integrated. This incompatibility results in the splitting errors as shown in this paper. The proper split time stepping is therefore proposed in such a way that the compatibility is kept between the barotropic and baroclinic equations. Its splitting errors are shown extremely small, so that it is particularly relevant to long–term integration for climate studies. It is applied to a free–surface model for the North Pacific Ocean.展开更多
This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from s...This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from six plants of sugarcane ROC22, which had been confirmed RSD-positive by detecting the sugarcane juice, by employing the sugarcane seedlings production protocol. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect RSD pathogens in tissue culture sam- pies. The results showed that target fragment of RSD pathogens was not found in all 10 samples in real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, with the Ct values of 37 - 39. The healthy tissue culture sugarcane seedlings do not carry RSD pathogens, indicating that adopting healthy seedcane seedlings production technique could thoroughly get rid of RSD pathogens.展开更多
The present paper deals with the numerical solution of time-fractional partial differential equations using the element-free Galerkin （EFG） method, which is based on the moving least-square approximation. Compared w...The present paper deals with the numerical solution of time-fractional partial differential equations using the element-free Galerkin （EFG） method, which is based on the moving least-square approximation. Compared with numerical methods based on meshes, the EFG method for time-fractional partial differential equations needs only scattered nodes instead of meshing the domain of the problem. It neither requires element connectivity nor suffers much degradation in accuracy when nodal arrangements are very irregular. In this method, the first-order time derivative is replaced by the Caputo fractional derivative of order α（0 〈 α≤ 1）. The Galerkin weak form is used to obtain the discrete equations, and the essential boundary conditions are enforced by the penalty method. Several numerical examples are presented and the results we obtained are in good agreement with the exact solutions.展开更多
文摘Since children, as a rule, have more free time than adults, it is adults＇ responsibility to provide children with a chance to spend the time of relaxation, play, and fun in a beneficial way. Unfortunately, children＇s spare time is nowadays very frequently organized for the sake of brushing up children＇s knowledge, skills, and competences, which is accomplished by means of escalating extra-curriculum activities. When expressed by teacher and parents, these ambition-related attitudes pave the way for the disappearance of children＇s personal interests and motivations to perform complicated tasks which are perceived as unwanted or obscure by the affected children themselves. This form of adults＇ behavior may lead to the feelings of frustration, stress, demotivation, or rebellion on behalf of their children. The said emotional states, especially in relation to the lack of spontaneous play, give rise to serious psychic dysfunctions, and the instability of children＇s psychic balance. It may also pave the way for various forms of destructive behavior that mostly characterize children of younger school age who are about to start schooling.
文摘Caregivers who contribute to health care of their patients are significantly more likely to experience emotional difficulty,physical difficulty,and financial difficulty,than caregivers who do not contribute.This study aimed to examine the effects of free time on health-related quality of life among elderly caregivers of dementia patients.In the intervention group,caregivers set aside free time every 30 minutes three times a week,while continuing to care for patients.During the free time,caregivers were free to spend time at home and do whatever they wanted.The control group received only usual care.The intervention period was six months.The Vitality subscale score of the SF-36 decreased significantly in the intervention group,despite more than half(57.1%)of participants showing improvements or no change in the rank of this subscale relative to baseline,as assessed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test(not significant).Caregivers indicated that daily caregiving resulted in an accumulation of physical fatigue,and they continued to have little mental leeway.Caregivers also had difficulty securing free time,which may have hindered improvements to their vitality.There is a need to develop a home-based program that can alleviate caregiver stress and improve their quality of life.
基金Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. 0300YQ000101. Partly supported by the National Natural Sci
文摘Errors due to split time stepping are discussed for an explicit free–surface ocean model. In commonly used split time stepping, the way of time integration for the barotropic momentum equation is not compatible with that of the baroclinic one. The baroclinic equation has three–time–level structure because of leapfrog scheme. The barotropic one, however, has two–time–level structure when represented in terms of the baroclinic time level, on which the baroclinic one is integrated. This incompatibility results in the splitting errors as shown in this paper. The proper split time stepping is therefore proposed in such a way that the compatibility is kept between the barotropic and baroclinic equations. Its splitting errors are shown extremely small, so that it is particularly relevant to long–term integration for climate studies. It is applied to a free–surface model for the North Pacific Ocean.
基金Supported by Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Guangxi Sugarcane Research Institute(G2009006,G2010006,G2009015)Sci-tech Research and Development Program of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(200805)
文摘This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from six plants of sugarcane ROC22, which had been confirmed RSD-positive by detecting the sugarcane juice, by employing the sugarcane seedlings production protocol. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect RSD pathogens in tissue culture sam- pies. The results showed that target fragment of RSD pathogens was not found in all 10 samples in real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, with the Ct values of 37 - 39. The healthy tissue culture sugarcane seedlings do not carry RSD pathogens, indicating that adopting healthy seedcane seedlings production technique could thoroughly get rid of RSD pathogens.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11072117)the Natural Science Foundationof Zhejiang Province,China(Grant Nos.Y6110007and Y6110502)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China
文摘The present paper deals with the numerical solution of time-fractional partial differential equations using the element-free Galerkin （EFG） method, which is based on the moving least-square approximation. Compared with numerical methods based on meshes, the EFG method for time-fractional partial differential equations needs only scattered nodes instead of meshing the domain of the problem. It neither requires element connectivity nor suffers much degradation in accuracy when nodal arrangements are very irregular. In this method, the first-order time derivative is replaced by the Caputo fractional derivative of order α（0 〈 α≤ 1）. The Galerkin weak form is used to obtain the discrete equations, and the essential boundary conditions are enforced by the penalty method. Several numerical examples are presented and the results we obtained are in good agreement with the exact solutions.
