Green Tourism in Mountain Regions-Reducing Vulnerability and Promoting People and Place Centric Development in the Himalayas

In recent years, mountain regions are attracting great attention to Indian tourists in general and foreign tourists in particular. The potential mountain resources for promoting green tourism are enormous in the form of natural and cultural heritage such as biosphere reserves, flora and fauna, lakes and rivers and traditional rural resources. In order to utilise tourism industry market, uncontrolled numbers of tourists and related haphazard infrastructural facilities in the vulnerable mountain regions pose serious environmental implications. The ecological pressures are threatening land, water and wild life resources through direct and indirect environmental impacts together with generation of solid and liquid wastes, so green tourism is emerging as an important task in order to develop new relationship between communities, government agencies and private sectors. The strategy focuses on ecological understanding, environmental protection and ecodevelopment. The major attributes of the green tourism include environmental conservation and education and distribution of income to local people based on strong partnership. Various knowledge systems go a long way for achieving the goals of the green tourism, which creates awareness about the value of environmental resources. Mountains have ecological, recreational, educational and scientific values, which need to be utilised in sustainable way. Various tourist activities and facilities need to be diversified in order to achieve multiple benefits including scientific field excursion, recreation in natural and cultural areas, community festivals and sport tourisms. Green tourism considers tourism development as an integral part of a national and regional development. The paper discusses the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the green tourism with particular reference to village tourism development programme taking empirical evidences from the Himalaya. Such programme also minimises biophysical and human vulnerability and risks in mountain regions. The environmental consciousness campaign and introduction of code through multi- purpose Tourist Resource Centres are gaining currency in above context.

Integrating Green Tourism of Jiangxi Province into “One Belt and One Road” Strategy

"One Belt and One Road" is a signifi cant move of China to further deepen reform and opening up and improve economic development, and also a key working point of the future national development. This paper, on the basis of study on "One Belt and One Road" strategy and current situation of green tourism in Jiangxi, proposed that green tourism in Jiangxi could integrate into the construction of "One Belt and One Road" from the four perspectives of information flow, cultural flow, traffic flow and regional collaboration flow, which contributed to the implementation of national strategies, promoted green tourism development of Jiangxi, and showed the "exceptionally beautiful scenes" of Jiangxi.

Coupling and coordination relationship of tourism inclusive green growth system:Evidence from Shandong Province

Sustainable growth is a prerequisite for high-quality development,and inclusive green growth is regarded as an important way to realize sustainable growth.This paper constructs a tourism inclusive green growth index(IGGI)system based on the 2018 Asian Development Bank IGGI.Using Shandong Province from 2017 to 2019,the entropy weight method is utilized to explore the degree of coupling and coordination among the subsystems of tourism inclusive green growth.The study shows that:(1)the tourism IGGI continues to grow;(2)in the tourism inclusive green growth system,the social equity subsystem shows a trend of steady improvement;and(3)in the system,there is a slight discordance between the economic growth subsystem and the environmental sustainability subsystem.The study aims to provide the scientific basis for the high-quality development of tourism and theoretical support for the field of tourism and environmental sustainability.

Potentials of community-based tourism in transformations towards green economies after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in West China

This study investigates the contrasting sceneries of community-based tourism after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and focuses on the potentials of tourism in transformations towards green economies. How are tourism and environment linked in a sustainable relationship? And how can potentials of community-based tourism be directed in transformations towards green economies? A qualitative research design is used to examine contrasting sceneries and specific green elements of community-based tourism in a Qiang people's fortress village in Mao County, Sichuan Province, West China and further discuss how tourism can be compatible with human wellbeing through demonstrating a commitment to sustainable development. The study argues that potential economic, social and environmental costs of tourism need to be considered when evaluating the loss of community benefits toward sustainability. The green elements suggest the potential of community-based tourism in transformations towards green economies, involving green agricultural, green building, and green energy, green governance, green service and green consumption. This study will contribute to the debate about the relationship between tourism and environment sustainability in the green economies, as well as the critique of what can be learned for community development from green tourism in mountainous regions after the inevitable natural disasters.

Threshold effects of tourism agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry

Industrial agglomeration is an essential and effective way to integrate resources and elements. Its impact on the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry is a process of continuous development and dynamic change. This paper, based on the provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, uses super SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry.The threshold regression model is employed to conduct empirical tests of the nonlinear threshold effect of agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of tourism industry. The inter-provincial differences of various threshold effects and their possible causes are analyzed. Results indicate that the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry is generally growing, while regional disparity is significant with a gradient decrease along the eastern-central-western regions. There is an obvious positive nonlinear relationship between tourism agglomeration and green innovation efficiency. It is also found that with the increase of agglomeration, its influence is at a high level. As the level of agglomeration crosses the first threshold, its impact is at a low level, and when it crosses the second threshold, the impact of tourism agglomeration is at an intermediate level. Finally, this paper proposes the basic path and some policy recommendations to promote the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry in China.

Green development of rural tourism from the perspective of sharing economy

A tourist vacation that integrates leisure and learning has become a new fashion. In line with this development trend, rural tourism with unique charm has developed well. However, the delay and asymmetry of information in the development of rural tourism lead to the coexisting contradiction between lack of a large number of resources idle and the inability of satisfying tourists’ deep experience. The sharing economy can help match the supply and demand sides precisely to improve the efficiency of use of idle resource. The sharing economy is integrated into the development of rural tourism. Through the Internet platform, it can effectively realize the maximum use of idle resources of rural tourism, to promote green sustainable development of rural tourism in the context of sharing economy.

中国式现代化视域下旅游业绿色低碳发展的理论内涵与实践进路

中国现代旅游业的发展方针、战略战术、政策举措、工作部署等必须有机融入中国式现代化建设进程中。在共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明协调发展、人与自然和谐共生、人类社会和平发展等维度上,中国式现代化与旅游业绿色低碳发展互为条件、相互支持,具有较强的内在关联性。旅游业绿色低碳发展是中国式现代化建设的重要组成部分,中国式现代化为旅游业绿色低碳发展指明了方向。在新时代,中国旅游业绿色低碳发展取得一定成效,但绿色低碳发展意识有待增强,相关制度体系亟待完善,节能减排成效尚需提高,全产业链协同程度有待增强。在中国式现代化建设进程中,中国旅游业绿色低碳发展要坚持人与自然和谐共生理念,促进绿水青山与金山银山良性循环,丰富优质绿色低碳产品供给,确保多重复杂利益关系协调均衡,迈向持续强化旅游业绿色低碳发展意识、完善旅游业绿色低碳发展制度体系、革新绿色低碳旅游供给形式和内容、加强旅游业绿色低碳发展全产业链协同的实践进路,奋力谱写中国旅游业在中国式现代化建设新征程中的新篇章。

机器人应用对旅游产业绿色创新效率的影响

在全球范围内,机器人技术的迅猛发展正为旅游产业绿色发展转型提供新的动力.该文基于颠覆性创新理论,以2010—2019年中国省级旅游产业为研究对象,利用国际机器人联合会(IFR)数据,并结合超效率SBM模型和固定效应模型,对机器人应用对旅游产业绿色创新效率的影响进行了测量与分析.研究发现:1)机器人应用驱动了旅游产业绿色创新效率的提升,该结论在考虑内生性问题和进行稳健性检验时依然成立.2)机器人应用可以通过增强地区旅游业密集度和提高旅游行业竞争性两条路径,对旅游产业绿色创新效率产生正向作用.3)减少旅游业一般性人力资本可以强化机器人应用对绿色创新的促进作用.4)机器人应用对旅游产业绿色创新效率的积极影响存在显著的区域异质性.该研究为理解中国旅游产业绿色创新效率的发展提供了新视角,也对于合理利用机器人以提升旅游产业的绿色创新效率提供了实证依据和策略建议.

空间溢出视角下旅游发展的绿色经济效应检验与分析

旅游业的发展对建设美丽中国和贯彻生态文明战略至关重要,研究旅游发展的绿色经济效应具有必要的理论意义和现实意义。文章以2007—2019年中国280个地级市为研究对象,从空间溢出视角对旅游发展的绿色经济效应进行检验,进一步分析其空间异质性和效应边界。结论如下:(1)观察期内,我国城市绿色经济效率波动上升,效率分布呈“东部>西部>东北>中部”格局,“中部塌陷”特征明显;在考虑地理距离、经济距离和经济地理距离的情况下,旅游发展的绿色经济效应稳健性表现为溢出效应而非本地效应。(2)绿色经济效应空间异质性明显,溢出绿色经济效应呈中部>东北>东部>西部格局,西部本地和溢出绿色经济效应均显著,中部本地绿色经济效应表现为负向;效应不存在城市群和非城市群边界,均以溢出绿色经济效应为主。(3)绿色经济效应存在地理边界,1300千米后本地绿色经济效应开始逐渐由负转正,溢出绿色经济效应开始衰减。文章为旅游成为推动区域经济绿色发展的重要途径提供了理论支撑。

“双碳”目标下黄河流域旅游绿色生产率时空分异特征及影响因素——以陕西段为例

陕西作为黄河流域旅游资源赋存高密度区,其绿色发展对黄河流域高标准高质量地实现“双碳”目标起着重要作用。收集2010—2021年相关数据,采用非期望产出的SBM模型、ML指数及Tobit回归模型等方法对陕西旅游绿色生产率(TGTFP)的时空分异特征及影响因素进行了分析。研究表明:(1)在时序发展上,2010—2021年内陕西旅游能源消耗与碳排放总量呈上升态势,其静态TGTFP唯有2017年实现有效,动态ML指数在2010—2013年和2014—2019年内实现有效,但其他年份均表现为无效,在发展过程中均呈左高右低的山峰型。(2)在空间分异上,TGTFP呈现“关中最强,陕北高于陕南”的分异特征,三大区域内部市域发展渐趋均衡,而三大区域间分化显著导致了陕西总差异扩大。(3)影响因素上,政府干预、环境规制及城镇化水平等外部因素对陕西旅游绿色生产率具有显著的推动作用,但仍有强烈的内部阻力来自旅游总收入、旅游能源消费及碳排放。

中国省际绿色金融对旅游业碳排放强度的影响——基于产业结构的调节效应

在“碳达峰、碳中和”的时代背景下,绿色金融成为助力旅游业实现低碳发展的重要动力。基于2001—2019年中国省际面板数据,运用熵值法和“自下而上”法测度中国省际绿色金融指数和旅游业碳排放强度;在此基础上,构建固定效应模型探究绿色金融对旅游业碳排放强度的影响,并剖析产业结构优化升级在这一过程中发挥的调节效应。研究表明:①在时序上,中国旅游业碳排放强度总体呈下降趋势,绿色金融水平总体呈增长趋势;在空间上,旅游业碳排放强度呈现出由东向西递增的分异特征,绿色金融水平呈现出显著的“东部>东北部>中部>西部”的空间分布格局。②绿色金融、绿色技术水平可以显著降低旅游业碳排放强度。③产业结构优化升级能够增强绿色金融对旅游业碳排放强度的抑制作用,并对绿色金融与旅游业碳排放强度之间关系的调节作用存在区域异质性。

“双碳”战略下四川乡村旅游绿色转型的路径研究

乡村旅游的绿色转型是在“双碳”战略下乡村旅游业态创新的新思路,也是提升乡村旅游竞争力的新举措。通过阐述乡村旅游绿色转型对我国实现“双碳”目标的重要意义,剖析了四川乡村旅游绿色转型的现状和问题,总结提炼出完善乡村旅游绿色转型的提升路径,主要包括完善乡村旅游的顶层设计、创新乡村绿色旅游产品的开发等,为乡村旅游的健康、可持续发展提供了思路。

绿色食品在乡村康养旅游中的重要性研究

随着康养旅游需求的增长,绿色食品作为乡村康养旅游的核心要素,在满足游客康养需求、提升乡村旅游吸引力方面发挥了重要作用。本文对绿色食品的定义与分类进行探讨,并分析其在乡村康养旅游中的重要性和存在的问题,提出构建乡村绿色食品的全流程追溯系统、打造基于康养需求的定制化农产品供应链以及建立绿色食品与乡村旅游的协同品牌营销体系的策略建议。

国外绿水经济发展经验研究

进入新发展阶段,人们对水资源的需求由过去单纯的物质和文化需求拓展为美好生活需要的多方面需求。最突出的变化是我国水经济形态发生了深刻变化,诞生一批水经济新业态,笔者认为凡是直接或者间接利用“绿水”来引导资源发挥作用,推动生产力发展的经济形态就是绿水经济。绿水经济在发达国家发展多年,形成了一批具有代表性的经济形态。梳理选取“绿水+高端农业”“绿水+新型工业”“绿水+旅游”“绿水+健康”四个代表性经济形态,剖析各典型经济形态的具体做法,总结提炼主要经验,并提出我国发展绿水经济的政策建议。

ICT资本对旅游绿色发展效率的影响机理研究

ICT资本赋能旅游业绿色转型,驱动旅游业走向高质量发展道路。文章创新性地核算了中国30个省(区、市)的ICT资本和旅游绿色发展效率,采用SYSGMM和空间杜宾模型验证了ICT资本对旅游绿色发展效率的影响机制及其空间溢出效应。研究结果表明:(1)ICT资本对旅游绿色发展效率具有持续的积极影响。(2)ICT资本主要通过激发旅游技术创新、优化旅游产业结构、提升旅游人力资本来提高旅游绿色发展效率。(3)ICT资本对旅游绿色发展效率具有正向的空间溢出效应,且空间间接效应强于直接效应。在地理矩阵下,ICT资本对东部和西部省(区、市)的旅游绿色发展效率具有显著的空间溢出效应;而在经济矩阵下,东部和中部省(区、市)旅游绿色发展效率受ICT资本影响较显著。这为中国充分释放ICT资本红利,塑造中国旅游绿色发展格局,全面提升旅游绿色发展效率提供了价值指导。

政府主导下的绿色旅游供应链的三方博弈分析

运用微分博弈理论对由政府、旅游景区和旅行社组成的绿色旅游供应链系统进行研究。分别建立了无政府参与时旅游景区和旅行社构成的两方博弈模型和政府主导的Stackelberg博弈模型。比较分析了在有无政府干预供应链的不同模式下,旅游景区和旅行社分别采取成本分担、协同合作或非合作契约时的均衡结果,并进行了数值仿真。研究表明,消费者的绿色偏好对绿色旅游的发展有积极影响。如果政府作为主导者参与旅游供应链,同时对旅游景区和旅行社的绿色服务水平进行补贴,且旅游企业之间达成成本分担的合作契约时,各主体以及旅游供应链整体的收益均达到最优,有效助力了绿色旅游的良性发展。

走向共同富裕:绿色旅游发展缩小了城乡收入差距吗?——基于2011—2019年省级面板数据的研究

自确定共同富裕战略方向以来,城乡间收入差距并无显著缩小,甚至有扩大趋势。造成这一现象的原因,可能是大工业化的规模经济并不适合乡村发展,需要谋求新的方式去契合农村发展。文章基于2011—2019年省级面板数据,采用双向固定效应模型、门槛模型和空间杜宾模型,探讨绿色旅游发展对共同富裕的影响。研究发现:绿色旅游发展与共同富裕之间存在倒U形关系;以环境污染程度为门槛所展现出的效应呈现“抑制—促进”的变动趋势;共同富裕和绿色旅游发展之间存在空间溢出效应;A级景区数量在绿色旅游发展与共同富裕之间存在中介效应。

旅游产业复苏政策研究及对乡村旅游绿色复苏的启示

建立“政策工具-旅游要素”二维分析框架,采用质性分析方法对地方政府发布的旅游产业复苏政策文本进行量化分析。研究发现:供给型和环境型政策工具数量相当,需求型政策工具数量相对较低;不同旅游要素政策条目差异较大;在旅游要素中游、住、行以供给型政策工具为主,购以需求型政策工具为主,吃和娱以环境型政策工具为主;大西南、东北和大西北综合经济区省份政策参考点相对较多;高旅游资源区省份参考点和政策工具的数量相对较多。在政策文本分析基础上,从政策工具维度出发阐述现有复苏政策对乡村旅游产业绿色复苏的启示。

数字经济对旅游绿色全要素生产率的空间影响效应及机制研究

基于2011-2020年中国31个省份的面板数据,运用空间计量模型方法探究数字经济对旅游绿色发展的空间影响效应及机制。研究表明:(1)数字经济呈东部沿海省份的右旋转90度“T”型演变格局,旅游绿色全要素生产率呈中南-西南部省份连片组团的演变格局,二者演变存在正向空间关联。(2)数字经济对旅游绿色全要素生产率产生正向直接和负向溢出影响,东部地区、高互联网普及率省份受正向直接和负向溢出影响最明显,而低节能减排省份受负向溢出影响最明显。(3)数字经济通过绿色技术创新、产业结构调整对旅游绿色全要素生产率产生正向直接和负向溢出影响,两种中介路径抵消掉部分“数字隔离”的负向溢出影响,但仍无法打破“以邻为壑”的困境。

中原城市群旅游产业绿色发展水平评价及影响因素研究

旅游产业绿色发展是推动区域高质量发展与生态文明建设的重要手段。从旅游绿色增长、绿色财富、绿色福利3个维度,综合构建兼顾质量、效率与协调的旅游产业绿色发展理论框架,并运用熵权法、空间相关性分析、耦合协调度及地理探测器对中原城市群2015—2020年旅游产业绿色发展水平进行实证研究。结果表明:①中原城市群旅游产业绿色发展水平稳步上升,且内部表现出一定的协同演进态势;②区域上呈现“西部>中部>东部”的空间分布,形成了西部高值集聚和东部低值集聚的两极分化格局;③旅游产业绿色发展内部耦合协调发展水平与其综合发展水平基本吻合;④中原城市群旅游产业绿色发展水平的空间分布是多因素共同作用的结果,旅游绿色生产、产业结构升级、旅游经济绩效、游客体验性福利对其产生显著影响,且作用程度依次递减。