Effects of Ginkgo Leaf Extract on Function of Dendritic Cells and Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris

Objective： To investigate the effects of Ginkgo leaf extract （GLE） on function of dendritic cells （DO） and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with unstable angina pectoris（UAP）. Methods： Fifty-four patients with UAP were equally assigned into two groups, the treated group and the control group, both treated with conventional Western medicine, but with GLE given additionally to the treated group. Blood of all patients was taken before and 4 weeks after treatment to prepare the peripheral mononuclear cells, then which were incubated in the completed medium containing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor （GMCSF） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） to induce mature DO. The expression of co-stimulating factor CD86 （B7-2） on the surface of DC was detected by flow cytometry, and the stimulating capacity of DC was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction （MLR）. The blood levels of cytokines, interferon-γ （IFN-γ）, and IL-4, were analyzed by ELISA, and blood C-reactive protein （CRP） level by turbidimetry. Moreover, the direct effect of Ginkgolide B on CD86 expression on DO were also tested in vitro. Results： After treatment, CD86 expression on DO, the stimulating capacity of DO as well as levels of IFN-γ and ORP were lowered in both groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, but the changes were much more significant in the treated group than those in the control group. Ginkgolide B showed a direct inhibitory effect on the CD86 expression on DO. Conclusion： The inhibition of GLE on DO and thereby the suppression on inflammatory reaction may be one of the mechanisms of GLE in treating patients with UAP.

Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(银杏蜜环口服溶液) attenuates inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in post stroke depression

OBJECTIVE The Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(Yinxingmihuan Koufu Rongye,YXMH),a representative drug for"Treating both Brain and Heart",showed considerable clinical effects in isch⁃emic cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases.Recently,it is reported that YXMH has the potential for treating myocardial and cerebral ischemia related mental disorders,such as post stroke depression(PSD)and chronic heart disease(CHD)associated anxiety disorder.However,its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated.Meanwhile,increasing evidence revealed that there are close functional links between depression and habenular nucleus.The present study investigates the underlying mechanism of YXMH on attenuating the inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in in a rat model of PSD.METHODS Rats were randomly devided into sham group,model group,Ginaton group(18 mg·kg^-1),Armillariella Mellea group(600 mg·kg-1),Fluoxetine group(10 mg·kg^-1),YXMH high-dose group(618 mg·kg^-1)and YXMH low-dose group(309 mg·kg^-1).The PSD model was induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation(2-Chloro-D-phenylalanine,PCPA,IH,200 mg·kg^-1,for 3 times,before the behavior test)in SD male rats.Then rats were treated with corresponding medicaments through gavage once a day until 3 weeks later,followed by body mass measurement,neurological deficit score evaluation,gripping strength and thermal withdrawl latency measurement,as well as depression related behavioral indicators,the open field test(OFT)and sucrose preference test.The pathological morphological changes of habenular nucleus was observed by HE staining,the expression of IBA-1 was measured and analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining,and alterations of proteins and genes related to the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis were analyzed using Western blotting(CX3CL1,CX3CR1)and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(CX3CL1,CX3CR1).RESULTS Compared with the sham group,rats in the model group manifested as decreased body mass,deficient neurological behavior and gripping strength,reduced loco⁃motor activity and sugar water consumption,as well as elevated thermal withdrawl latency(P<0.05,P<0.01).Mean⁃while,the pathological morphology of the habenular nucleus on the ischemic hemisphere showed significant neuronal degeneration,microglial proliferation,inflammatory cells and glia cells infiltration,together with up-regualted expression of IBA-1,CX3CL1,CX3CR1 protein and CX3CL1,CX3CR1 mRNA.YXMH attenuated inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through improving pathological morphology,inhibiting IBA-1 activation,down-regulating the expres⁃sion of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 proteins and genes,and thus improved the behavior performance of ischemic injury and depression.CONCLUSION YXMH ameliorates neurological deficit and depressive behavior in rat model of PSD induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation,and the mechanism is probably related to attenu⁃ating inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis.

The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Dropping Pill Combined with Butylphthalide Capsule on Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients after Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Impact on Serum Cytokines

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills combined with butylphthalide capsules on cognitive dysfunction in patients after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its impact on serum cytokines CRP, IL-6, and Hcy. Methods: This study selected 76 patients with cognitive dysfunction after ischemic stroke who were hospitalized at Zhuji People’s Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. The patients were divided into two groups. The control group was treated with butylphthalide capsules, while the combination group received Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The neurological function, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and levels of serum cytokines CRP, IL-6, and Hcy were compared between the two groups after 1 month and 3 months of treatment. Results: The NIHSS scores, MMSE scores, ADL scores, and levels of CRP, IL-6, and Hcy in both groups showed statistically significant differences compared to before treatment (P Conclusion: The combination of Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills and butylphthalide capsules has a better therapeutic effect on cognitive dysfunction in patients after ischemic stroke. It can improve the neurological function and cognitive function of patients, enhance their ability to perform daily activities, and reduce inflammatory responses.

Effect of Ginkgo Leaf Extract on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Early Stage Diabetic Nephropathy

Objective:To explore the effect of ginkgo leaf extract(GLE) on vascular endothelial function(VEF) in patients with early stage diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods:Sixty-four patients were randomized equally by a randomzing digital table into two groups,the treated group and the control group.They were all treated for 8 weeks with conventional therapy for diabetes,but GLE tablets were given to the treated group additionally. Changes in VEF were estimated before and after treatment by ultrasonic examination of t...

Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Dipyridamole Injection as Adjuvant Treatment for Angina Pectoris:A Meta-Analysis of 41 Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective： To provide information about the effectiveness and safety of Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Dipyridamole Injection （GD） as one adjuvant therapy for treating angina pectoris （AP） and to evaluate the relevant randomized controlled trials （RCTs） with meta-analysis. Methods： RCTs concerning AP treated by GD were searched in China Biology Medicine Disc （SinoMed）, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database （CNKI）, the Chinese Scientific Journals Database （VIP）, Wanfang Database, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from inception to February, 2017. The Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool was adopted to assess the methodological quality of the RCTs. The Review Manager 5.3 software was utilized to conduct the meta-analysis. Results： A total of 41 RCTs involving 4,462 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that the combined use of GD and Western medicine （WM） against AP was associated with a higher total effective rate [risk ratio （RR）=1.25, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.21-1.29, P〈0.01], total effective rate of electrocardiogram （RR=1.29, 95% CI： 1.21-1.36, P〈0.01）. Additional, GD combined with WM could decrease the level of plasma viscosity [mean difference （MD）=-0.56, 95% CI： -0,81 to -0.30, P〈0.01], flbrinogen [MD=-1.02, 95% CI： -1.50 to -0.54, P〈0.01], whole blood low shear viscosity [MD=-2.27, 95% CI： -3.04 to -1.49, P〈0.01], and whole blood high shear viscosity （MD=-0.90, 95% CI： 1.37 to -0.44, P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Comparing with receiving WM only, the combine use of GD and WM was associated with a better curative effect for patients with AP. Nevertheless, limited by the methodological quality of included RCTs more large-sample, multi-center RCTs were needed to confirm our findings and provide further evidence for the clinical utility of GD.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Liver Fibrosis of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Ginkgo Leaf

Objective To study the anti-liver fibrosis effect of Ginkgo leaf in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods: Eighty-six patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into two groups with similar general condition. The 42 patients in the treated group were treated with Ginkgo leaf tablet (GLT), and the 44 patients in the control group were treated with Yiganling tablet. The treatment was conducted for 3 successive months in both groups. Changes in the histo-pathology of liver, serum levels of platelet activating factor (PAF), hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen type IV (C-IV), laminin (LN) and pro-collagen peptide type III (PC III) were observed before and after treatment. Results The markedly effective rate and the total effective rate in the treated group were 45.1% and 76.2% respectively, while in the control group the corresponding rates were 18. 2% and 43. 2%. Comparison between the two groups showed significant differenceP<0.01). Serum levels of PAF, HA, C-IV, LN and PC III were lowered significantly in the treated group after treatment. Compared with the corresponding parameters in the control group after treatment, the differences were all significant (P<0.01 orP<0.05). The pathological examination of liver showed improvement in both groups, the inflammation grade lowered in 10 patients (55. 6%) of the treated group and in 5 patients (35. 7%) of the control group, insignificant difference was shown between them. But in comparing the fibrosis staging lowering patients between the two groups, 12 patients (66. 7%) vs 3 patients (21.4%), the difference was significantP<0.05). Moreover, there were 4 patients in the control group with their fibrosis aggravated, while in the treated group, none was aggravatedP<0.05). Conclusion Ginkgo leaf tablet has some liver protective and anti-liver fibrosis benefits.

Altitudinal variation in Ginkgo leaf characters: Clues to paleoelevation reconstruction

After detailed studies of leaf area, leaf shape index, petiole length, stomatal density, stomatal index, and carbon isotope discrimination of Ginkgo biloba L., growing in Northwest China, the change trends of these parameters with an altitude gradient and their differences between sun and shade leaves were assessed. The results show that leaf area, petiole length, and stomatal parameters have no obvious linear relationship with altitude, but the carbon isotope discrimination shows a negative correlation with altitude, which has a potential to be an applicable paleo-altimeter. The results also suggest that the differences in stomatal density and stomatal index between sun and shade leaves had more influence on paleoelevation reconstruction than that in other parameters. Based on the linear and nonlinear correlations between carbon isotope discrimination and altitude, the paleoelevation evolution during the Middle Jurassic of the Yaojie Basin, Lanzhou in Gansu Province was estimated. The results show that the paleoelevation of the Yaojie Basin increased at first, and then decreased from the Aalenian to the early Bajocian and then to the late Bajocian in the Middle Jurassic.

Protective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract on Learning and Memory Deficit Induced by Aluminum in Model Rats

Objective： To examine the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract （GbE） on learning and memory deficit induced by aluminum chloride （AlCl3）, and explore its mechanisms. Methods： The rat models with learning and memory deficit were induced by administering via gastrogavage and drinking of AlCl3 solution. And the model rats were treated with GbE at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg every day for 2 months accompanied with drinking of AlCl3 solution, respectively. Their abilities of spatial learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze, and the acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） activity in serum was assayed with chemical method, the AChE expression in hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemistry assay, and then quantitative analysis was done by BI 2000 image analysis system. Results： Learning and memory deficit of rats could be induced by AlCl3 solution （P〈0.01）, and AChE expressions in rats hippocampus were increased （P〈0.01）; GbE ameliorated learning and memory deficit and reduced AChE expression in rats hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner, while GbE significantly increased serum AChE activity at the dose of 200 mg/kg each day （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： GbE can ameliorate learning and memory deficit induced by AlCl3, which may be due to its inhibition of the AChE expression in hippocampus.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2, and Bax expression in rat models of spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND：Ginkgo biloba leaf extract exhibits neuroprotective effects in spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. OBJECTIVE： To investigate inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and Bcl-2/Bax expression in the injured spinal cord, and to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgo biloba leaf extract in rats with spinal cord injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, cell molecular biology experiment was performed at Soochow University, China from March 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 120 healthy, adult Sprague Dawley rats were selected for this study. Rat models of moderate acute thoracic （T9） spinal cord injury were established using the modified Allen method. Shuxuening injection was obtained from Zhenbaodao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China. Methylprednisolone was purchased from North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： All rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups. Only the spinal cord was exposed in the sham operation group rats. In the trauma group, rats were not treated with drugs following spinal cord injury. Rats in the hormone group were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone following spinal cord injury. Rats in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract group were intraperitoneally infused with a 1.0 mL/kg Shuxuening injection per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 1 hour, as well as 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after spinal cord injury, iNOS- and Bcl-2/Bax-positive cells were quantified with immunohistochemistry. Pathological changes were detected using hematoxylineosin staining under an optical microscope. RESULTS： Spinal cord injury in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups was milder compared with the trauma group. Demyelination was significantly ameliorated and the necrotic cavity was obviously reduced in the injured spinal cord of rats in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups at each time point. iNOS expression was increased in the injured spinal cord, and reached a peak at 5 days. The number of iNOS-positive cells was lower in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups compared with the trauma group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The number of iNOS-positive cells was lower in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract group compared with the hormone group at 7 and 14 days after spinal cord injury （P 〈 0.05）. Bcl-2 expression reached a peak at 3 days, and Bax expression reached a peak at 5 days following rat spinal cord injury. Bcl-2 expression was increased, but Bax expression was decreased in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups compared with the trauma group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Bcl-2 expression was greater, but Bax expression was reduced in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract group compared with the hormone group at 7 and 14 days after spinal cord injury （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Ginkgo biloba leaf extract exhibits neuroprotective effects by upregulating Bcl-2 expression, downregulating Bax expression, and significantly inhibiting high expressions of iNOS in the injured spinal cord. The neuroprotective effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract are greater compared with methylprednisolone at 1 week after spinal cord injury.

关于新疆准噶尔盆地中侏罗世奥勃鲁契夫银杏(Ginkgo obrutschewii Seward)叶表皮构造的讨论

通过对新疆准噶尔盆地白杨河地区中侏罗世奥勃鲁契夫银杏(Ginkgo obrutschewii Seward)模式产地及其邻区该种叶化石表皮构造的研究,笔者认为应以采自白杨河模式产地的化石材料作为认定该种主要特征的依据。尽管G.obrutschewii的外部形态和叶表皮构造可能具有一些变异特征,但综合而言,该种叶表皮构造主要特征似应为:表皮气孔器特征通常为下气孔式,上下表皮细胞均普遍发育强度不同的角质化丘状或低缓的乳状突起,垂周壁略直或微弯;气孔器单唇式,保卫细胞近孔缝处唇状加厚强烈,副卫细胞通常强烈角质化,表面常发育瘤状或团块状角质化加厚。目前对该种叶化石的采集及其表皮构造的研究尚不充分,相关研究有待进一步深入。近年来,俄罗斯学者归于本种的产于新疆福海的银杏叶片化石,及其对本种叶表皮构造特征的补充等,尚值得商榷。

银杏叶总黄酮绿色提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素实验考察了低共熔溶剂种类、液料比、提取温度、n(氯化胆碱)∶n(尿素)、低共熔溶剂含水量、提取时间对银杏叶总黄酮提取率的影响,通过响应面法进一步优化了银杏叶总黄酮的提取工艺,并通过测定银杏叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、·OH、·O_(2)^(-)的清除能力,金属离子螯合能力及总还原能力综合评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最优提取工艺为:液料比30∶1(mL∶g)、提取温度57℃、n(氯化胆碱)∶n(尿素)为1∶1.6、低共熔溶剂含水量40%、提取时间60 min,在此条件下,银杏叶总黄酮提取率为1.062%,且其抗氧化活性显著优于传统乙醇提取工艺。

Optimal Method of Extraction Process of Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba

[Objectives] To optimize the extraction of total flavone in folium Ginkgo biloba leaves.[Methods] Using the ultrasonic extraction method, the three levels of maximum impact were selected by each factor selection, and the optimal extraction technology was obtained by box-benhnken test design analysis.[Results] After analyzing the results, the optimal process was as follows: a time of 28.89 min and liquid/material ratio of 31.38∶ 1, the temperature was 40.74℃. In this way, NaNO 2-Al (NO 3) 3-NaOH was used as color developing agent, and the theoretical extraction of flavone in ginkgo leaf can reach 11.74 mg/g.[Conclusions] This method can be used to extract total flavonoids from G. biloba leaves with simple operation, low cost and good repeatability.

Effects of four metal Ions on phenylalanine ammoni-alyase activities and flavonoids content of ginkgo biloba leaves

The enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from six years old Ginkgo biloba leaves in the potted orchard were induced by four groups of metal ions respectively. The PAL activities and flavonoids content were measured by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of the whole year were also studied. The results showed that four groups of metal ion treatments had significant effects on the PAL activities and flavonoids contents in Ginkgo leaves. The treatments with 0.1% and 0.3% FeSO4, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% ZnSO4, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% MnSO4, 0.1% and 0.4% CuSO4 not only enhanced flavonoids contents, but also extended the optimum harvest dates of ginkgo leaves. The optimum combination was 0.1% FeSO4, 0.2% ZnSO4, 0.3% MnSO4, and 0.4% CuSO4. It could improve flavonoids content up to 1.619 4%.

银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者的临床疗效

目的探讨银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者的临床疗效。方法122例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组61例,对照组给予前列地尔,观察组在对照组基础上加用银杏叶提取物,疗程3个月。检测临床疗效、肺功能指标(FVC、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)/FVC)、血气指标(PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2))、PASP、mPAP、IL-6、ET-1、hs-CRP、NO、右心功能指标(RVEF、RVESD)、不良反应发生率变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组肺功能指标、PaO_(2)、RVESD升高(P<0.05),PaCO_(2)、IL-6、ET-1、hs-CRP、NO、RVEF降低(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔可安全有效地改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺动脉高压患者肺功能和右心功能,减轻炎症反应。

复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗轻中度血管性痴呆

目的探讨复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗轻中度血管性痴呆的临床疗效及对患者各临床检测指标的影响。方法选择2022年9月-2023年5月收治的轻中度血管性痴呆患者140例,随机分为对照与治疗组,各70例。对照组给予银杏叶提取物注射液治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗。比较2组临床疗效结果,治疗前后认知、神经功能、精神行为症状、血液流变学、血流动力学、应激反应指标、血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)水平变化,比较2组不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组治疗6个月后临床疗效总有效率(95.71%,67/70)高于对照组(78.57%,55/70)(P<0.05)。2组治疗6个月后MMSE评分、大脑前动脉平均血流速度、中动脉平均血流速度及血清SOD、VEGF、BDNF水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05);2组治疗6个月后NIHSS、NPI-Q评分、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆黏度及血清MDA、Caspase-12、CRP78、MMP-9、MMP-2水平代于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方苁蓉益智胶囊治疗轻中度血管性痴呆患者临床疗效较好,安全性较高。

银杏落叶色素染料提取工艺的优化及染色应用

为了探索银杏落叶中色素染料的提取工艺及在棉织物染色中的应用.利用单因素试验和正交试验法探明银杏叶色素提取的最佳工艺,通过测试染色后棉织物的K/S值分析不同酸碱度条件下对棉织物染色效果的影响.结果表明,银杏落叶中色素染料提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶10,乙醇体积分数80%,提取温度80℃,提取时间60 min.在pH值为3、5、7时染色棉织物K/S值都高于pH值为9、11时的染色棉织物K/S值,也就是说在酸性和中性条件下银杏落叶色素染料对棉织物的染色效果优于在碱性条件下的染色效果.

琥珀酸美托洛尔联合银杏达莫注射液对冠心病心绞痛患者心率变异性、血液流变学的影响

目的探讨银杏达莫注射液联合琥珀酸美托洛尔对冠心病心绞痛患者水平的影响。方法选取济南市第四人民医院2019年7月-2021年7月收治的冠心病心绞痛患者80例,随机数字表法将其分为对照组(38例)和观察组(42例)。对照组采用银杏达莫注射液治疗;观察组在对照组基础上给予琥珀酸美托洛尔治疗。比较2组治疗前后心绞痛发作次数与持续时间、血清炎症因子水平、24 h动态血压、心率变异性(heart rate variabiliby,HRV)、血液流变学指标;比较治疗后2组临床治疗效果、不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组心绞痛发作次数、持续时间、6 min步行测试距离与对照组相比较,发作次数持续较短、距离较长(P<0.05);治疗后,2组血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平相比均低于治疗前,HRV比较均高于治疗前,且观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,2组的24 h动态血压、纤维蛋白原、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度差值相比均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经琥珀酸美托洛尔联合银杏达莫注射液对早期冠心病心绞痛患者进行治疗后,降低患者血黏度,减少患者的发作次数与持续时间,HRV均升高,血液流变学指标、24 h动态血压水平均降低,血清炎症因子得到抑制,防止病情进一步的发展,临床效果较为显著。

银杏达莫注射液联合丁苯酞治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者采用银杏达莫注射液联合丁苯酞治疗的临床效果。方法选取2021年11月至2022年3月在稷山县人民医院接受治疗的ACI患者共计92例,以随机数表法分为对照组与研究组,各46例,对照组给予丁苯酞治疗,研究组给予银杏达莫注射液联合丁苯酞治疗,对两组临床疗效、神经功能缺损、血流速度指标、血液流变学指标、功能恢复结局、不良反应进行比较。结果研究组治疗有效率(95.65%)较对照组(80.43%)更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后与同组治疗前相比,美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)均降低,且研究组较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后与同组治疗前相比,舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、平均血流速度(Vm)、收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)均加快,研究组较对照组更快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后与同组治疗前相比,血浆粘度(PSV)、全血高切粘度(HSV)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)降低,研究组较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访6个月与同组治疗前,两组改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分降低,研究组较对照组更低(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义;研究组不良反应发生率(4.35%)较对照组(23.91%)更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ACI患者采用银杏达莫注射液联合丁苯酞治疗,能够促进临床疗效提升,改善神经功能、血流速度,促进血液流变学指标改善,减少不良反应发生。

银杏叶提取物-壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合膜对冷鲜牛肉保鲜效果的影响

为开发具备优质保鲜效果的复合膜,该试验将银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba leaf extract,GBLE)作为保鲜剂加入到壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇(chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol,CS/PVA)复合膜中,研究不同添加量的GBLE(2%、6%和10%,质量分数)对复合膜性能的影响,并应用到冷鲜牛肉保鲜中。结果表明,GBLE能显著提高复合膜的拉伸强度、不透明度和抗氧化活性(P<0.05),显著降低复合膜的断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率(P<0.05)。在12 d的保鲜试验中,与对照组相比,GBLE-CS/PVA复合膜组冷鲜牛肉的感官评分更高,且能有效延缓冷鲜牛肉的pH值、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮含量以及硫代巴比妥酸值的上升。因此,GBLE-CS/PVA复合膜在冷鲜牛肉贮藏保鲜方面具有应用前景。

金叶银杏叶表型及光合特征对遮阴的响应

【目的】探究金叶银杏对光照的需求,为其人工栽培技术管理提供参考依据。【方法】以5年生金叶银杏为试材,分化为金叶品系和绿叶品系,测定不同遮阴条件下叶片的表型、细胞结构、光合色素、光合参数及叶绿素荧光参数,比较分析遮阴对金叶银杏的影响。【结果】随着遮阴强度增大,金叶品系的叶长、叶宽、叶面积以及叶片总厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度逐渐增加,绿叶品系的叶片总厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度随遮阴强度增加呈先升后降的趋势。金叶品系叶片的L*值和b*值随遮阴强度增大逐渐减小,a*值呈先降后升的趋势;绿叶品系叶片L*值、a*值和b*值均随着遮阴强度增大逐渐减小。各遮阴处理下,绿叶品系叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于金叶品系,2个品系叶片的色素含量随遮阴强度增加先提高、后下降;金叶品系和绿叶品系的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均随遮阴强度增加逐渐下降,胞间CO_(2)摩尔分数呈先升后降的趋势。金叶品系叶片的初始荧光(F_(o))、最大荧光(F_(m))、可变荧光(F_(v))、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(F_(v)/F_(o))、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))随遮阴强度增加逐渐增大,绿叶品系叶片F_(v)/F_(o)、F_(v)/F_(m)的变化与金叶品系一致。根据主成分分析结果可知,绿叶品系在30%遮光率处理下综合得分排第1位,金叶品系在50%遮光率处理时综合得分排第3位。【结论】50%遮阴条件适宜金叶银杏品系的生长,30%遮阴条件更适宜绿叶银杏品系的生长。