Synthesis of Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum by Phase Transfer Catalysis

HGG (Hydroxypropyl guar gum) was synthesized by phase transfer catalysis for the first time. The effects of alkalinity, phase transfer catalyst, etherification, pH value, temperature, reaction time and stirring speed were investigated. An optimal synthetic reaction technology was established, namely, dose of guar gum is 100 g, propylene oxide 40-50 g, HTAC (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ) 1.3-1.7 g, pH value 10-10.5, temperature 45-50℃, and reaction time 3-4 hours. The result shows that the improved HGG has high viscosity. Its dissolution speed, content of insoluble residue, colloid light transparency and stability are apparently superior to guar flour.

Strength properties of xanthan gum and guar gum treated kaolin at different water contents

Nowadays,using biopolymer as a ground improvement method has become very popular.However,since biopolymers are organic and degradable,their long-term effect is not fully known.In this study,the effects of biopolymers on the mechanical behavior of kaolin clay were investigated through a comprehensive program of experiments.Two types of biopolymer,i.e.xanthan gum and guar gum were chosen to investigate the effect of biopolymer type.For this purpose,specimens were prepared using standard Proctor energy at four different water contents(25%,30%35%and 40%)with 0.5%,1%,1.5%and 2%biopolymer inclusions.The specimens were cured for 1 d,7 d,28 d and 90 d.Moreover,some of the specimens were kept in the curing room for 3 years to observe the long-term effect of the biopolymers.At the end of the curing periods,the specimens were subjected to unconfined compression test,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis was performed to observe the mechanism of strength improvement.The results revealed that the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of the specimens treated with biopolymers increased in all biopolymer inclusion levels and water contents up to a 90-d curing period.For specimens containing xanthan gum,the maximum strength increase was observed at 25%water content and 2%xanthan gum with 90-d curing.The strength increased 5.23 times induced by xanthan gum addition when compared to the pure clay.Moreover,the increase in strength reached 8.53 times in specimens treated with guar gum.Besides,increasing water content caused more ductile behavior,thus increasing the axial deformation.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modulating gut microbiota.Partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic syndromes.However,its effects on NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.To determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis.METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLD)for 8 wk,with or without 5%PHGG.Increased intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium.Body weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were investigated.RESULTS Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG treatment.Furthermore,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluating the lumen-to-blood clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran.PHGG treatment did not affect fatty acid metabolism in the liver.However,it decreased lipopolysaccharide signaling through the gut-liver axis.In addition,it significantly increased the abundance of cecal Bacteroides and Clostridium subcluster XIVa.Treatment with PHGG markedly increased the levels of SCFAs,particularly,butyric acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,and formic acid,in the cecal samples.CONCLUSION PHGG partially prevented NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis by modulating microbiota and downstream SCFA profiles.

Synergistic Interaction and Gelation in Cationic Guar Gum-Sodium Alginate System

The synergistic interaction between the cationic guar gum (the ammonium hydroxy-propyl-trimethyl chloride of guar gum) and sodium alginate has been studied. The effects of the mass ratio of them, mixed temperature, balk salt ion concentration, incubation time and pH value on gelation were investigated. It has been observed that there was a gel strength maximum when the mass ratio was 0.6, the mixed temperature was 70°C, the balk salt ion concentration was 1.0 mol·L?1, the incubation time was 30 min and the pH value was 8. Interaction between molecules of these two polysaccharides was investigated by FT-IR spectrometry. Key words cationic guar gum - sodium alginate - gelation - synergism CLC number O 629.12 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(29574173)Biography: He Dong-bao (1945-), male, Associate professor, research direction: modifying and gelating of natural polysaccharides.

High molecular weight guar gum assisted settling of fine solids in diluted bitumen:Effect of solvents

As water-based extraction technologies for producing bitumen from oil sands have received increasing environmental concerns,developing non-aqueous extraction(NAE)technique is of both fundamental and practical importance.However,the relatively high concentration of fine solids trapped in the extracted bitumen presents an obstacle for pipeline transport as well as upgrading and refining downstream.This research attempts to provide a solution to fine solids removal without using synthetic additives or affecting bitumen recovery from NAE process.Herein,naturally hydrophilic additives(i.e.,water and high molecular weight guar gum(HGG)produced from Cyamopsiste tragonolobuosr L.Taup.)were introduced to promote the settling of fine solids suspended in bitumen-solvent solution,and the effects of solvents(i.e.,toluene,cyclohexane and their mixtures)were systematically investigated.Aggregate size distribution analyzed by the focused beam reflectance measurements confirmed that the addition of water and HGG could promote the agglomeration and settling of fine solids in all solvents studied.However,the size range and quantity of the agglomerates vary significantly with the solvent's aromatic character.Solvent mixtures demonstrate a superior performance on removing fine solids from bitumen over single solvent.Specifically,in a 3:2 toluene/cyclohexane mixture,the solid content was lowered from 0.66 wt%to 0.09 wt%.

EFFECT OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT UPON THE VISCOSITY OF POLYMER GUAR GUM SOLUTIONS

The reduced viscosity of polymer guar gum solutions containing a certain concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） was measured. It has been found that the Huggins coefficient kH of polymer solutions is very sensitive to the concentration of the surfactant, CSDBS, in solutions. If CSDBS is lower than CMC, the critical micelle concentration of SDBS, kH increases rapidly with CSDBS. On the other hand, if CSDBS is larger than CMC, kH decreases rapidly with CSDBS. Comparatively, the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solution does not show a notable change with CSDBS. The experimental results indicate that the interchain association of polymer guar gum in solution is greatly associated with SDBS interacted with polymer chains through hydrogen bonds. However, the effect of SDBS upon the intrachain association of polymer guar gum solution is negligible, presumably due to the fact that guar gum is a slightly stiffened random-coil chain polymer.

INTERMOLECULAR AND INTRAMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS OF POLYMER GUAR GUM IN SOLUTIONS

The tetrahedral borate ion can crosslink with polymer guar gum in aqueous solutions. If the concentration of guar gum is less than 0.045 g/dL, the intramolecular interaction between guar gum and borate ion increases due to the formation of crosslinks. As a result, the polymer chains of guar gum in solution shrink in size and the reduced viscosity of polymer solution decreases accordingly. On the other hand, if the concentration of guar gum is greater than 0.045 g/dL, the intermolecular interaction becomes apparent due to the same reason. The polymer chains, therefore, associate together and the reduced viscosity of polymer solution increases considerably. According to this technique, the critical concentration c^＊, presented by de-Gennes, is determined successfully.

Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Solid-liquid Separation Experiment of Guar Gum Waste Liquid

Based on the water quality detection and analysis of guar gum waste liquid,as well as the data of experiments on the treatment of waste liquid under different viscosity and pH conditions,the influencing factors of solid-liquid separation under conventional"coagulation+filtration"treatment process are studied.Under the conventional"coagulation+filtration"treatment process,the viscosity of guar gum waste liquid is lower than 3 mPa·s;the pH is 6-7.5;the filtration accuracy is not lower than 20μm,which can meet better treatment conditions.This experimental study provides an experimental basis for the optimal design of the treatment process of guar gum waste liquid.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Guar Gum Grafted Acrylic Acid/Nanoclay Superabsorbent Composites and Its Use in Crystal Violet Dye Absorption

Natural gums can be tailored and used for the removal of toxic dyes like crystal violet via grafting techniques. However, grafting via microwave irradiation showed both higher yield and fast reaction kinetics as compared to conventional grafting. Silane modified nanoclay has been used to prepare acrylic acid grafted guar gum nanocomposites via microwave irradiation technique. The grafting was confirmed via infrared spectroscopy while XRD diffractograms suggested exfoliation of modified nanoclay in guar gum grafted acrylic acid. The reaction kinetic parameters have been optimized. The effect of nanoclay on swelling characteristics has been examined. The sensitivity of pH on swelling capabilities has also been assessed. The efficiency of the superabsorbent nanocomposite on the absorption of crystal violet dye has been studied. The superabsorbent nanocomposite loaded with 1.75% modified nanocaly was found to be optimal concentration for the removal of crystal violet dye.

Selective depression behavior of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation

The depression behavior and mechanism of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation were systematically investigated by flotation experiments, adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The flotation results for monominerals, mixed minerals, and actual mineral samples indicated that guar gum exhibited much higher selective depression for talc than for scheelite. Bench-scale closed-circuit tests showed that a tungsten concentrate with a WO_3 grade of 51.43% and a WO_3 recovery of 76.18% was obtained. Adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectral analyses confirmed that guar gum absorbed more strongly onto the talc surface than onto the scheelite surface because of chemisorption between guar gum and talc. This chemisorption is responsible for the guar gum's highly selective depression for talc and small depression for scheelite. The flotation results provide technical support for talc-type scheelite flotation.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum in pediatric functional abdominal pain

AIM:To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric chronic abdominal pain(CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A randomized,double-blind pilot study was performed in sixty children(8-16 years) with functional bowel disorders,such as CAP or IBS,diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients underwent ultrasound,blood and stool examinations to rule out any organic disease.Patients were allocated to receive PHGG at dosage of 5 g/d(n = 30) or placebo(fruitjuice n = 30) for 4 wk.The evaluation of the efficacy of fiber supplement included IBS symptom severity score(Birmingham IBS Questionnaire),severity of abdominal pain(Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score) and bowel habit(Bristol Stool Scale).Symptom scores were completed at 2,4,and 8 wk.The change from baseline in the symptom severity scale at the end of treatment and at 4 wk follow-up after treatment was the primary endpoint.The secondary endpoint was to evaluate compliance to supplementation with the PHGG in the pediatric population.Differences within groups during the treatment period and follow-up were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS:The results of the study were assessed considering some variables,such as frequency and intensity of symptoms with modifications of the bowel habit.Both groups were balanced for baseline characteristics and all patients completed the study.Group A(PHGG group) presented a higher level of efficacy compared to group B(control group),(43% vs 5%,P = 0.025) in reducing clinical symptoms with modification of Birmingham IBS score(median 0 ± 1 vs 4 ± 1,P = 0.025),in intensity of CAP assessed with the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score and in normalization of bowel habit evaluated with the Bristol Stool Scale(40% vs 13.3%,P = 0.025).In IBS subgroups,statistical analysis shown a tendency toward normalization of bowel movements,but there was no difference in the prevalence of improvement in two bowel habit subsets.PHGG was therefore better tolerated without any adverse effects.CONCLUSION:Although the cause of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders is not known,the results show that complementary therapy with PHGG may have beneficial effects on symptom control.

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat(CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum(FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat(CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.

Biodegradable Guar Gum Nanoparticles as Carrier for Tamoxifen Citrate in Treatment of Breast Cancer

We prepared, characterized and studied the biodistribution of tamoxifen citrate (TMX) loaded cross-linked guar gum (GG) nanoparticles (NPs). NPs were prepared via a single step emulsion process and particle size evaluated. The extent of tissue distribution and retention following oral administration of TMX loaded GG NPs and TMX tablet in female albino mice was analyzed over a period of 48 hours. Till 48 hours, the particles remained detectable in both mammary and ovary tissue (estrogen receptors). Uptake and retention of TMX from NPs and tablet in mammary gland and ovary tissue changed with time. Results showed that the uptake and retention of NPs was more in the mammary gland between 24 - 48 hours (11.2% at 24 h;4.65% at 48 h). As mammary gland is the target organ in breast cancer therapy, it may be concluded that the cross-linked GG NPs are capable of releasing the drug at the target and minimize the uptake and retention in non target tissue, the ovary (7.98% at 24 h;1.9% at 48 h). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with time were measured. No abnormal changes in the liver enzymes were observed. GG NPs under study can be used as a drug carrier system for treating cancer.

In-depth understanding of transport behavior of sulfided nano zerovalent iron/reduced graphene oxide@guar gum slurry: Stability and mobility

Nanoscale zero-valent iron(NZVI),which has the advantages of small particle size,large specific surface area,and high reactivity,is often injected into contaminated aquifers in the form of slurry.However,the prone to passivation and agglomeration as well as poor stability andmobility of NZVI limit the further application of this technology in fields.Therefore,sulfided NZVI loaded on reduced graphene oxide(S-NZVI/rGO)and guar gum(GG)with shearthinning properties as stabilizers were used to synthesize S-NZVI/rGO@GG slurries.SEM,TEM,and FT-IR confirmed that the dispersion and anti-passivation of NZVI were optimized in the coupled system.The stability and mobility of the slurry were improved by increasing the GG concentration,enhancing the pH,and decreasing the ionic strength and the presence of Ca^(2+)ions,respectively.A modified advection-dispersion equation(ADE)was used to simulate the transport experiments considering the strain and physicochemical deposition/release.Meanwhile,colloidal filtration theory(CFT)demonstrated that Brownian motion plays a dominant role in themigration of S-NZVI/rGO@GG slurry,and the maximummigration distance can be increased by appropriately increasing the injection rate.Extended-Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO)theory showed that the excellent stability and migration of S-NZVI/rGO@GG slurry mainly came from the GG spatial forces.This study has important implications for the field injection of S-NZVI/rGO@GG slurry.According to the injection parameters,the injection range of S-NZVI/rGO@GG slurry is effectively controlled,which lays the foundation for the promotion of application in actual fields.

Fabrication and evaluation of carboxymethyl guar gum-chitosan interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery

Guar gum(GG)has drawn more interest from researchers in the last several decades for the controlled delivery of drugs.The aim of the research is to fabricate and evaluate an interpenetrating polymer network(IPN)based nanocarriers system employing chemically modified GG to achieve controlled release of drug.In present study,we have reported the synthesis of carboxymethyl GG-chitosan IPN nanoparticles for controlled release of metformin hydrochloride.Carboxymethyl guar gum(CMGG)was synthesized and employed for developing IPN nanoparticles in combination with chitosan in varying polymeric ratios.A cross-linking agent,sodium tripolyphosphate(Na-TPP)was used for the synthesis of IPN colloidal suspension of nanoparticles which was lyophilized to obtain nanoparticles.The carboxymethylation of GG was confirmed through Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy.The mean particle size was 440.6 nm indicating a polydispersity index of 0.528.The drug entrapment efficiency was found to vary between 67.461.64%to 88.232.02%.The differential scanning calorimetry study revealed the presence of amorphous metformin hydrochloride as a homogenous dispersion in nanoparticles(NPs)matrix.In vitro drug release study indicated controlled release ability of developed IPN matrix.A2 formulation(chitosan:CMGG-1:1)exhibited 78.110.27%release after 8 h.Antidiabetic evaluation performed in alloxan-treated diabetic rat model exhibited a prolonged hypoglycemic efficacy over 6 h,for A2 formulation treated group,compared to the group receiving only metformin HCl,which demonstrated a reduction in blood glucose levels for up to 4 h.The study findings demonstrated the efficacy of the CMGG-chitosan based IPN nanoparticulate system for sustained delivery of therapeutic agents.

Novel succinoylated carboxymethyl guar gum nanocarriers of glimepiride for controlling type-2 diabetes

In this study,guar gum(GG)was chemically modified to its carboxymethyl derivative,which was then esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA)using a nucleophilic catalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine(DMAP)to render the derivative amphiphilic characteristics.The carboxymethyl guar gum(CMGG)and succinoylated CMGG was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)spectroscopy.The amphiphilic CMGG synthesized using DMAP/OSA ratio of 0.5:1(CMGGOSA-I),was found to be non-toxic.The amphiphilic guar gum self-assembled in water to form nanocarriers with mean diameter of 430 nm and zeta potential of19.0 mV.Transmittance electron microscope(TEM)image showed spherical nature of the developed CMGGOSA-I nanocarriers.In presence of amphiphilic CMGG,the aqueous solubility of glimepiride was enhanced by about 67-fold.The nanocarriers released glimepiride in simulated gastrointestinal fluids for a period of more than 24 h,following Higuchi's kinetics.Korsmeyer-Peppas modeling of the drug release data revealed that a combination of swelling and diffusion mechanism was operative in the event of drug release.In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model,the nanocarriers outperformed pure drug suspensions in terms of anti-diabetic activity,which lasted up to 24 h.Overall;the newly synthesized amphiphilic CMGG nanocarriers demonstrated controlled drug release properties and showed promise for controlling type-2 diabetes.

A dural substitute based on oxidized quaternized guar gum/porcine peritoneal acellular matrix with improved stability, antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties

Trauma and neurosurgery often result in dural defects and are followed by serious complications or even death, finding suitable dural replacement materials to repair the defective dura has important clinical significance. Porcine peritoneal acellular matrix(PPAM) is a promising alternative material, but its poor stability makes it difficult to meet the various needs of dural reconstruction. In this work, we developed a novel antibacterial cross-linking agent oxidized quaternized guar gum(OQGG) and used it for the first time to stabilize PPAM to construct a dural mater substitute(OQGG-PPAM). The results showed that 1.5%OQGG-PPAM presented suitable mechanical property as well as good thermal stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation. It also exhibited good antibacterial activity and good anti-leakage ability. Furthermore, 1.5% OQGG-PPAM not only exhibited excellent cell compatibility but also significantly stimulated the secretion of b FGF and VEGF from seeded cells which was convenient for dural remodeling. In vivo experiment, it also exhibited the excellent histocompatibility and good anti-adhesion property. This study showed that OQGG can be used as a novel antibacterial cross-linking reagent for crosslinking natural tissues and 1.5% OQGG-PPAM was a potential candidate material for dura mater substitute.

Development and application of guar gum crosslinked gel with adjustable gelation time for total loss treatment

To remediate the problem of severe or total losses,and meet the requirements of borehole plugging and pumping at different well depths,a novel crosslinked polymer gel(named HPG/Zr gel)with controlled gelation time and high gel strength was developed as loss circulation material,which mainly comprised hydroxypropyl guar gum,zirconium compound and triethanolamine.The influence of hydroxypropyl guar gum concentration,zirconium compound concentration,triethanolamine concentration and temperature on the gelation time of HPG/Zr gel was evaluated.In addition,the performance of HPG/Zr gel was investigated in terms of temperature resistance and shear resistance property,plugging ability and supporting cement slurry ability.According to the results,HPG/Zr gel can form a viscoelastic body with a network structure,and its gelation time can be practically adjustable.The results of the plugging experiment at different temperatures,pressures and pore sizes of quartz sand revealed that HPG/Zr gel could effectively plug sand pores at 150℃,and its pressure-bearing capacity can be up to 5 MPa.Employing its flow resistance and ability of supporting cement slurry,HPG/Zr gel was successfully applied in two geological boreholes by combining with cement slurry.Overall,the results of laboratory research and field tests indicate that HPG/Zr gel is useful for mitigating the lost circulation,and it is of huge importance to engineering applications.

Synthesis of Novel Nanocomposites of Silica and Guar Gum:Efficient Zinc Ion Binder

1 Results Adsorption using commercial activated carbon (CAC)[1] can remove heavy metals from wastewater[2-4].However,CAC remains an expensive material for heavy metal removal.Ion exchange techniques are also used but it generates volumetric sludge and increases the cost[5].Using naturally occurring seed polysaccharides can solve these problems but their solubility in water limits its application as an adsorbent.Guar gum is a commercially available,industrially important[6-7] polysaccharide material havi...

Monitoring freshness of chicken using intelligent pH indicator packaging film composed of polyvinyl alcohol/guar gum integrated with Ipomoea coccinea extract

With enormous amounts of food being wasted at every level of consumption,the future of food security is in jeopardy.The confusion aroused due to“best before”or“use by”can be eliminated by intelligent colorimetric indicators which communicate the quality of food.pH indicators have gained their attention because they are simple and visually informative.Using natural pigments to fabricate pH indicators can help reducing use of carcinogenic chemicals in packaging.In this work,anthocyanins extracted from a novel flower source named Ipomoea coccinea(ICE)were added to polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and guar gum(GG)matrix in varying amounts and was applied as antioxidant and intelligent pH indicator film to monitor the freshness of chicken fillets and to visually communicate the quality of chicken.The pH indicator was characterized for halochromism,antioxidant activity,thermogravimetry,water solubility,water contact angle,surface morphology,colorimetry and X-ray diffractograms.The color change of the extract was observed from orange to red to yellow.Film with highest amount of anthocyanin extract has increased thickness of 150.5±17.86a(μm),decreased water vapor transmission rate of 4.95±0.29a(mg day1 cm^(-2))and has a crystallinity of 52.35%.Anthocyanins started to degrade at 65◦C according to thermogravimetric analysis.The film with 20%ICE showed an excellent color change in pH solutions and the highest antioxidant activity of~91%.The food study results suggested that the developed film has the potential to be employed as an active and intelligent visual indicator in poultry packaging.