Temperature-regulation liquid gating membrane with controllable gas/liquid separation

Membrane separation technology with the ability to regulate gas/liquid transport and separation is critical for environmental fields, such as sewerage treatment, multiphase separation, and desalination. Although numerous membranes can dynamically control liquid-phase fluids transport via external stimuli, the transport and separation of gas-phase fluids remains a challenge. Here, we show a temperature-regulation liquid gating membrane that allows in-situ dynamically controllable gas/liquid transfer and multiphase separation by integrating a thermo-wettability responsive porous membrane with functional gating liquid. Experiments and theoretical analysis have demonstrated the temperature-regulation mechanism of this liquid gating system, which is based on thermo-responsive changes of porous membrane surface polarity, leading to changes in affinity between the porous membrane and the gating liquid. In addition, the sandwich configuration with dense Au-coated surfaces and heterogeneous internal components by a bistable interface design enables the liquid gating system to enhance response sensitivity and maintain working stability. This temperature-regulation gas/liquid transfer strategy expands the application range of liquid gating membranes,which are promising in environmental governance, water treatment and multiphase separation.

Development of miniaturized SAF-LIBS with high repetition rate acousto-optic gating for quantitative analysis

The self-absorption effect in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)reduces the accuracy of quantitative measurement results.The self-absorption-free LIBS(SAF-LIBS)has been proved to directly capture the optically thin plasma spectra by setting an appropriate exposure time.In this work,a novel SAF-LIBS technique with high repetition rate acousto-optic gating is developed,in which an acousto-optic modulator is used as the shutter to diffract the optically thin fluorescence,and a high repetition rate laser is used to produce quasi-continuous plasmas to enhance the integral spectral intensity,so that the CCD spectrometer can replace an intensified CCD(ICCD)and echelle spectrometer in SAF-LIBS.Experimental results show that the average absolute prediction error of aluminum is reduced to 0.18%,which is equivalent to that of traditional SAF-LIBS.This technique not only effectively shields continuous background radiation and broadened spectral lines in optically thick plasma,but also has advantages of miniaturization,low cost,convenience and reliability.

Gating技术与汉语听觉词汇加工

尝试对Gating技术的实施和运用 ,对数据进行探索性分析。被试为 47名北京师范大学本科学生。实验中被试听到依次加长的单字词语音片段 ,每听完一个语音片段要尽快判断该语音是什么字音 ,并迅速写出想到的第一个符合该读音的汉字 ,同时在七点量表上评定作出判断的确定性等级。结果显示 ,Gating技术作为探讨汉语听觉词汇加工的一条途径可以提供丰富的信息 ,它不仅能得到词汇的语音识别点 (IsolationPoint ,IP) ,也揭示出它与声调存在一定关系。对错误反应的分析还表明 :声调信息可以独立于音段信息而被识别 ;即时影响声调识别的因素不一定局限于区别性特征 ;听觉词汇识别受到听觉语言特有的方向性特点的影响 ,这种影响不仅体现在音段信息。

Molecular Mechanisms of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel Gating

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels （CNGs） are distributed most widely in the neuronal cell. Great progress has been made in molecular mechanisms of CNG channel gating in the recent years. Results of many experiments have indicated that the stoichiometry and assembly of CNG channels affect their property and gating. Experiments of CNG mutants and analyses of cys- teine accessibilities show that cyclic nucleotide-binding domains （CNBD） bind cyclic nucleotides and subsequently conformational changes occurred followed by the concerted or cooperative conformational change of all four subunits during CNG gating. In order to provide theoretical assistances for further investigation on CNG channels, especially regarding the disease pathogenesis of ion channels, this paper reviews the latest progress on mechanisms of CNG channels, functions of subunits, processes of subunit assembly, and conformational changes of subunit regions during gating.

Gating范式:探讨听觉词汇加工的途径

传统的反应时任务只能为听觉词汇加工提供定量数据,而不能提供定性信息,Gating范式的优势在于可以提供以上两种信息,使研究者能够全面、细致地了解听觉词汇加工的即时过程。而且它的适用群体广泛,可被用于研究不同年龄段的发展。文章较详细地介绍了Gating范式的基本特点及其在汉语研究中的应用,期待它被更多的研究者所认识和使用。

Design of a Low Power DSP with Distributed and Early Clock Gating

A novel clock structure of a low-power 16-bit very large instruction word (VLIW) digital signal processor (DSP) was proposed. To improve deterministic clock gating and to solve the drawback of conventional clock gating circuit in high speed circuit, a distributed and early clock gating method was developed on its instruction fetch & decoder unit, its pipelined data-path unit and its super-Harvard memory interface unit. The core was implemented following the Synopsys back-end flow under TSMC (Taiwan Silicon manufacture corporation) 0.18-μm 1.8-V 1P6M process, with a core size of 2 mm×2 mm. Result shows that it can run under 200 MHz with a power performance around 0.3 mW/MIPS. Meanwhile, only 39.7% circuit is active simultaneously in average, compared to its non-gating counterparts.

Observation and characterization of flow in critical sections of a horizontal pressurized gating system using water models

This work is concerned with the hydraulics and f low characterization in a pressurized,horizontal gating system with multiple ingates attached to a plate mold,using transparent water models.Runners with two different aspect ratios(w/h=0.5 and 2)and four different types of ingates(rectangular,convergent,divergent and venturi)were examined for their influence on flow behavior.Flow behavior was visualized using a high speed camera capable of capturing images up to 10,000 frames per second.Real time experimentation with a few runner–ingate combinations were carried out to validate the usefulness of water models in predicting the f illing behavior.Comparison of the approaches provided useful insights into the filling behavior in critical sections of the flow passages as well as the utility of water models towards understanding of the f illing behavior during real time casting.

Gating system optimization of high pressure die casting thin-wall AlSi10MnMg longitudinal loadbearing beam based on numerical simulation

High pressure die casting(HPDC) is a kind of near net shape manufacturing method. However, air entrapment in HPDC parts has serious effects upon the casting quality. In order to reduce the air entrapment defects in a AlSi10 MnMg alloy thin-wall longitudinal load-bearing beam produced by HPDC, different gating systems were designed and simulated by software Flow-3D to evaluate the entrapped air. Simulation results showed that when the beam is produced by the original designed gating system with a middle ingate, there exist obvious air entrapments in the critical area; the volume of air entrapment was reduced by replacing the middle ingate to an overflow well, and the filling of molten metal became more stable. When the middle ingate was removed for further improvement, the volume of air entrapment was decreased drastically. The parts with glossy surface and good microstructure have been successfully produced by using the final optimized gating system based on simulation results.

Ionic-Liquid-Gating Induced Protonation and Superconductivity in FeSe,FeSe0.93S0.07, ZrNCl, 1T-TaS2 and Bi2Se3

We report protonation in several compounds by an ionic-liquid-gating method, under optimized gating conditions.This leads to single superconducting phases for several compounds. Non-volatility of protons allows post-gating magnetization and transport measurements. The superconducting transition temperature Tc is enhanced to 43.5 K for FeSe0.93S0.07, and 41 K for Fe Se after protonation. Superconducting transitions with Tc^15 K for ZrNCl,~7.2 K for 1-TaS2, and ~3.8 K for Bi2Se3 are induced after protonation. Electric transport in protonated FeSe0.93S0.07 confirms high-temperature superconductivity. Our ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements on protonated Fe Se1-xSx reveal enhanced spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/^1T1 with increasing x,which is consistent with the LDA calculations that H+ is located in the interstitial sites close to the anions.

Gating System Design for a Magnesium Alloy Casting

The gating system of a cylindrical magnesium casting has been designed by using multiple objective optimiza- tion and Taguchi method.Mold filling and solidification processes were simulated by using MAGMASOFT（？）. The simulation results indicate that the gating system design has a significant effect on the quality of magne- sium castings.In an effort to obtain the optimal design of gating system,the signal-to-noise （S/N） ratio was used to analyze the effect of various gating designs on cavity filling and casting quality by using a weighting method based on the design of an orthogonal array.Four gating system parameters,namely,ingate height, ingate width,runner height,runner width,were optimized with a consideration of multiple objective criteria including filling velocity,shrinkage porosity and product yield.

The 45 K Onset Superconductivity and the Suppression of the Nematic Order in FeSe by Electrolyte Gating

The electronic doping effect on both the superconductivity and the nematic order in the FeSe nanoflake are investigated by using the electric-double-layer transistor configuration. The superconductivity can be effectively controlled by electronic doping, and the onset superconducting transition temperature Tc reaches as high as 45 K at a gate voltage Of Vg = 4 V. Meanwhile, the nematic phase is gradually suppressed with the increase of electronic doping （or Vg）. The results provide an effective method with variable charge doping for investigation of the rich physics in the FeSe superconductor.

Mutants only Partially Represent Characteristics of Calcium-ReleaseActivated Calcium Channel Gating

Calcium-release-activated calcium(CARC)channels are one of the major pathways of calcium entry in non-excitable cells.Despite a decade or two of research,its regulatory mechanism is not yet thoroughly understood.The slow progress is due to the complexity of its pores(i.e.,Orai)on one hand and the difficulty in capturing its regulatory complex on the other hand.As a result,possible gating mechanisms have often been speculated by exploring the structure and properties of constitutive open mutants.However,there is much debate about how they can truly reflect the gating of CRAC channels under physiological conditions.In the present study,we combined molecular dynamics simulations with free energy calculations to study three dOrai mutants(G170P,H206A,and P288A),and further calculated their current-voltage curves.Results show that these constructs adopt different approaches to maintain their conductive state.Meanwhile they have unique pore structures and distinctive rectification properties and ion selectivity for cations compared to wild-type pores.We conclude that although the mutants may partially capture the gating motion characteristics of wild-type pores,the information obtained from these mutants is likely not a true reflection of CRAC channel gating under physiological conditions.

Convolutional neural network for transient grating frequency-resolved optical gating trace retrieval and its algorithm optimization

A convolutional neural network is employed to retrieve the time-domain envelop and phase of few-cycle femtosecond pulses from transient-grating frequency-resolved optical gating(TG-FROG) traces.We use theoretically generated TGFROG traces to complete supervised trainings of the convolutional neural networks,then use similarly generated traces not included in the training dataset to test how well the networks are trained.Accurate retrieval of such traces by the neural network is realized.In our case,we find that networks with exponential linear unit(ELU) activation function perform better than those with leaky rectified linear unit(LRELU) and scaled exponential linear unit(SELU).Finally,the issues that need to be addressed for the retrieval of experimental data by this method are discussed.

Full-Blind Delegating Private Quantum Computation

The delegating private quantum computation(DQC)protocol with the universal quantum gate set{X,Z,H,P,R,CNOT}was firstly proposed by Broadbent et al.[Broadbent(2015)],and then Tan et al.[Tan and Zhou(2017)]tried to put forward a half-blind DQC protocol(HDQC)with another universal set{H,P,CNOT,T}.However,the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate(i.e.T)is a little redundant,and Tan et al.’s protocol[Tan and Zhou(2017)]exists the information leak.In addition,both of these two protocols just focus on the blindness of data(i.e.the client’s input and output),but do not consider the blindness of computation(i.e.the delegated quantum operation).For solving these problems,we propose a full-blind DQC protocol(FDQC)with quantum gate set{H,P,CNOT,T},where the desirable delegated quantum operation,one of{H,P,CNOT,T},is replaced by a fixed sequence(H,P,CZ,CNOT,T)to make the computation blind,and the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate is also optimized.Analysis shows that our protocol can not only correctly perform any delegated quantum computation,but also holds the characteristics of data blindness and computation blindness.

Characteristics and influence factors of mold filling process in permanent mold with a slot gating system

The main problems caused by improper gating are entrained aluminum oxide films and entrapped gas.In this study,the slot gating system is employed to improve mold filling behavior and therefore,to improve the quality of aluminum castings produced in permanent molds.An equipment as well as operation procedures for real-time X-ray radiography of molten aluminum flowing into permanent molds have been developed.Graphite molds transparent to X-rays are utilized which make it possible to observe the flow pattern through a number of vertically oriented gating systems.The investigation discovers that there are many influencing factors on the mold filling process.This paper focuses its research on some of the factors,such as the dimensions of the vertical riser and slot thickness,as well as roughness of the coating layer.The results indicate that molten metal can smoothly fill into casting cavity with a proper slot gating system.A bigger vertical riser,proper slot thickness and rougher coating can provide not only a better mold filling pattern,but also hot melt into the top of the cavity.A proper temperature gradient is obtainable,higher at the bottom and lower at the top of the casting cavity,which is in favor of feeding during casting solidification.

Reduced energy consumption by using streamlined gating systems

In foundries a lot of effort is done to minimize energy consumption in the production to reduce costs and hence increase the competitiveness. At the same time the foundries must live up to the increased demands for high quality castings. Traditional gating systems are known for a straight tapered down runner, a well base and 90° bends in the runner system. Previous work has shown that the traditional way of designing gating systems creates high inconsistency in flow patterns during filling. In the streamlined gating systems there are no sharp changes in direction and a large effort is done to confine and control the flow of the molten metal during mould filling. The main objective in the work presented here is to use the principles of the streamlined gating systems to reduce the weight of the gating system relative to the traditional layouts. By reducing the weight of gating system and thereby improving yield, the amount of molten iron needed is also reduced, hence reducing the energy consumption for melting. Experiments in real production lines have proven that it is possible to achieve a reduction in the poured weight by using the streamlined gating systems. In a layout for casting of three valve housings in a vertically parted mould the weight of the gating system was reduced by 1.1 kg changing from the traditional layouts to the streamlined gating systems. This weight reduction corresponds in this case to a 20% weight reduction for the gating system. Using streamlined gating systems with fan gates to give a beneficial heat distribution in the castings may be an efficient tool to eliminate the need for heat treatment. In the experiments the change in gating system from the traditional layout to the streamlined layout removed the need for heat treatment. This obviously means a huge energy saving in the foundry. The energy consumption for heat treatment of iron has been found to be 0.489 kWh/ kg. The valve housing in the experiments weighs 3 kg so when the need for heat treatment is removed, around 1.5 kWh is saved per casting. Along with the reduction in energy used the foundry also save the cost of handling the castings for the heat treatment and the production times is reduced considerably When the moulds for the vertical layout is produced on a DISAMATIC that produces 350 moulds an hour the total energy saved per hour for both melting and heat treatment becomes 2,000 kWh and per eight hour work day 16,000 kWh. Seen in this perspective the potential for saving energy in the foundries is substantial. Furthermore the experiments where ductile iron valve housings was cast also proved that it is possible to lower the pouring temperature from 1,400℃ to 1,300℃ without the risk of cold runs. This is possible due to a high flow rate during mould filling in combination with low velocities due to the use of fan gates. All of this has also been investigated in experiments using glass plate fronted moulds.

Tuning of the Electron Spin Relaxation Anisotropy via Optical Gating in GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Wells

The carrier-density-dependent spin relaxation dynamics for modulation-doped GaAs/Al0.3 Gao,TAs quantum wells is studied using the time-resolved magneto-Kerr rotation measurements. The electron spin relaxation time and its in-plane anisotropy are studied as a function of the optically injected electron density, Moreover, the relative strength of the Rashba and the Dresselhaus spin-rbit coupling fields, and thus the observed spin relaxation time anisotropy, is further tuned by the additional excitation of a 532nm continuous wave laser, demonstrating an effective spin relaxation manipulation via an optical gating method.

Controlling a sine wave gating single-photon detector by exploiting its filtering loophole

GHz single-photon detector （SPD） is a crucial part in the practical high speed quantum key distribution （QKD） system. However, any imperfections in a practical QKD system may be exploited by an eavesdropper （Eve） to collect information about the key without being discovered. The sine wave gating SPD （SG-SPD） based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode, one kind of practical high speed SPD, may also contain loopholes. In this paper, we study the principle and characteristic of the SG-SPD and find out the filtering loophole of the SG-SPD for the first time. What is more, the proof-of-principle experiment shows that Eve could blind and control Bob＇s SG-SPD by exploiting this loophole. We believe that giving enough attention to this loophole can improve the practical security of the existing QKD system. GHz single-photon detector （SPD） is a crucial part in the practical high speed quantum key distribution （QKD） system. However, any imperfections in a practical QKD system may be exploited by an eavesdropper （Eve） to collect information about the key without being discovered. The sine wave gating SPD （SG-SPD） based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode, one kind of practical high speed SPD, may also contain loopholes. In this paper, we study the principle and characteristic of the SG-SPD and find out the filtering loophole of the SG-SPD for the first time. What is more, the proof-of-principle experiment shows that Eve could blind and control Bob＇s SG-SPD by exploiting this loophole. We believe that giving enough attention to this loophole can improve the practical security of the existing QKD system.

Effects of fractal gating of potassium channels on neuronal behaviours

The classical model of voltage-gated ion channels assumes that according to a Markov process ion channels switch among a small number of states without memory, but a bunch of experimental papers show that some ion channels exhibit significant memory effects, and this memory effects can take the form of kinetic rate constant that is fractal. Obviously the gating character of ion channels will affect generation and propagation of action potentials, furthermore, affect generation, coding and propagation of neural information. However, there is little previous research on this series of interesting issues. This paper investigates effects of fractal gating of potassium channel subunits switching from closed state to open state on neuronal behaviours. The obtained results show that fractal gating of potassium channel subunits switching from closed state to open state has important effects on neuronal behaviours, increases excitability, rest potential and spiking frequency of the neuronal membrane, and decreases threshold voltage and threshold injected current of the neuronal membrane. So fractal gating of potassium channel subunits switching from closed state to open state can improve the sensitivity of the neuronal membrane, and enlarge the encoded strength of neural information.

Electrostatic gating of solid-ion-conductor on InSe flakes and InSe/h-BN heterostructures

We report the electrical transport properties of InSe flakes electrostatically gated by a solid ion conductor.The large tuning capability of the solid ion conductor as gating dielectric is confirmed by the saturation gate voltage as low as^1 V and steep subthreshold swing(83 mV/dec).The p-type conduction behavior of InSe is obtained when negative gate voltages are biased.Chemical doping of the solid ion conductor is suppressed by inserting a buffer layer of hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)between InSe and the solid-ion-conductor substrate.By comparing the performance of devices with and without h-BN,the capacitance of solid ion conductors is extracted to be the same as that of^2 nm h-BN,and the mobility of InSe on solid ion conductors is comparable to that on the SiO2 substrate.Our results show that solid ion conductors provide a facile and powerful method for electrostatic doping.