Cotton architecture is determined by the differentiation fate transition of axillary meristem(AM),and influences cotton yield and the efficiency of mechanized harvesting.We observed that the initiation of flowering pr...Cotton architecture is determined by the differentiation fate transition of axillary meristem(AM),and influences cotton yield and the efficiency of mechanized harvesting.We observed that the initiation of flowering primordium was earlier in early-maturing than that in late-maturing cultivars during the differentiation and development of AM.The RNA-Seq and expression level analyses showed that genes FLAVIN BINDING,KELCH REPEAT,F-BOX1(GhFKF1),and GIGANTEA(GhGI)were in response to circadian rhythms,and involved in the regulation of cotton flowering.The gene structure,predicted protein structure,and motif content analyses showed that in Arabidopsis,cotton,rapseed,and soybean,proteins GhFKF1 and GhGI were functionally conserved and share evolutionary origins.Compared to the wild type,in GhFKF1 mutants that were created by the CRISPR/Cas9 system,the initiation of branch primordium was inhibited.Conversely,the knocking out of GhGI increased the number of AM differentiating into flower primordium,and there were much more lateral branch differentiation and development.Besides,we investigated that proteins GhFKF1 and GhGI can interact with each other.These results suggest that GhFKF1 and GhGI are key regulators of cotton architecture development,and may collaborate to regulate the differentiation fate transition of AM,ultimately influencing plant architecture.We describe a strategy for using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to increase cotton adaptation and productivity by optimizing plant architecture.展开更多
夜间增温幅度大于白天是气候变暖的主要特征之一。夜间增温、施硅或生物炭对单一作物(水稻或小麦)生产的影响已有报道,但三者耦合如何影响稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放强度,尚不清楚。通过田间模拟试验研究了夜间增温下生物炭配施硅肥对稻...夜间增温幅度大于白天是气候变暖的主要特征之一。夜间增温、施硅或生物炭对单一作物(水稻或小麦)生产的影响已有报道,但三者耦合如何影响稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放强度,尚不清楚。通过田间模拟试验研究了夜间增温下生物炭配施硅肥对稻麦轮作农田产量和碳排放强度的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,用铝箔膜覆盖水稻冠层模拟夜间增温(19:00—6:00),设常温对照(不盖膜,W0)、覆盖5 mm膜(W1)和覆盖11 mm膜(W2)3水平;生物炭用量设3水平,即不施生物炭(B0)、施10 t/hm^(2)(B1)和施25 t/hm^(2)(B2);硅肥设不施硅(Si0)、施钢渣(Si1)和施矿粉(Si2)3水平,施硅量均为0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2)。结果表明:夜间增温明显降低水稻和小麦产量,施生物炭明显提高水稻和小麦产量。夜间增温、施用矿粉或生物炭明显降低农田CH4累积排放量、综合增温潜势(SGWP)和碳排放强度(GHGI)。稻麦轮作农田综合增温潜势(SGWP)中水稻贡献明显大于小麦,CH4排放在SGWP中起主导作用。三因素对水稻SGWP和GHGI的影响,均为B>Si>W,对小麦SGWP和GHGI的影响,均为Si>B>W。研究认为,夜间增温下为稳定稻麦产量,同时减少稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放的最佳处理组合为施0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2)矿粉和25 t/hm^(2)生物炭。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1001004)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15-06).
文摘Cotton architecture is determined by the differentiation fate transition of axillary meristem(AM),and influences cotton yield and the efficiency of mechanized harvesting.We observed that the initiation of flowering primordium was earlier in early-maturing than that in late-maturing cultivars during the differentiation and development of AM.The RNA-Seq and expression level analyses showed that genes FLAVIN BINDING,KELCH REPEAT,F-BOX1(GhFKF1),and GIGANTEA(GhGI)were in response to circadian rhythms,and involved in the regulation of cotton flowering.The gene structure,predicted protein structure,and motif content analyses showed that in Arabidopsis,cotton,rapseed,and soybean,proteins GhFKF1 and GhGI were functionally conserved and share evolutionary origins.Compared to the wild type,in GhFKF1 mutants that were created by the CRISPR/Cas9 system,the initiation of branch primordium was inhibited.Conversely,the knocking out of GhGI increased the number of AM differentiating into flower primordium,and there were much more lateral branch differentiation and development.Besides,we investigated that proteins GhFKF1 and GhGI can interact with each other.These results suggest that GhFKF1 and GhGI are key regulators of cotton architecture development,and may collaborate to regulate the differentiation fate transition of AM,ultimately influencing plant architecture.We describe a strategy for using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to increase cotton adaptation and productivity by optimizing plant architecture.
文摘夜间增温幅度大于白天是气候变暖的主要特征之一。夜间增温、施硅或生物炭对单一作物(水稻或小麦)生产的影响已有报道,但三者耦合如何影响稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放强度,尚不清楚。通过田间模拟试验研究了夜间增温下生物炭配施硅肥对稻麦轮作农田产量和碳排放强度的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,用铝箔膜覆盖水稻冠层模拟夜间增温(19:00—6:00),设常温对照(不盖膜,W0)、覆盖5 mm膜(W1)和覆盖11 mm膜(W2)3水平;生物炭用量设3水平,即不施生物炭(B0)、施10 t/hm^(2)(B1)和施25 t/hm^(2)(B2);硅肥设不施硅(Si0)、施钢渣(Si1)和施矿粉(Si2)3水平,施硅量均为0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2)。结果表明:夜间增温明显降低水稻和小麦产量,施生物炭明显提高水稻和小麦产量。夜间增温、施用矿粉或生物炭明显降低农田CH4累积排放量、综合增温潜势(SGWP)和碳排放强度(GHGI)。稻麦轮作农田综合增温潜势(SGWP)中水稻贡献明显大于小麦,CH4排放在SGWP中起主导作用。三因素对水稻SGWP和GHGI的影响,均为B>Si>W,对小麦SGWP和GHGI的影响,均为Si>B>W。研究认为,夜间增温下为稳定稻麦产量,同时减少稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放的最佳处理组合为施0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2)矿粉和25 t/hm^(2)生物炭。