On Answering the Question Related to the Legal Regulation of Working Hours in the New Era:Western Experience and Chinese Approach

The popularity of flexible working hours around the world has slowed down the historical trend of reducing working hours.It even shows signs of regression.Whether and how to guide the cur-rent society with flexible working hours to return to the historical track of reducing working hours,improve the quality of working hours,and promote a smooth transition from the era of traditional standard work-ing hours to the era of flexible working hours has become a question related to the legal regulation of working hours in the new era.In this regard,although Western countries have proposed new regulatory concepts and carried out legislative practices with distinctive charac-teristics,the limitations of legal regulation capabilities have prevented them from proposing a package of institutional solutions.The advan-tage of China in the ability of legal regulation of working hours has been gradually formed in the legislation on working hours unnder the leadership of the CPC in the past century.It enables China to break through the limitations of the West and propose a Chinese approach to answer the question of the legal regulation of working hours in the new era from three aspects:limiting the extension of working hours,improving the quality of flexible working hours,and optimizing the funnctions of the multi-funnctional regulatory system for working hours.

The Impact of the Digital Economy on Rural Residents’Working Hours:Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence

The rapid development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus for rural residents to extend their working hours.Based on the data collected by the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,and 2018,this paper measured the development level of the digital economy in China from the perspectives of internet development and digital financial inclusion,and tested the mechanisms of how the digital economy affected rural residents’working hours.The results showed that the digital economy extended rural residents’working hours by expanding information channels and enhancing human capital,and this mechanism was affected by heterogeneity in rural residents’educational background,age,and social capital.Building on these findings,this paper holds that to increase rural residents’income by extending their working hours and achieving common prosperity for all,it is necessary to expand the opportunities for rural residents to participate in skills training and promote their accumulation of human capital.

Temperature Trends and Accumulation of Chill Hours, Chill Units, and Chill Portions in South Carolina

There is considerable concern about the potential impact of climate change on agriculture, such as the accumulation of chilling hours needed to break the dormancy of many perennial plants, like fruit trees. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if there had been a significant change in air temperatures and chill hours, chill units, and chill portion accumulation in South Carolina over the last two decades. Two decades of daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature records were obtained from weather stations in thirty-one counties in South Carolina. Hourly temperature data, reconstructed from the daily data, were used to calculate the daily and annual chill hours, chill units, and chill portions accumulation using four different chill models for each location and year. The chill models included the T(t) °C model, the 0°C °C model, the Utah model, and the Dynamic model. For each county, regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the historical trends. Despite year-to-year variability, the tendency was a statistically significant (α = 0.05) increase in air temperature, averaging 0.089°C per year for 20 out of 31 counties in South Carolina. The other 11 counties had no significant change in temperature. The average temperature increase in the 31 counties was 0.072°C per year. The temperature increase resulted in a decrease in annual chill accumulation during the fall to spring, averaging 17.7 chill hours, 8.6 chill hours, 17.0 chill units, and 0.40 chill portions per year calculated with the T(t) °C, 0°C °C, Utah, and Dynamic models, respectively. However, whether this decrease in chill values was statistically significant or not depended on the chill model used. This study did not investigate the cause of the observed historical trends in temperature and chill accumulation. Still, if the trends continue, they could significantly impact the future of the temperate fruit tree industry in the state.

Hourly Wage and the Likelihood of Stealing an Item

Researchers have extensively explored the impact of wages on individuals’ decisions to engage in property crimes. While most of these studies in the past have relied on macro-level data to investigate the relationship between crime rates and hourly wages, this paper takes a novel approach by utilizing micro-level data to examine the influence of hourly wages on the likelihood of stealing an item valued at least $50. The results obtained from the estimations reveal that an increase in hourly wage leads to a decrease in the probability of theft, all other factors being held constant. Further estimation by gender revealed that hourly wages given to both male and female have no bearing on the decision to steal. Additionally, the analysis of the differences in theft probabilities across gender and race demonstrates that males consistently exhibit a higher likelihood of engaging in theft when compared to females across various racial groups.

Modeling the Seasonal Temperature from Hourly Data: Seasonal Divisions

In this work, we present a general theoretical study leading to analytical expression of the seasonal temperature at the near surface that is expected to evaluate any area seasonal temperature of the world using the least square method to fit the hourly data to the theoretical curve of the temperature. It is shown that the temperature is globally the result of two contributions: the contribution of the revolution movement of the terrestrial globe on its elliptical orbit around the sun, the contribution of the spin-orbit coupling for the rotation movement of the terrestrial globe around its polar axis and its revolution movement. The orbital behavior of the temperature is used to find the seasonal divisions of the climate for the local area considered. The whole expression of the temperature is very useful for the meteorological needs. The contribution of the human activities and natural instabilities are the results of discrepancies which increase errors (standard deviations).

Estimation of Return Level for Maximum Daily and Hourly Precipitation in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, Using the Extreme Value Theory

The weather in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, can be roughly classified into four types according to principal component analysis and k-means clustering. We predicted the extreme values of the maximum daily and hourly precipitation in Nagano Prefecture using the extreme value theory. For the maximum daily precipitation, the vales of ξ in Matsumoto, Karuizawa, Sugadaira, and Saku were positive;therefore, it has no upper bound and tends to take large values. Therefore, it is dangerous and caution is required. The values of ξ in Nagano, Kisofukushima, and Minamishinano were determined to be zero, therefore, there was no upper limit, the probability of obtaining a large value was low, and caution was required. We predicted the maximum return levels for return periods of 10, 20, 50, and 100 years along with respective 95% confidence intervals in Nagano, Matsumoto, Karuizawa, Sugadaira, Saku, Kisofukushima, and Minamishinano. In Matsumoto, the 100-year return level was 182 mm, with a 95% CI [129, 236]. In Minamishinano, the 100-year return level was 285 mm, with a 95% CI [173, 398]. The 100-year return levels for the maximum daily rainfall were 285, 271, and 271 mm in Minamishinano, Saku, and Karuizawa, respectively, where the changes in the daily maximum rainfall were larger than those at other points. Because these values are large, caution is required during heavy rainfall. The 100-year return levels for the maximum daily and hourly precipitation were similar in Karuizawa and Saku. In Sugadaira, the 100-year return level for a maximum hourly rainfall of 107.2 mm was larger than the maximum daily rainfall. Hence, it is necessary to be careful about short-term rainfall events.

台湾地区高校Office Hours制度实践及其借鉴

20世纪90年代我国台湾地区高等教育迈入大众化发展阶段,为应对同时出现的教学质量开始下降的趋势,在台湾教育行政部门和教育评鉴机构的推动下,Office Hours制度被普遍应用于台湾地区高校的教学与管理之中。从实践来看,它已成为增进师生良性互动、激发学习动机、强化学习成效、提升教学质量与育人效果的有效机制。文章分析了Office Hours制度的实施背景,介绍了Office Hours制度的具体实践,在总结Office Hours制度特点的同时探讨了其对大陆高校的有益启示。

Urbanization Level Analysis of Chongqing 1 Hour Economic Circle Based on AHP and GIS

With Chongqing 1 Hour Economic Center as an example, AHP was adopted to comprehensively analyze factors influencing the economic development of all districts and counties of Chongqing City, economic development scores were calculated and urbanization level of each district and county was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the economic development level and the urbanization level of almost all districts and counties were not coordinated, then the reasons were briefly elaborated and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed.

Office Hours制度探微

Office Hours是北美地区高等学校师生交往互动的主要模式之一,也是教职人员普遍使用的一种教学工具,是师生课外交往以及学生学习经历中不可或缺的重要组成部分。依据不同的标准可以划分为开放和限制、ROH和VOH等类型。Office Hours制度对构建和谐师生关系,提升教学品质与学习成效,创新教育的实施和创新型人才的培养,具有一定借鉴和启示。

STUDY ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FORECASTING METHOD OF WATER CONSUMPTION PER HOUR

An artificial neural network (ANN) short term forecasting model of consumption per hour was built based on seasonality,trend and randomness of a city period of time water consumption series.Different hidden layer nodes,same inputs and forecasting data were selected to train and forecast and then the relative errors were compared so as to confirm the NN structure.A model was set up and used to forecast concretely by Matlab.It is tested by examples and compared with the result of time series trigonometric function analytical method.The result indicates that the prediction errors of NN are small and the velocity of forecasting is fast.It can completely meet the actual needs of the control and run of the water supply system.

OPTIMIZATION OF AIRPORT TAXIING PLANNING DURING CONGESTED HOURS BASED ON IMMUNE CLONAL SELECTION ALGORITHM

In order to ease congestion and ground delays in major hub airports, an aircraft taxiing scheduling optimization model is proposed with schedule time as the object function. In the new model, the idea of a classical job shop-schedule problem is adopted and three types of special aircraft-taxi conflicts are considered in the constraints. To solve such nondeterministic polynomial time-complex problems, the immune clonal selection algorithm（ICSA） is introduced. The simulation results in a congested hour of Beijing Capital International Airport show that, compared with the first-come-first-served（FCFS） strategy, the optimization-planning strategy reduces the total scheduling time by 13.6 min and the taxiing time per aircraft by 45.3 s, which improves the capacity of the runway and the efficiency of airport operations.

大陆高校Office Hours制度:实践、问题与对策——以南昌大学为例

介绍了Office Hours制度的内涵与实践,分析了我国大陆高校实施Office Hours制度的背景及其意义,并以南昌大学为例指出了Office Hours制度运行中存在的主要问题,提出了优化Office Hours制度实施的相关对策。

高校教师Office Hour效率研究

文章通过介绍Office Hour制度的内涵,分析了高校实施Office Hours制度的意义,并以三亚学院为例指出了教师实施Office Hour制度时面临的思想观念、部门间协作、师生互动效果等主要问题,并从观念、制度、师生互动方式和办公条件等方面提出了提升Office Hours实施效果的建议。

Prognostic value of C-reactive protein levels within 6 hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardial infarction with primary PCI

Background Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been documented in various settings of coronary artery disease. The vulnerability of coronary lesions in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) at the time of onset may be related to serum levels of C reactive protein(CRP) on admission, before CRP levels are affected by myocardial damage.Objective This study assessed the predictive value of CRP levels within six hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardial infarction with primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods The plasma CRP of 76 patients with first acute anterior myocardial infarction was measured within 6 hours after onset. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1( n =20) with elevated CRP( ≥0.3mg/dl ) on admission within 6 hours after onset and group 2( n =56) with normal CRP( <0.3mg/dl ) within 6 hours after onset. All patients were treated by primary PCI. The primary combined end points, including death due to cardiac causes, re MI related to the infarction artery(RIA) and repeat intervention of the RIA, and the restenosis rate were assessed in relation to CRP levels within 6 hours after onset. Left ventricular end diastolic volume index(EDVI),end systolic volume index(ESVI),and ejection fraction(EF) on admission and 6 month after the onset were assessed by left ventriculography. Changes in EDVI(ΔEDVI),ESVI(ΔESVI), and EF(ΔEF) were obtained by subtracting respective on admission values from corresponding 6 month follow up values. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The primary combined end points were significantly more frequent in group 1(20%) than those in group 2( 1.79% , P <0.01 ).In addition, restenosis rates were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2(41.18% vs 16.07%, P<0.05). Group 1 showed greater increases in left ventricular volume and less improvement in EF compared with group 2(ΔEDVI 6.31 ±2.17 vs 3.29 ±9.46ml/m 2 , ΔESVI 5.92 ±2.31 vs 3.86 ±1.08ml/m 2 , ΔEF 1.92 ±0.47 vs 4.79 ±1.73% , P <0.05 , respectively).Conclusions CRP levels within 6 hours after the onset of AMI might predict adverse outcome after primary PCI and progressive ventricular remodeling within 6 month of AMI.

美国高校OfficeHours制度及其启示

OfficeHours是美国高等学校师生交往互动的主要模式之一，是教职人员普遍使用的一种教学工具，也是师生外交往以及学生学习经历中不可或缺的重要组成部分。美国高校OfficeHours制度对我国高等教育的启示：全力为学生发展服务：重视师生课外交往；创造制度化的师生交往空间；形成合力辅导的文化氛围。

通过“Office Hours”课外辅导制度提升学生体质的实践尝试

该文通过基于"Office Hours"课外辅导制度,体育老师深入各个学系,组织和指导学生开展课余的各项体育活动,促进课外与课内的有效配合,激发学生参加体育运动的积极性,使学生从被动运动向主动运动转变,在校内形成学生乐于参与体育活动的良好氛围,从而真正提升学生体质,激发学生参与体育活动的积极性。

基于教育理论发展下民办高校office hour制度实施路径分析

为提高民办高校在教育市场的地位,改善民办高校不受重视的现状,该文基于教育理论的发展,对民办高校office hour制度实施路径展开研究。分析民办高校发展现状与民办高校教学制度实施现状,把握当下教育体制中存在的不足。因此,在落实制度过程中,教师应做到对学生发展情况与个性的动态监测,充分地发挥自身的教育职能,履行自身作为一名教师的监督义务。同时,在时间允许的条件下,可为每名学生适当增加课下辅导的时间,对于学生的个人发展与升学进行有针对性的指导。此外,定期实施心理干预与疏导教育行为,制定有一定弹性的教育指导方案,避免学生在学习中出现压力过大的问题,为学生提供更好的学习环境的同时,提供更加全面的教育教学指导。

Office Hours制度在国内高校本土化实践探索

Office Hours制度是目前欧美高等院校广泛应用且已规范化的教育教学手段。该制度充分体现了以学生为本的教育理念,是实现国内高校大力提倡开展个性化教育,培养创新型人才的行之有效的方法之一。然而该制度在国内大部分高校,未得到充分的了解和足够的重视。通过介绍Office Hours制度的基本内涵及其优势,分析新时代高等教育对于该制度的迫切需求,对于该制度在国内高校的实践提出了具体的对策,也从学生的角度对如何高效利用Office Hours提出了相应建议。

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Extreme Hourly Precipitation over Eastern China in the Warm Season

Based on hourly precipitation data in eastern China in the warm season during 1961-2000,spatial distributions of frequency for 20 mm h 1 and 50 mm h 1 precipitation were analyzed,and the criteria of short-duration rainfall events and severe rainfall events are discussed.Furthermore,the percentile method was used to define local hourly extreme precipitation;based on this,diurnal variations and trends in extreme precipitation were further studied.The results of this study show that,over Yunnan,South China,North China,and Northeast China,the most frequent extreme precipitation events occur most frequently in late afternoon and/or early evening.In the Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,the maximum frequency of extreme precipitation events occurs in the late night and/or early morning.And in the western Sichuan Plateau,the maximum frequency occurs in the middle of the night.The frequency of extreme precipitation （based on hourly rainfall measurements） has increased in most parts of eastern China,especially in Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but precipitation has decreased significantly in North China in the past 50 years.In addition,stations in the Guizhou Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit significant increasing trends in hourly precipitation extremes during the nighttime more than during the daytime.

Parental myopia, near work, hours of sleep and myopia in Chinese children

Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at a high level and shows an upward trend. The target of this study was to explore the factors associated with myopia in Chinese children. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in a random sample survey was conducted in Beijing in 2008. The data collected from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years, randomly selected from 19 schools were evaluated, including noncycloplegic refraction and possible genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, to explore the key risk factors for myopia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the OR values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the differences among the areas under the ROC curves using the method of multiple comparison with the best. Results: Myopia was associated with shorter sleep times versus longer sleep times (adjusted OR = 3.37;95%CI 3.07-3.70), and the multivariate OR for two compared with no parents with myopic was 2.83 (95%CI 2.47-3.24) and 1.95 (95%CI 1.69-2.24) for reading or writing distances less than33 cmcompared to distances greater than33 cm. Controlling for other factors, children that slept for shorter periods of time had significantly more myopic refractions (?1.69D vs ?1.29D for children with longer sleeping time per day). Analysis of the areas under the ROC curves showed five variables with predictable values better than chance: age, sleeping time, reading or writing distance, hours of studying, and parental myopia. Conclusion: It was not surprising, as proved by other studies, that parental myopia, reading or writing distances, time spent on studying or other activities by using eyes were dominant risk factors associated with juvenile myopia. Our findings indicated that hours of sleeping were also closely related to juvenile myopia, in which the underlying mechanism should be explored in the future study.