A Set of Acupuncture Needles in the Late Qing Dynasty Collected by George Souliéde Morant

In the early 20th century,French vice-consul George Souliéde Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China,and then brought it back to France.After more than a century,his collection was transported from Paris,France to Kunming,China,and later recognized as a Chinese national third-class precious cultural heritage.Currently housed in the Museum of Western Studies on Chinese Medicine at Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,this set of instruments includes one needle holder converted from a fan-shaped holder,ten acupuncture needles,and eleven paper tags handwritten in English with names of diseases and body parts.This article attempts to present the foundational information and historical significance of this collection of this set of late Qing dynasty acupuncture instruments by reviewing the collection and related research on acupuncture instruments,consulting acupuncture professionals,measuring the detailed information of the set of instruments,and employing a method of translating and summarizing the content of the attached tags.

非典型完全型DiGeorge综合征1例临床及免疫学特征分析

目的探讨1例由22q11.2染色体微缺失导致非典型完全型Di George综合征的临床特征及免疫表型。方法收集2014年8月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院就诊的1例非典型完全型Di George综合征患儿外周血标本,提取外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)及核酸,采用流式细胞术进行T、B细胞亚群检测,羧基荧光双乙酸钠琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)标记法分析T细胞增殖功能,CDR3扫描谱型技术分析T细胞受体(TCR)多样性,定量PCR检测T细胞受体重排剪切环(TREC)含量。结果 T、B细胞亚群分析显示T细胞明显降低,初始T细胞<50个/mm3,总B细胞数量正常,记忆B细胞稍减低;CFSE增殖法提示患儿T细胞无增殖反应;TCR-Vβ亚家族表现为单克隆或寡克隆峰;定量PCR未检测到TREC含量。结论通过临床及免疫学分析,确诊1例非典型完全型Di George综合征患儿。Di George综合征临床与免疫学表型多变,其分型及临床诊断存在困难,常导致漏诊与延迟诊断,因此提高临床工作者对本病的认识对于早期诊断至关重要。

George Lakoff语言理论的发展历程

George Lakoff的语言理论发展经历了几次重要的转向,从对转换生成语法的热心支持到提出生成语义学,最后发展到认知语义学.我们认为,这些转向不是偶然的,对句法和语义关系做出合理解释的理想和外部学术环境的影响是促使Lakoff理论创新的动因.认知语义学作为对标准理论和生成语义学的最新发展,其理论优势在于它对语义现象的研究更符合语言实际和人类心智的规律.

George Eliot's Humanistic View and Feminist View

George Eliot is a great authoress in the Victorian age. She has made great contribution in many fields such as: philoso phy, literature and humanism. However she is a controversial novelist as well not only because her life experience which revolts against the traditional way of life at that time but also her unique humanistic and feminist view. The purpose of the study is to get the panoramic view of George Eliot.

Effects of Institut Georges Lopez-1 and Celsior preservation solutions on liver graft injury

AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez(IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Two experimental models were used.In the first one, acetylcholine-induced endotheliumdependent relaxation(EDR) was measured in isolated ring preparations of rat hepatic arteries preserved or not in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions(24 h at 4 ℃).To determine nitric oxide(NO) and cyclooxygenase EDR, hepatic arteries were incubated with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester(L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelium nitric oxide synthase(e NOS), or with L-NAME plus indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.In the second experiment, rat livers were cold-stored in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions for 24 h at 4 ℃ and then perfused "ex vivo " for 2 h at 37 ℃.Liver injury was assessed by transaminase measurements, liver function by bile production and bromosulfophthalein clearance, oxidative stress by malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and alterations in cell signaling pathways by pA kt, pA MPK, eN OS and MAPKs proteins level.RESULTS: After cold storage for 24 h with either Celsior or IGL-1, EDR was only slightly altered.Infreshly isolated arteries, EDR was exclusively mediated by NO.However, cold-stored arteries showed NOand COX-dependent relaxation.The decrease in NO-dependent relaxation after cold storage was significantly more marked with Celsior.The second study indicated that IGL-1 solution obtained better liver preservation and protection against IRI than Celsior.Liver injury was reduced, function was improved and there was less oxidative stress.IGL-1 solution activated Akt and AMPK, which was concomitant with increased eN OS expression and nitrite/nitrate levels.Furthermore, MAPKs kinases were regulated in livers preserved with IGL-1 solution since reductions in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK protein levels were observed.CONCLUSION: IGL-1 solution preserved NO-dependent relaxation better than Celsior storage solution and enhanced liver graft preservation.

A GIS-BASED GLACIER INVENTORY FOR THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AND THE SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS——A FIRST CASE STUDY ON KING GEORGE ISLAND

The aim of the international project “Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)" headed by the US Geological Survey is to establish a world wide glacier inventory based on satellite imagery.This data set will form a first digital baseline study for future glacier monitoring.The presented GIS_based glacier inventory for King George Island is a case study for the area of the Antarctic Peninsula.In the database of the glacier inventory topographic information,specific glaciological parameters as well as metadata will be included.The topographic data consists of drainage basin limits,basin areas,altitudinal ranges,perimeters and mean lengths.Glaciological data sets should comprise information on glacier retreat in different periods,glacier velocities,ice thickness and bedrock topography as well as derived parameters.Modelled and measured mass balance parameters could be included as additional data layers.In particular,these metadata records must comprise background information on data accuracy and data sources and should be compatible with a future data model for the King George Island GIS (KGIS).Three examples illustrate that the GLIMS database will not only contain information valuable for glaciological applications,but also other environmental studies on the island will benefit from this standardised remote sensing data sets.Therefore,a very close link between the data models of KGIS and GLIMS has to be established to enable these synergisms.Finally,better access to historic aerial photography would enable a continuous record of glacier retreat from the beginning of the 1950’s onward.

KING GEORGE ISLAND SPATIAL DATA MODEL

Distribution,interoperability,interactivity,component are four main features of distributed GIS.Based on the principle of hypermap,hypermedia and distributed database,the paper comes up with a kind of distributed spatial data model which is in accordance with those features of distributed GIS.The model takes catalog service as the outline of spatial information globalization,and defines data structure of hypermap node in different level.Based on the model,it is feasible to manage and process distributed spatial information,and integrate multi_source,heterogeneous spatial data into a framework.Traditionally,to retrieve and access spatial data via Internet is only by theme or map name.With the concept of the model,it is possible to retrieve,load,and link spatial data by vector_based graphics on the Internet.

英国骨科医生-Christopher George Attenborough

Christopher George Attenborough（1922—1979）是英国著名的骨科医生。因发明了稳定的膝关节滑动假体（stabilised gliding knee prosthesis）而被世人熟知，他发明的第三代膝关节假体现在仍在世界范围内广泛使用。Christopher 1922年出生于一个医生家庭。先后就读于马尔堡大学、剑桥大学。毕业后进入国王学院医院（King＇s College Hospital）工作，1944年获得行医资格。

Relevance of proteolysis and proteasome activation in fatty liver graft preservation: An Institut Georges Lopez-1 vs University of Wisconsin appraisal

To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1 (IGL-1) solutions.METHODSFatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 °Cand subjected to “ex vivo” normo-thermic perfusion (2 h; 37 °C). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20S and 19S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury (transaminases), mitochondrial injury (confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers (TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1 (HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis (TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).RESULTSProfiles of free AA (alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW (P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity (measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury (AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage (revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers (TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels.CONCLUSIONOur comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.

THE COMPILATION OF A DTM AND A NEW SATELLITE IMAGE MAP FOR KING GEORGE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA

An improved topographic database for King George Island,one of the most frequently visited regions in Antarctica,is presented.A first step consisted in combining data from differential GPS surveys gained during the austral summers 1997～1998 and 1999～2000,with the current coastline from a SPOT satellite image mosaic,topographic information from existing maps and from the Antarctic Digital Database.From this data sets,a digital terrain model (DTM) was generated using Arc/Info GIS.In a second step,a satellite image map at the scale 1∶100 000 was assembled from contour lines derived from the DTM and the satellite mosaic.A lack of accurate topographic information in the eastern part of the island was identified.Additional topographic surveying or SAR interferometry should be used to improve the data quality in that area.The GIS integrated database will be indispensable for glaciological and climatological studies and administrative and scientific purposes.In future,the application of GIS techniques will be mandatory for environmental impact studies and environmental monitoring as well as for management plans on King George Island.

The St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Objective To examine the correlation between the health-related quality of life measured by the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ) and the commonly used physiological measures in lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM).Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the SGRQ scores and other measures(the Borg scale of breathlessness at rest,6-minute walking distance,blood oxygen levels,and pulmonary function) of patients diagnosed and confirmed with LAM.Altogether 38 patients between June 2007 and November 2009 were included.Results The mean values of the SGRQ three components(symptoms,activity,and impacts) and total scores in the LAM patients were 46.95±28.90,58.47±25.41,47.89±29.66,and 51.11±26.35,respectively.The SGRQ total or component scores were correlated well with the Borg scale of breathlessness,6-minute walking distance,partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood,spirometry and diffusion capacity of lung.There were poor correlations between SGRQ score and residual volume or total lung capacity.In our preliminary observation,sirolimus improved the SGRQ total and three component scores and the Borg scale of breathlessness significantly after 101-200 days of treatment(n=6).Conclusions The SGRQ score in LAM is correlated well with physiological measures(Borg scale of breathlessness,6-minute walking distance,blood oxygen levels,and pulmonary function tests).The SGRQ could therefore be recommended in baseline and follow-up evaluation of patients with LAM.Treatment with sirolimus,an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin,may improve the quality of life and patient's perception of breathlessness in LAM.

Composition of plagioclases in volcanic rocks of King George Island, Antarctica with reference to the petrogenetic significance

Plagioclases occur mainly as phenocrysts in volcanic rocks of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica. In basaltic andesites and andesites of Keller Peninsula and Ullman Spur (Admiralty Bay), they are high structure state labradorite andesines; and in high Al basalts and basaltic andesites of Barton and Weaver peninsulas (Maxwell Bay), they are high structure state bytownite anorthites.∑[WT9.BZ]REE, La/Yb ratios and δEu values of plagioclases from Admiralty Bay are higher than those from Maxwell Bay. All plagioclases have rather identical chondrite normalized transitional element distribution patterns, probably reflecting that crystal structure rather than composition of plagioclase controls their diversity. Compositions of plagioclases depend chiefly on those of their host rocks, compositional differences of plagioclases reveal that basaltic magmas in the Admiralty Bay area are more evolved than in the Maxwell Bay area.

Petrological characteristics of the sedimentary volcaniclastic rocks of the Fossil Hill Formation （eocene） in King George Island， West Antarctica

The Fossil Hill Formation of the type section composed chiefly of the sedimentary-volcaniclastic breccia and tuffites can be divided into two cycles of sedimentation. The thermal fluid was active in the coarse volcaniclastic deposits of the lower cy-cle, it led to the formation of laumontite,analcite,albite and regularly hybrid mineral of interlayered chlorite and montmorillonite .which are absent from the upper cycle, and to the transportation and concentration of some of trace elements between the coarser tuffites and the overlying fine tuffite bed at the upper part of this cycle. So-called 'rainprint' and 'mud crack' actually are non-sedimentary originally, they were formed respectively by sheddillg of the small zeolitized concretions on the bedding plane and tectonic pressed stress. The evidences indicate that the Fossil Hill Formation of the Fossil Hill section was deposited in an intermontane lake affected by both volcanic action andseasonal flail under the condition of worm and moist climate.

The elemental geochemical characteristics of Late Quaternary rock core from Yanwo Lake in the Great Wall Station area， King George Island， Southwest Antarctica

This paper is manily to treat the change regularity of the contens,distributions, enrich coefficients and correlative coefficients of some trace and constant elements in the sediments of Late Quaternary rock core from Yanwo Lake in the Great Wall Station area, King George Island and to discuss the sedimentary sources in Yanwo Lake and the periodical changes of Late Quaternary climate and the environment in the area. It is concluded that the elastic sedimentary rocks, including volcanic sedimentary rocks, around Yanwo Lake are the major sources of Yanwo Lake sedimentsi the mantle material is also one of its sources and what is more, the continent-sourced materials are transported by the Antarctic glacier.

A Conventional Love Triangle?-In Defense of Uncle George in Hemingway’s “Indian Camp”

Since its publication in 1924,Hemingway’s“Indian Camp”has drawn a great deal of attention and has been subjected to a wide variety of interpretations.The design of the character Uncle George has aroused as much doubt and perplexity as curiosity and enthusiasm for interpretation,on account of the fact that Hemingway,renowned for his iceberg theory and simple style should involve such a seeming superfluous character in an initiation story of his nephew on whom his influence is barely noticeable.Since 1960s,Uncle George has always been considered to be the father of the newborn baby the Indian woman has delivered and has been claimed to be responsible for the suicide of the Indian husband.Then,is the story simply a conventional love triangle?Or there exists some misunderstanding in this interpretation?If so,it’s of great necessity and importance to defend for Uncle George and put the record straight.

St．George’s呼吸疾病问卷评价慢性咳喘患者生活质量的价值

目的：应用St．George’s呼吸疾病问卷，进行慢性咳喘患者冬病夏治方面的临床研究，探讨St．George’s呼吸疾病问卷评价慢性咳喘患者生活质量的价值。方法：将慢性咳喘患者（慢性支气管炎及支气管哮喘患者）随机分为冬病夏治组与对照组，两组均给与St．George’s呼吸疾病问卷调查，冬病夏治组予中药敷贴结合穴位注射，对照组常规西医规范治疗。结果：①冬病夏治组治疗前后一年问卷评分比较P〈0．01，即冬病夏治组治疗前后有显著性差异；②冬病夏治组与对照组治疗前后评分差值比较，采用半定量积分法P〈0．05，即冬病夏治组与对照组治疗前后有显著性差异；③冬病夏治组与对照组治疗前后有效率比较，冬病夏治组有效率70．4％，对照组有效率48．1％，经卡方检验后，P〉0．05，故尚不能认为两组患者有效率的差异有统计学意义。此组检验有待样本量增加后继续分析。结论：St．George’s呼吸疾病问卷在评价慢性咳喘患者生活质量方面有着积极的价值；冬病夏治能够有效改善恳性咳喘患者的临床症状，提高生活质量，冬病夏治体现了中医简、便、验、廉独特优势，具有良好的社会效益和推广前景。

免疫性血小板减少症起病的基因诊断22q11.2微缺失综合征:部分型DiGeorge综合征1例并文献复习

22q11．2微缺失综合征（22q11．2 deletion syn-drome，22q11．2DS）是由于22号染色体长臂近着丝粒端一处微片段22q11．21-q11．23（大小约3Mb）缺失所导致的先天性多器官发育异常的一组临床症候群，也是人类多种微缺失综合征中最常见的一种。

George Eliot's Feminism in The Mill on the Floss

George Eliot(1819-1880)is an outstanding female writer in Victorian Age.Virginia Woolf,a feminist pioneer,once praised her as"the pride and paragon of the female".However,her feminism is ambivalent.On the one hand,she dares to challenge the male-dominated society and supports women’s rights to receive education and freedom of love and marriage.On the other hand,she emphasizes that women should make self-sacrifice to help men achieve their goals.Based on The Mill on the Floss and studies of previous scholars,this thesis tries to analyze George Eliot’s ambivalent feminism.Thus it is beneficial for readers to observe and think about women’s future.

Eucharist and Human Body in George Herbert's Poetry

George Herbert is one of the great metaphysical and religious poets in the seventeenth-century history of British literature.Herbert becomes well-known for his devotional religious poems,his famous collection of devotional lyrics,The Temple in which Herbert expresses his piety towards God and manifests that the love of God is an everlasting subject for verse,has won enduring popularity among readers since its publication in 1633.The present paper will focus on Eucharist and human body showing in Herbert's poetry,and attempts to explore the deeper implications existing behind Eucharist and human body with reference to some specific poems which are chosen from The Temple in detail.

A Discourse Analysis on Roald Dahl's George's Marvellous Medicine

The text analyzed in this paper is"Grandma",which is the first chapter extracted from one of Roald Dahl’s puffin books George’s Marvellous Medicine.This paper analyzes it according to discourse analysis theories put forward by Michael Hoey and Eugene Winter.Special emphasis will be put on Hoey’s theory of clause relations.