Rectal perforations and fistulae secondary to a glycerin enema:Closure by over-the-scope-clip

Rectal perforations due to glycerin enemas(GE) typically occur when the patient is in a seated or lordotic standing position.Once the perforation occurs and peritonitis results,death is usually inevitable.We describe two cases of rectal perforation and fistula caused by a GE.An 88-year-old woman presented with a large rectal perforation and a fistula just after receiving a GE.Her case was further complicated by an abscess in the right rectal wall.The second patient was a 78-year-old woman who suffered from a rectovesical fistula after a GE.In both cases,we performed direct endoscopic abscess lavage with a saline solution and closed the fistula using an over-the-scope-clip(OTSC) procedure.These procedures resulted in dramatic improvement in both patients.Direct endoscopic lavage and OTSC closure are very useful for pararectal abscess lavage and fistula closure,respectively,in elderly patients who are in poor general condition.Our two cases are the first reports of the successful endoscopic closure of fistulae using double OTSCs after endoscopic lavage of the debris and an abscess of the rectum secondary to a GE.

N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate and hypertonic glucose with 72% chromated glycerin in gastric varices

cyanoacrylate and a mixture of 72% chromated glycerinwith hypertonic glucose solution in management ofgastric varices.METHODS： Ninety patients with gastric varicespresented to Endoscopy Unit of Ain Shams UniversityHospital were included. They were randomly allocatedinto three groups; each group included 30 patients treatedwith intravariceal sclerosant injections in biweeklysessions till complete obturation of gastric varices;Group I （n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Histoacryl？）, GroupII （iso-amyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Amcrylate？） and GroupIII （mixture of 72% chromated glycerin; Scleremo？with glucose solution 25%）. All the procedures wereperformed electively without active bleeding. Recruitedpatients were followed up for 3 mo.RESULTS： 26% of Scleremo group had bleeding duringpuncture vs 3.3% in each of the other two groups withsignificant difference, （P 〈 0.05）. None of Scleremogroup had needle obstruction vs 13.3% in each of theother two groups with no significant difference, （P 〉0.05）. Rebleeding occurred in 13.3% of Histoacryl andAmcrylate groups vs 0% in Scleremo group with nosignificant difference. The in hospital mortality was 6.6%in both Histoacryl and Amcrylate groups, while it was0% in Scleremo group with no significant difference. Inthe first and second sessions, the amount of Scleremoneeded for obturation was significantly high, while the amount of Histoacryl was significantly low. Scleremo was the less costly of the two treatments. CONCLUSION： All used sclerosant substances showed efficacy and success in management of gastric varices with no significant differences except in total amount,cost and bleeding during puncture.

Glycerin Monostearate Aggravates Male Reproductive Toxicity Caused by Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate in Rats

Human beings are increasingly exposed to phthalates,which are a group of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible and harder to break,and simultaneously ingesting abundant food emulsifiers via daily diet.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the food emulsifier glycerin monostearate(GMS)on male reproductive toxicity caused by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP,one of the phthalates)and explore the underlying mechanism.Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,DEHP group and DEHP+GMS group.Rats in the DEHP group and DEHP+GMS group were orally administered with 200 mg/kg/d DEHP with or without 20 mg/kg/d GMS.After 30 days of continuous intervention,it was found that the serum testosterone level was significantly lowered in DEHP group and DEHP+GMS group than that in control group(P<0.01).The serum testosterone level and the relative testis weight were significantly decreased in the DEHP+GMS group as compared with those in the DEHP group and control group(P<0.05).More spermatids were observed to be shed off in DEHP+GMS group than in DEHP group.The expression levels of cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1(Chkl),cell division cycle gene 2(Cdc2),and cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2)were down-regulated in DEHP group,and this tendency was more significant in DEHP+GMS group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the P-glycoprotein(P-gp)expression between DEHP group and control group.However,P-gp was markedly down-regulated in DEHP+GMS group(P<O.Ol).The results indicated that the food emulsifier GMS aggravated the toxicity of DEHP on male reproduction by inhibiting the cell cycle of testicular cells and the expression of P-gp in testis tissues.

Deformation fixation, mechanical properties and chemical analysis of compressed Populus cathayana wood pretreated by glycerin

In order to find an effective and environmentally friendly method to fix compressive deformation of wood, we determined or measured the recovery ratio, surface hardness, modulus of elasticity （MOE） and the modulus of rupture （MOR） of poplar （Populus cathayana Rehd.） samples pretreated by 40-60% glycerin solutions and then compressed at 160℃ for 10-120 min. We analyzed the data statistically by using two-factor analysis of variance. The chemical compositions of thermal treated wood were also analyzed and compared with untreated control samples. The results showed that the compressive deformation of wood can be properly fixed by glycerin pretreatment. The recovery ratio of compressed wood decreased with prolonging compression time and increasing concent-ration of the glycerin solution. However, the mechanical properties of compressed wood decreased after a long time of compression. The optimal fixation of compressive deformation is to pretreat the wood by a solution of 50% glycerin and compression at 160℃ for 60 min. The analysis of chemical composition showed that glycerin displayed an accelerating effect on degradation of hemicelluloses and lignin during heat-treatment, which explains the main reason of the effect of acceleration of glycerin on deformation fixation of compressed wood.

Dust Suppression with Glycerin from Biodiesel Production: A Review

An increasing number of countries and areas in the world suffer from either natural or anthropogenic dust, which results in a serious hazard with respect to the environment and to personal health and safety. This paper reviews and summa- rizes open literature involving the use of glycerin in dust control applications. Glycerin, a by-product from biodiesel manufacturing, has been evaluated for dust suppressant performance when applied alone as aqueous solutions, or in combinations with surfactants, polymers, or other chemicals. There are reports indicating that glycerin is effective in some dust suppression applications, although details about its use and performance metrics are generally lacking. Re- cent growth of the biodiesel industry has significantly increased the supply of crude glycerin, making it an economically attractive material for use in dust suppression. This paper also highlights several environmental accidents caused by irresponsible discharges of crude glycerin, and points out the need to understand environmental consequences of gly- cerin and its impurities when used in dust suppression applications.

Drug-Excipient Interaction of Methylphenidate with Glycerin in Methylphenidate Oral Solution and Identification of its Transesterification Products by UPLC-MS/MS

Reactions between active drug substances and excipients are of interest in the drug formulation process should be checked for the interactions during the storage conditions. Some excipients react with certain chemical groups in drug substances which will form new impurities in the finished product formulations. In the present paper transesterification reaction of methylphenidate with glycerin to form different structural isomeric products was described. These impurities identified in forced degradation studies, excipient compatibility studies and stability analysis of the finished product. Stability samples were analyzed and observed that about ~0.6% of the Methylphenidate content was transformed into methylphenidate-glycerin isomers within 3 Months at 40&deg;C/75% RH and 18 Months at 25&deg;C/60% RH conditions. Analysis of two lots of marketed preparations having expiry dates in 2012 and 2013 showed content of the Methylphenidate esters corresponding to ~0.6% of the declared Methylphenidate content. The samples of this impurity were investigated by HPLC, UPLC-MS/MS to generate the mechanism of the impurity formation.

Photopolymerization of Glycerin Triglycidyl Ether Based Systems

Photopolymerization process of glycerin triglycidyl ether based systems was studied by an FT-IR spectrometer.An increase in the rate of polymerization for glycerin triglycidyl ether was evident when 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3＇,4＇-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate was added to it.Its copolymerization mechanism was confirmed by using DSC analysis.The effect of ethoxylated trimethyol propane triacrylate on the rate of polymerization for glycerin triglycidyl ether was also studied,and the formation of interpenetrating network tightly cross-link was proposed.

LARGELY IMPROVED TENSILE PROPERTIES OF POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) BY USING GLYCERIN

In order to improve the tensile properties of poly（ethylene terephthalate）（PET）, we used the direct esterification method to synthesize PET in a home-made facility, and a certain amount of ethylene glycol （EG）, one of the two starting monomers, was substituted by glycerin （GE）. Four PETs with different GE contents were prepared to investigate the effect of GE on the crystallization and tensile properties of the prepared copolyester. The results showed largely improved tensile properties and increased crystallization temperature due to the possible crosslinking structure in PET by using a small amount of GE.

Decomposition of Glycerine by Water Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure

High concentration of aqueous glycerine was decomposed using a direct current （DC） plasma torch at atmospheric pressure. The torch can generate the plasma with water as the plasma-supporting gas in the absence of any additionM gas supply system and cooling devices. The results indicated that 5 mol% glycerine was completely decomposed by water plasmas at arc powers of 0.55~1.05 kW. The major products in the effluent gas were H2 （68.9%~71.1%）, CO2 （18.9%~23.0%）, and CO （0.2%~0.6%）. However, trace levels of formic acid （HCOOH） and formaldehyde （HCHO） were observed in the liquid effluent. The results indicated that the water plasma waste treatment process is capable of being an alternative green technology for organic waste decomposition.

Effectiveness of Magnesium Sulphate with Glycerin Dressing versus Heparinoid Ointment Application on Management of Phlebitis among Patients Admitted in Selected Wards of BPKIHS

Background: Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. If left untreated may lead to infection or thrombus formation. Early detection and appropriate interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of cannula related phlebitis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing as compared to heparinoid ointment application on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis. Materials and Methods: A Quasi-experimental design was carried among admitted patients in Medical-Surgical Units of BPKIHS. Out among 50 admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis. Simple random sampling technique was used to allocate the wards to each interventional group and purposive sampling technique to select samples where instruments baseline Performa and observation scale was used to collect data. Results: The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both interventions. Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Regarding effectiveness, there was a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score in both experimental groups after comparison baseline within 8, 16, 32, 40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). The mean visual infusion scale score was more in MSG group as compared with that of HPA group. It shows that there is more reduction of VIP score in Magnesium sulphate with glycerin (MSG) group. Conclusion: In the research, study findings revealed that Magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing is more effective than heparinoid ointment on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis.

Study of the Addition Effect of Glycerin Originated from Biodiesel Production at Compressive Strengh of Concrete

The residues generated by big industries are directly and gradually impacting the environment,and some of these have not been fully tapped in a proper destiny.Therefore,some researches and studies about minimalizing the residue’s disposal become viable.The biodiesel industries have been producing increasingly glycerin as the main residue.Based on that,it is considered as a good option of the reutilization of this material,for example,the merging at the concrete’s production.Considering this argument,the addition’s effects of glycerin were evaluated as well as the influence of its adding at the compressive strength.The proof-bodies were formulated according to the trace in proportion of 1:1:2(cement,sand and gravel,respectively)and 0.4 L of glycerin added at the final trace.On the bases of the survey results,it was verified that the proof-bodies without the addition of glycerin presented average mechanical resistance of 12.2±1.95 MPa after twenty eight(28)days of curing,and mechanical resistance of the proof-bodies with the addition achieved resistance of 26.2±1.62 MPa,suggesting influence on the hydration kinetics of the concrete.

Equilibrium Phase Behavior of Ethylene Glycol/Glycerin＋RbNO3/CsNO3＋H2O at 288.15 and 298.15 K

The solubilities, densities and refractive indices for the four ternary systems ethylene glycol/glycerin＋ RbNOJCsNO3＋H20 were measured with mass fractions of ethylene glycol or glycerin in a range of 0 to 1.0 at 288.15 and 298.15 K. In all the cases, the presence of either ethylene glycol or glycerin significantly reduces the solubilities of the rubidium nitrate and cesium nitrate in aqueous solution, but the refractive indices increase with the increase of mass fraction of either ethylene glycol or glycerin. The density, refractive index and solubility of the saturated ternary systems were correlated with each other via polynomial equations. In addition, the refractive indices and densities of unsaturated solutions were also determined for the four ternary systems with different salt concentrations, which were correlated with the salt concentration and proportion of ethylene glycol or glycerin in the solution.

Prophylaxis and Therapy of Isaria felina on Acute Renal Failure Induced by Glycerin in Rats

Objective To evaluate the prophylaxis and therapy of Isaria felina(IF) on glycerin-induced acute renal failure(ARF) in rats.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control,model,Uremic Clearance Granule(UCG,positive control),high-and low-dose IF groups.Rats in the high-and low-dose IF groups were ig administered with 200 and 100 mg/kg IF,respectively,while rats were ig administered with 3.6 g/kg UCG successively for 7 d to establish UCG group.The rats in model,control,and drug-treated groups were im injected with 8 mL/kg 50% glycerin after drinking was quitted for 24 h to induce ARF in rats.The drugs were continued to give thereafter.The level of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine(SCr) were determined 24 and 72 h after the injection of glycerin,also the kidney was dissected for pathology examination.Results Im injection with 8 mL/kg 50% glycerin could successfully induce ARF in rats.The dose of 200 mg/kg IF could reduce the high levels of BUN and SCr,and ameliorate the pathological damage of the kidney.Conclusion IF has good protective and therapeutic effects on ARF and it is a potential and valuable Chinese herb for ARF.

Process study on adsorption of glycerin from saline wastewater by strong base anion resin

A physicochemical method was used to adsorb glycerin in saline wastewater by strong base anion resin(D201).Boric acid,a kind of weak acid,can combine with glycerin,and a specific complex can be produced,which possess bigger molecule than glycerin.Then,this specific complex could be adsorbed by strong base anion resin.Via the experiment,the equation of adsorption isotherm with D201 at 20℃ can be shown by lgx/m=1.74lgCe–5.72;for column test with simulative glycerin wastewater,the treatment capability was more than nine bed volumes,and 39.77 mg glycerin could be removed by per gram resin.When the NaCl concentration was 10 g/L,five bed volumes of simulative wastewater could be treated,and the adsorb mass was 29.09 mg/g.When the NaCl concentration was 30 g/L,only three bed volumes of simulative wastewater could be treated,and the adsorb mass was 14.83 mg/g.

Food emulsifier glycerin monostearate aggravates phthalates'testicular toxicity by disrupting tight junctions'barrier function in rats

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the effect of the widely used food emulsifier glycerin monostearate(GM)on testicular toxicity caused by the mixture of three commonly used phthalate esters(MPEs)in rats,and further to explore the underlying mechanism.Materials and Methods:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups.Rats were orally treated with 160 mg/kg/d MPEs in the MPEs group;coinstantaneously treated with 160 mg/kg/d MPEs and 200 mg/kg/d GM in the MPEs+GM group;and treated with the excipient in the control group.The intervention lasted for 5 weeks.Testis weight,epididymis weight,testicular histopathology,and serum testosterone were detected for testicular toxicity evaluation.The testicular ultrastructure,the tight junction proteins zonula occluden(ZO)-1,and claudin were measured for the mechanism exploration.Results:The body weight,epididymis,serum testosterone level,and anogenital distance in the MPEs+GM group were significantly decreased compared with control group(P<0.05);Testicular histopathological observation showed that shed spermatids were observed in the MPEs+GM group.Ultrastructural observation of testicular cells showed that the cristae number was decreased in some mitochondria in the MPEs group,whereas the cristae were fused and disappeared in most mitochondria in the MPEs+GM group.The tight junctions were broken in the MPEs+GM group;meanwhile,the expression of ZO-1 and claudin were altered in the MPEs+GM group(P<0.01).Conclusions:The results from this study indicated that GM aggravated MPEs'testicular toxicity,which might relate to the injured mitochondria and damaged tight junctions in testicular tissue.

3D打印工艺参数对PLA/PTW共混物力学性能影响的研究

采用3D打印中的熔融沉积成型(FDM)工艺制备了聚乳酸/乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PLA/PTW),通过单因素实验探究了3D打印工艺参数(喷头温度、打印平台温度和打印速度)对PLA/PTW共混物力学性能的影响,并在此基础上设计了三因素三水平正交实验,优化了3D打印的工艺参数。结果表明,共混物的冲击强度和拉伸强度均随喷头温度的增加呈现先上升后下降、均随打印平台温度的增加而增加、均随打印速度的增加出现下降的趋势。各工艺参数对PLA/PTW共混物综合力学性能的影响从大到小依次为:喷头温度、打印速度、打印平台温度,且当喷头温度为210℃、打印平台温度为80℃以及打印速度为40 mm/s时,打印出的PLA/PTW共混物的综合力学性能最佳。

An Environmentally Friendly UV High Absorption Lignin Sunscreen

Suncream prevents ultraviolet light from harming the skin, and it has been super competitive in recent years. Traditional sunscreens were not environmentally friendly, especially for marine animals. In contrast, suncream made from lignin is natural, which is highly connected with “environmental protection”, sometimes, suncream may not be smooth enough for the skin. In this study, a functional suncream with robust UV absorption and environmental friendliness was achieved by regulating the quantity of lignin, which has an important prospect and market in cosmetics.