A group decision model for credit granting in the financial market

Group decision models that contemplate the particularities of the decision-making process help organizations pursue their strategic objectives.In the financial market,the primary interest of organizations consists in ensuring financial returns,which guarantee stability for the organization.This study identifies major problems in the current process of credit granting in the financial market and argues the need for automatizing the organizational decision process while respecting the autonomy of decision-makers.To this end,this study proposes a group decision model based on the Strategic Choice Approach(SCA)for granting credit in a financial market organization.The results show that the adoption of the proposed model offers considerable gains in terms of organizational goals,transparency of the decision-making process,security for decision-makers,and reduction of organizational conflicts.

Credit granting sorting model for financial organizations

Considering the environment of risks and influences inherent in the decision-making process for credit-granting operations,it has become a matter of survival for financial organizations to seek to improve how they engage in effective decision-making to ensure that their returns on invested capital will meet the expectations established at the beginning of the process.A credit-granting sorting model for financial organizations is proposed.The model aggregates the perspectives of different decision-makers to support an organization in the process of credit analysis and,consequently,to improve its operationality.The decision-making model is based on the ELECTRE TRI-B multicriteria method.It sorts credit-granting proposals into three classes,namely credit approved,technical analysis,and credit rejected.The group decision emerges from the decision rules of the organization’s executive board.This new proposed approach to dealing with credit-granting results in the systematization of credit analysis,reduction of doubt among decision-makers,avoidance of the emergence of informal groups,reduction of conflicts within a financial organization,and external interferences.

Discretionary Power in the Course of Granting Graduate Degree in America and Its Enlightenments

Graduate education is the key support to the national competitive and technological levels. Therefore, the system of granting graduate degree was clearly guaranteed in the national level. For example, there are Education Law and Higher Education Law in China; the people＇ s education right is protected by federal constitution in the United States, and also universities or institutes have their own charters to claim the relative rights. The system safeguards the legitimacy of degree granting, but also gives a considerable discretionary power to the granting units who can grant or cancel the degree.

英语边缘虚词granted的语义演变及语法化

在现代英语共时平面,granted有动词的过去式及过去分词、形容词及边缘虚词用法。从历时角度看,granted的用法由最初动词过去式逐步由实到虚演变为边缘虚词,是语法化的结果。隐喻、重新分析、主观性和主观化是granted语言演变的机制和动因。

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

A Special Celebration Sharing joy through cultural exchanges far away from home

Thanks to the scholarship granted to me by the China Scholarship Council under the Project on Innovative Talent in African Studies,I had the incredible opportunity to spend six months living in Ibadan,Nigeria’s third-largest city,and study at the University of Ibadan.Intrigued by teaching and eager to gain insights into local schools,I applied to be a Chinese teacher at Abiodun Metropolitan Schools.

Granting Equality

The latest amendment to the Electoral Law attempts to bridge the urban-rural gap and make advancements toward China’s socialist democracy

Request-Granting-Resistance Sequence in Chinese Public Service Calls

This study draws on a database of 200 citizens’ telephone calls to a Chinese radio program phone-in helpline and uses conversation analysis as the methodology to examine citizens’ requests for assistance,officials’ granting responses to citizens’ requests,citizens’ or the host’s resistance to officials’ granting responses.It is found that citizens make complaints about their previous failure to solve their problems in a way that is not merely to legitimize their current requests for assistance but also to ask for an account of their previous failure to have matters satisfactorily resolved,since in many cases even when officials grant citizens’ requests,the granting is followed by those citizens’ pursuit of reasons for or remedy to their previous failed resolution attempts.The study also analyzed how citizens’ resistance to officials’ responses is handled and how the final agreement is reached.The findings of this study contribute to the study of turn design of requests and preference organization of responses to requests and have implications for responses to requests in service encounters.

Research on the social stratificationof rural-to-urban migrants in China and paths to the granting of urban residency

Today,China has roughly 260 million rural-to-urban migrants,and most are young working-age people.The improving socioeconomic status of these migrants and structural optimization of their living conditions in urban inflow areas contribute significantly to China's economic development Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2018,this paper conducts an exploratory factor analysis and establishes a three-dimensional stratification framework and a standardized socioeconomic index for rural-to-urban migrants.Graphically,the social stratification of migrants shows an"onion-shaped"structure with a low gravity center and two ends that taper off.Class differentiation among rural-to-urban migrants is apparent.A blue-collar group,positioned in the lower middle part of the stratification scheme,account for 70%of the population.This paper presents a horizontal comparison of the socioeconomic situations of rural-to-urban with urban-to-urban migrants and finds the latter have a more advanced social structure.Education may be the most fundamental reason for stratification differences.The social structure of rural-tourban migrants improved significantly during the years 2012 to 2018.However,the primary gains accrued to elite and professional groups while the proportion to the total size of the migrant population of the disadvantaged group at the bottom of the social structure remained nearly the same.This change in social structure suggests that some blue-collar migrants,especially skilled workers,moved upward into the professional group;however,migrants at the bottom of the structure without adequate education and lacking vocational skills hardly moved upward.Thus,this paper proposes investing more in rural education to help effectively implement policies to address this problem.

Aortic Dissection Research in China:Analysis of Studies Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Objective The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)has made great progress in promoting the development of aortic dissection research in recent years.This study aimed to examine the development and research status of aortic dissection research in China so as to provide references for future research.Methods The NSFC projects data from 2008 to 2019 were collected from the Internet-based Science Information System and other websites utilized as search engines.The publications and citations were retrieved by Google Scholar,and the impact factors were checked by the InCite Journal Citation Reports database.The investigator’s degree and department were identified from the institutional faculty profiles.Results A total of 250 grant funds totaling 124.3 million Yuan and resulting in 747 publications were analyzed.The funds in economically developed and densely populated areas were more than those in underdeveloped and sparsely populated areas.There was no significant difference in the amount of funding per grant between different departments’investigators.However,the funding output ratios of the grants for cardiologists were higher than those for basic science investigators.The amount of funding for clinical researchers and basic scientific researchers in aortic dissection was also similar.Clinical researchers were better in terms of the funding output ratio.Conclusion These results suggest that the medical and scientific research level of aortic dissection in China has been greatly improved.However,there are still some problems that urgently need to be solved,such as the unreasonable regional allocation of medical and scientific research resources,and the slow transition from basic science to clinical practice.

Evaluating grant proposals:lessons from using metrics as screening device

Purpose:This study examines the effects of using publication-based metrics for the initial screening in the application process for a project leader.The key questions are whether formal policy affects the allocation of funds to researchers with a better publication record and how the previous academic performance of principal investigators is related to future project results.Design/methodology/approach:We compared two competitions,before and after the policy raised the publication threshold for the principal investigators.We analyzed 9,167 papers published by 332 winners in physics and the social sciences and humanities(SSH),and 11,253 publications resulting from each funded project.Findings:We found that among physicists,even in the first period,grants tended to be allocated to prolific authors publishing in high-quality journals.In contrast,the SSH project grantees had been less prolific in publishing internationally in both periods;however,in the second period,the selection of grant recipients yielded better results regarding awarding grants to more productive authors in terms of the quantity and quality of publications.There was no evidence that this better selection of grant recipients resulted in better publication records during grant realization.Originality:This study contributes to the discussion of formal policies that rely on metrics for the evaluation of grant proposals.The Russian case shows that such policy may have a profound effect on changing the supply side of applicants,especially in disciplines that are less suitable for metric-based evaluations.In spite of the criticism given to metrics,they might be a useful additional instrument in academic systems where professional expertise is corrupted and prevents allocation of funds to prolific researchers.

A Machine Learning Based Funding Project Evaluation Decision Prediction

Traditional linear statistical methods cannot provide effective prediction results due to the complexity of human mind.In this paper,we apply machine learning to the field of funding allocation decision making,and try to explore whether personal characteristics of evaluators help predict the outcome of the evaluation decision?and how to improve the accuracy rate of machine learning methods on the imbalanced dataset of grant funding?Since funding data is characterized by imbalanced data distribution,we propose a slacked weighted entropy decision tree(SWE-DT).We assign weight to each class with the help of slacked factor.The experimental results show that the SWE decision tree performs well with sensitivity of 0.87,specificity of 0.85 and average accuracy of 0.75.It also provides a satisfied classification accuracy with Area Under Curve(AUC)=0.87.This implies that the proposed method accurately classified minority class instances and suitable to imbalanced datasets.By adding evaluator factors into the model,sensitivity is improved by over 9%,specificity improved by nearly 8%and the average accuracy also increased by 7%.It proves the feasibility of using evaluators’characteristics as predictors.And by innovatively using machine learning method to predict evaluation decisions based on the personal characteristics of evaluators,it enriches the literature in the field of decision making and machine learning field.

Analysis of the Management Measures After the Issuance of National Grants in Higher Vocational Colleges

The national grants are a subsidy policy implemented by the government to help students with financial issues to complete their studies.It can promote the healthy development of China’s education and cultivate a large number of outstanding talents for the country.In specific practice,some higher vocational colleges did not take effective management measures after distributing the national grant,which prevented the national grant from playing its due role.Based on this,this article summarizes the problems in the management of higher vocational colleges after the issuance of national grants,explores effective management measures,and lists examples to summarize management experience,so as to provide guidelines for relevant personnel.

ECOMSED模式在杭州湾海域流场模拟中的应用

针对杭州湾独特的喇叭型强潮河口湾的特点,基于Blumberg等(1996)的ECOMSED模式,引入动边界技术,建立杭州湾三维动边界的潮流模型.模型以正交曲线坐标下三维非线性水动力方程为基本方程,应用Mellor和Yamada的2.5阶湍流闭合模型计算紊动黏滞系数,嵌入Grant和Madsen的底边界层模型考虑波浪对底部应力的作用,采用干湿网格法模拟潮流漫滩过程;综合考虑径流,风应力,密度流和M2,S2,K1,O1四个主要分潮和M4,S4,MS4三个浅水分潮的作用,从而提高杭州湾潮流模拟的精度.通过验潮站调和常数和多次海流连续观测资料的验证,表明该文建立的模型可以更好的用于杭州湾流场的预报模拟.

超低水头两叶片灯泡贯流式水轮机固液两相流研究

超低水头贯流式机组无论在电站增容改造方面,还是在超低水头开发方面,都具有巨大潜力。然而,水流中裹挟的泥沙会对机组运行产生不利影响,在汛期尤为严重,研究泥沙磨损问题对于机组的稳定运行具有重要意义。基于CFX平台,使用k-ε湍流模型,拉格朗日颗粒跟踪模型和Tabakoff and Grant磨损模型对2.1m超低水头下的两叶片灯泡贯流式水轮机进行了固液两相流数值模拟计算。通过实验验证数模计算的可靠性,对比单相及两相流工况下的涡流特性,探究不同泥沙浓度(Cv=1%~10%)、颗粒直径(D=0.1~1mm)对过流部件磨损位置、侵蚀率以及流动特性的影响。结论如下:在清水中加入泥沙颗粒后,泥沙颗粒对旋涡有增强作用;导叶凹面,叶片正面进水侧头部、叶片出水边、叶片轮缘,以及转轮室都是比较容易遭受磨损的部位;随着泥沙颗粒浓度、直径的增加,导叶、叶片及转轮室的磨损面积、磨损程度以及最大磨损率都呈上升趋势;相较于导叶,叶片和转轮室的磨损程度更为严重,在汛期运行时要更加注重磨损防护。

耳石系统的动力学响应

研究了耳石器官的动力学响应 ,得到的理论结果包括了Grant等人的所有结果并包含三种可能的动力学响应模式 .为定量了解耳石器官的动力学问题 ,提供了可靠的理论依据 .同时对于耳石器官内顶膜的Young′s模量 。

Medical Direct Cost of Hospital Admission for Cerebrovascular Accident on Medical Recovery at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé

Objectives: Appreciate the Medical direct cost for cerebrovascular accident on medical recovery at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Patients and method: This was a prospective and cross study that took place from 01st October 2015 to 31st July 2016 in the medical recovery Unit of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Results: Of the 91 stroke patients surveyed, the average age was 55.1 years;the sex-ratio (Men/women) was 1.3 and only 8.8% of patients had benefited from INAM (National Institute of Health Insurance) granting of benefits. The proportion of ICVA was 73.6% compared to 26.4% for the MCVA. The average overall cost of granting benefits of a CVA patient was 312,245 FCFA for an average stay of 18.6 days. This cost was 399.115 FCFA in MCVA for an average stay of 19.0 days against 281.130 FCFA in ICVA for an average stay of 16.1 days. Conclusion: CVAs on the one hand inflict losses of national productivity by its handicap, and a heavy economic burden for both patients and their families on the other hand, by its high cost of granting of benefits;Hence there is the need for assistance of all kinds by national and international health actors.

名人代言广告的意义迁移模型

随着名人代言广告的热潮,西方的名人广告理论也开始为我国的广告理论研究者所引进,其中,Grant McGracken的意义迁移模型备受广告心理学界关注。文章在其意义迁移模型基础上,结合中国品牌聘请名人代言的现状,分析了影响意义迁移过程的诸多因素,并将其加入到原来模型中形成新的更为具体的意义迁移模型以期对企业和广告人有一定的启发。