Analysis on the gender-specific risk factors of new-onset cerebral hemorrhage

Objective To explore the gender-specific risk factors of new-onset cerebral hemorrhage.Methods In this prospective cohort study,a total of 98 961 participants((51.1±12.6)years old),who underwent from 2006 to 2007 physical examination and met the inclusion criteria,were enrolled from the Kailuanstudy cohort.There were 78908(79.7%)male,and 20 053(20.3%)female.The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was observed once per year until December 31,2016.The difference on the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage between male and female was compared.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage events among different genders.Results The participants were followed up for(10.00±0.73)years,and 860 cerebral hemorrhage events were recorded during follow up.The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in the population was 86.90/10 million person years(standardized incidence rate of 47.85/10 million person years).The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher in male(49.61/10 million person years)than in female(34.07/10 million person years,P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 45-59 years old,≥60 years old,diabetes,and waist-hipratio were more strongly related to new-onset of cerebral hemorrhage events in female than in male,and the hazard ratios(95% CI)were 2.33(1.23-4.43),2.71(1.30-5.66),2.16(1.24-3.74)and 8.79(1.42-54.32)in female versus 1.55(1.21-1.97),2.16(1.68-2.78),1.19(0.93-1.53)and 3.21(1.09-9.41)in male,respectively.The risk of male cerebral hemorrhage increased by 29%(HR=1.29,95% CI 1.19-1.40)in male and 24%(HR=1.24,95% CI 1.20-1.28)in female,when the systolic blood pressure increased 10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa).Conclusion The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is higher in male than in female in this cohort.The association between systolic blood pressure and cerebral hemorrhage is stronger in male than that in female.The associations between age,waist-hip ratio,diabetes and cerebral hemorrhage are stronger in female than in male.

β-Estradiol 17-acetate enhances the in vitro vitality of endothelial cells isolated from the brain of patients subjected to neurosurgery

In the current landscape of endothelial cell isolation for building in vitro models of the blood-brain barrier,our work moves towards reproducing the features of the neurovascular unit to achieve glial compliance through an innovative biomimetic coating technology for brain chronic implants.We hypothesized that the autologous origin of human brain mic rovascular endothelial cells(hBMECs)is the first requirement for the suitable coating to prevent the glial inflammato ry response trigge red by foreign neuroprosthetics.Therefo re,this study established a new procedure to preserve the in vitro viability of hBMECs isolated from gray and white matter specimens taken from neurosurge ry patients.Culturing adult hBMECs is generally considered a challenging task due to the difficult survival ex vivo and progressive reduction in proliferation of these cells.The addition of 10 nMβ-estradiol 17-acetate to the hBMEC culture medium was found to be an essential and discriminating factor promoting adhesion and proliferation both after isolation and thawing,suppo rting the well-known protective role played by estrogens on microvessels.In particular,β-estradiol 17-acetate was critical for both freshly isolated and thawed female-derived hBMECs,while it was not necessary for freshly isolated male-derived hBMECs;however,it did countera ct the decay in the viability of the latter after thawing.The tumo r-free hBMECs were thus cultured for up to 2 months and their growth efficiency was assessed befo re and after two periods of cryopreservation.Des pite the thermal stress,the hBMECs remained viable and suitable for re-freezing and storage for several months.This approach increasing in vitro viability of hBMECs opens new perspectives for the use of cryopreserved autologous hBMECs as biomimetic therapeutic tools,offering the potential to avoid additional surgical sampling for each patient.

Feminists＇ Culture and Ethics at Work-- A Critical Analysis

The male writers＇ intuitive gift and superb insight describe feminine characters, feminine nature, femaleness, and femininity. In the 19th century, the study of the character logical portrait and cultural traits associated with femininity enunciated feminists＇ discourse to justify vindication of rights as regards women＇s cultural anxiety, political identification, and aesthetic experimentation. Similarly, the women writers＇ imaginative powers characterize women＇s emotions either reflecting shrinking subjectivity or elaborating notion of voluntary subjectivity as regards their experiences and existence, their passions and sensations, and their self and life. The 20th century women＇s writings raised inquiry against presentation of gendered self, performance of gender, gender discontent as regards with their sex and gender, which are assigned at birth as well as also for the alignment of biological sex, sexuality, gender identity, and gender roles. In this paper, the study of the four selected novels such as The Scarlet Letter, Tess of the D ＇Urbervilles, Emma, Surfacing, and Inner Line shows how circumstances, strata of time, and externalities of others objectify woman and her domestic space; how a woman perceives her deprivation as regards her own image which seems nobody to herself due to the sense of low perception; in what way sexual difference and gender-specific practices and ideology enforce woman to chide herself in the given environment and surroundings of legal codifications, moral prescriptions, and medical prognostications. The analyses of the novels draw how woman＇s experience as living subject in the vital dimension of human existence and utopian image of human fellowship is potentially undone by way of sexual exploitation, dismemberment, and embodiment. What kind of vulnerable moments force woman to withdraw from her body and fi＇om her essence is the center of concern in this paper？ While discussing the feminists＇ culture and ethics in their works, the focus is on the essentialized notion of gender-specific discrimination as well as on the frustrating double-consciousness that characterizes the cultural position of the other.