BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major health challenge with high incidence and poor survival rates in China.Systemic therapies,particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),are the first-line treatment fo...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major health challenge with high incidence and poor survival rates in China.Systemic therapies,particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),are the first-line treatment for advanced HCC,but resistance is common.The Rho GTPase family member Rho GTPase activating protein 12(ARHGAP12),which regulates cell adhesion and invasion,is a potential therapeutic target for overcoming TKI resistance in HCC.However,no studies on the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC and its role in resistance to TKIs have been reported.AIM To unveil the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC,its role in TKI resistance and its potential associated pathways.METHODS This study used single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to evaluate ARHGAP12 mRNA levels and explored its mechanisms through enrichment analysis.CellChat was used to investigate focal adhesion(FA)pathway regulation.We integrated bulk RNA data(RNA-seq and microarray),immunohistochemistry and proteomics to analyze ARHGAP12 mRNA and protein levels,correlating with clinical outcomes.We assessed ARHGAP12 expression in TKI-resistant HCC,integrated conventional HCC to explore its mechanism,identified intersecting FA pathway genes with scRNA-seq data and evaluated its response to TKI and immunotherapy.RESULTS ARHGAP12 mRNA was found to be highly expressed in malignant hepatocytes and to regulate FA.In malignant hepatocytes in high-score FA groups,MDK-[integrin alpha 6(ITGA6)+integrinβ-1(ITGB1)]showed specificity in ligand-receptor interactions.ARHGAP12 mRNA and protein were upregulated in bulk RNA,immunohistochemistry and proteomics,and higher expression was associated with a worse prognosis.ARHGAP12 was also found to be a TKI resistance gene that regulated the FA pathway.ITGB1 was identified as a crossover gene in the FA pathway in both scRNA-seq and bulk RNA.High expression of ARHGAP12 was associated with adverse reactions to sorafenib,cabozantinib and regorafenib,but not to immunotherapy.CONCLUSION ARHGAP12 expression is elevated in HCC and TKI-resistant HCC,and its regulatory role in FA may underlie the TKI-resistant phenotype.展开更多
目的:探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)细胞分裂蛋白质FtsZ(PgFtsZ)的GTPase活性的热稳定性,阐明PgFtsZ的生物化学特性,为牙周病的治疗提供实验依据。方法:采用Malachite green assay法检测GTPase的活性,活性测定蛋白质为重组野生型PgFtsZ(WtPgFt...目的:探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)细胞分裂蛋白质FtsZ(PgFtsZ)的GTPase活性的热稳定性,阐明PgFtsZ的生物化学特性,为牙周病的治疗提供实验依据。方法:采用Malachite green assay法检测GTPase的活性,活性测定蛋白质为重组野生型PgFtsZ(WtPgFtsZ)和4种重组C末端缺失变异型PgFtsZ,即ZΔC01(C末端缺失73个氨基酸残基)、ZΔC02(C末端缺失128个氨基酸残基)、ZΔC03(C末端缺失177个氨基酸残基)和ZΔC04(C末端缺失233个氨基酸残基),各种PgFtsZ在未经处理时及煮沸加热处理5和10min后检测GTPase的酶活力值。结果:重组ZΔC04GTPase的活性在煮沸加热处理5和10min时均比未加热处理时的酶活性增加(P<0.05),重组WtPgFtsZ、ZΔC01、ZΔC02和ZΔC03在煮沸加热处理5min时GTPase的活性均较未煮沸加热处理时的活性增加(P<0.05),但进一步煮沸加热处理10min时,其GTPase的活性与未加热处理时相似。结论:Pg FtsZ是一种耐热蛋白质,并且C末端缺失233个氨基酸残基的缺失变异型ZΔC04表现出更强的耐热性能。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260581Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Committee Scientific Research Project,No.Z20201147+3 种基金Guangxi Medical University Education and Teaching Reform Project,No.2021XJGA02Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project of Guangxi Higher Education,No.2023JGB163Guangxi Medical University Teacher Teaching Ability Development Project,No.2202JFA20China Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,No.S202310598170.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major health challenge with high incidence and poor survival rates in China.Systemic therapies,particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),are the first-line treatment for advanced HCC,but resistance is common.The Rho GTPase family member Rho GTPase activating protein 12(ARHGAP12),which regulates cell adhesion and invasion,is a potential therapeutic target for overcoming TKI resistance in HCC.However,no studies on the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC and its role in resistance to TKIs have been reported.AIM To unveil the expression of ARHGAP12 in HCC,its role in TKI resistance and its potential associated pathways.METHODS This study used single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to evaluate ARHGAP12 mRNA levels and explored its mechanisms through enrichment analysis.CellChat was used to investigate focal adhesion(FA)pathway regulation.We integrated bulk RNA data(RNA-seq and microarray),immunohistochemistry and proteomics to analyze ARHGAP12 mRNA and protein levels,correlating with clinical outcomes.We assessed ARHGAP12 expression in TKI-resistant HCC,integrated conventional HCC to explore its mechanism,identified intersecting FA pathway genes with scRNA-seq data and evaluated its response to TKI and immunotherapy.RESULTS ARHGAP12 mRNA was found to be highly expressed in malignant hepatocytes and to regulate FA.In malignant hepatocytes in high-score FA groups,MDK-[integrin alpha 6(ITGA6)+integrinβ-1(ITGB1)]showed specificity in ligand-receptor interactions.ARHGAP12 mRNA and protein were upregulated in bulk RNA,immunohistochemistry and proteomics,and higher expression was associated with a worse prognosis.ARHGAP12 was also found to be a TKI resistance gene that regulated the FA pathway.ITGB1 was identified as a crossover gene in the FA pathway in both scRNA-seq and bulk RNA.High expression of ARHGAP12 was associated with adverse reactions to sorafenib,cabozantinib and regorafenib,but not to immunotherapy.CONCLUSION ARHGAP12 expression is elevated in HCC and TKI-resistant HCC,and its regulatory role in FA may underlie the TKI-resistant phenotype.
文摘目的:探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)细胞分裂蛋白质FtsZ(PgFtsZ)的GTPase活性的热稳定性,阐明PgFtsZ的生物化学特性,为牙周病的治疗提供实验依据。方法:采用Malachite green assay法检测GTPase的活性,活性测定蛋白质为重组野生型PgFtsZ(WtPgFtsZ)和4种重组C末端缺失变异型PgFtsZ,即ZΔC01(C末端缺失73个氨基酸残基)、ZΔC02(C末端缺失128个氨基酸残基)、ZΔC03(C末端缺失177个氨基酸残基)和ZΔC04(C末端缺失233个氨基酸残基),各种PgFtsZ在未经处理时及煮沸加热处理5和10min后检测GTPase的酶活力值。结果:重组ZΔC04GTPase的活性在煮沸加热处理5和10min时均比未加热处理时的酶活性增加(P<0.05),重组WtPgFtsZ、ZΔC01、ZΔC02和ZΔC03在煮沸加热处理5min时GTPase的活性均较未煮沸加热处理时的活性增加(P<0.05),但进一步煮沸加热处理10min时,其GTPase的活性与未加热处理时相似。结论:Pg FtsZ是一种耐热蛋白质,并且C末端缺失233个氨基酸残基的缺失变异型ZΔC04表现出更强的耐热性能。
