Study on HPLC-DAD Fingerprint of Xueshuan Xinmaining Capsules

[Objectives]To establish the HPLC-DAD fingerprint of Xueshuan Xinmaining Capsule(XXC).[Methods]The chromatographic conditions for the analysis of XXC solution were as follows:XSelect HSS T3 column;acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid water was used as mo-bile phase,gradient elution;flow rate:1.0 mL/min;column temperature 30℃;The injection volume is 10μL.The quality of XXC samples produced by different manufacturers was evaluated by similarity evaluation and cluster analysis.[Results]In theHPLC-dad fingerprints of 15 batches of XXC,23 common peaks were identified and 9 peaks were identified,and the similarity was greater than 0.95.According to the re-sults of cluster analysis,15 batches of XXC samples could be divided into two categories,S2,S5,S6,S7 and S8 batches belonged to category Ⅰ,and the rest batches belonged to category Ⅱ.[Conclusions]In this study,a representative and universal identification method of Xxc HPLC-DAD fingerprint was established.The method has high precision,stability and repeatability,is simple and reliable,and provides a pow-erful reference for further improving the quality evaluation system of XXC.

Analysis of GC×GC fingerprints from medicinal materials using a novel contour detection algorithm:A case of Curcuma wenyujin

This study introduces an innovative contour detection algorithm,PeakCET,designed for rapid and efficient analysis of natural product image fingerprints using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatogram(GC×GC).This method innovatively combines contour edge tracking with affinity propagation(AP)clustering for peak detection in GC×GC fingerprints,the first in this field.Contour edge tracking signif-icantly reduces false positives caused by“burr”signals,while AP clustering enhances detection accuracy in the face of false negatives.The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated using three medicinal products derived from Curcuma wenyujin.PeakCET not only performs contour detection but also employs inter-group peak matching and peak-volume percentage calculations to assess the compositional similarities and differences among various samples.Furthermore,this algorithm compares the GC×GC fingerprints of Radix/Rhizoma Curcumae Wenyujin with those of products from different botanical origins.The findings reveal that genetic and geographical factors influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in various plant tissues.Each sample exhibits unique characteristic components alongside common ones,and vari-ations in content may influence their therapeutic effectiveness.This research establishes a foundational data-set for the quality assessment of Curcuma products and paves the way for the application of computer vision techniques in two-dimensional(2D)fingerprint analysis of GC×GC data.

UV,five wavelengths fusion and electrochemical fingerprints combined with antioxidant activity for quality control of antiviral mixture

Aiming to ensure the consistency of quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs),a combination method of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),ultraviolet(UV),electrochemical(EC)was developed in this study to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Antiviral Mixture(AM),and Comprehensive Linear Quantification Fingerprint Method(CLQFM)was used to process the data.Quantitative analysis of three active substances in TCM was conducted.A fivewavelength fusion fingerprint(FWFF)was developed,using second-order derivatives of UV spectral data to differentiate sample levels effectively.The combination of HPLC and UV spectrophotometry,along with electrochemical fingerprinting(ECFP),successfully evaluated total active substances.Ultimately,a multidimensional profiling analytical system for TCM was developed.

Study and Application of Fingerprints of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Preparations

Aim To establish a method for determination of Ginkgo biloba L, its extractand preparations with HPLC fingerprints, so as to control the quality of the preparations. MethodsHPLC-DAD method was used to determine the constituents in preparations. Diamonsil? C_(18) (200mm X 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used as analytical column, and acetonitrile/KH_2PO_4 was used as mobilephase with gradient elu-tion. The column temperature was at 24 ℃. The HPLC profile of chemicalconstituents of control sample and preparations were analyzed using similarity software. Results Thefingerprints of different preparations from different companies were slightly different because ofthe different preparing procedures. Mean while, the fingerprints of different batches of the samepreparation from the same company were similar to each other and the technology of each preparationwas stable. Conclusion This method is accurate, reproducible , simple, and can be used as ananalytical method for the routine quality control of Ginkgo biloba preparations.

Correlation analysis between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts from Radix isatidis

Aim To study the correlation between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis from various sources. Methods Ten batches of Radix isatidis EtOAc extracts were analyzed with HPLC and the fingerprints were established. The influence of EtOAc extracts on the thermogenic curve of growth of Escherchia coli was obtained by microcalorimetry. The chemical differences of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis from various sources in the HPLC fingerprints were probed with hierarchical clustering analysis and similarity analysis. The correlation between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities was analyzed with multivafiant correlation analysis. Results Close correlation existed between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis. Conlusion The combination of HPLC fingerprints and antibacterial activities can be used to discover principle components of Radix isatidis on bioactivity.

Nutritional Compositions of Maca Grown in Ebian and HPLC Fingerprints of Macaene and Macamide

In the present study, the nutritional compositions of maca which was grown in a mountain area at an elevation of 2 200-2 800 m of Ebian County,Sichuan Province were measured, and then HPLC analysis on two representative active compounds（macaene and macamide） in the maca sample was performed.The results revealed that there were 24.20% total protein, 18.40% total amino acids（including 3.84% arginine）, 42.80% total sugars, 1.36% fat and kinds of minerals（including 1.14% potassium） in Ebian maca. HPLC fingerprints of macaene and macamide of Ebian maca were similar to those of Peru maca. The results suggested that maca could be cultivated with good quality in some mountain areas with an altitude1 000 m lower than the origin place in Peru.

Development of the fingerprints for the quality evaluation of Viscum coloratum by high performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled ultraviolet （HPLC-UV） method was developed for a chemical fingerprint analysis of Viscum coloratura. Eighteen peaks were selected as the common peaks and Homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-apiosiyl-（1→2）-β-D-glucoside was used as a reference. The relative areas of common peaks were used for hierarchical clustering analysis and similarity calculation. Thirty-seven samples collected from different sources were classified into five groups. The similarities of 21 batches Viscum coloratura samples were beyond 0.90. The results obtained suggest that the chromatographic fingerprint can efficiently identify Viscum coloratum. Additionally, the fingerprints can then be used to evaluate the correlation between Viscum coloratura and hosts.

Spectrum-Effect Relationship Between High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Anticoccidial Activities of a Compound Chinese Medicine

Quality control and screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicines have been performed using fingerprint analysis. The spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and efficacy of herbal drugs is considered as a potentially useful method for determining active ingredients in complex mixtures. The study was designed to develop a method for determining the bioactive components of a compound Chinese medicine called Tiefeng based on spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints and anticoccidial activities. Four peaks of the established HPLC fingerprint indicate the main bioactive components of this medicine. In addition, pharrnacodynamic atlas was defined and used to assess the anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng from different sources for the first time. We found that the level of anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng was consistent with the degree of similarity between the pharmacodynamic atlas and chromatogram of any sample. Furthermore, effect of this medicine was related with the main active constituents, along with the origin and the harvesting time.

Molecular Fingerprints of Soil Organic Matter in a Typical Freshwater Wetland in Northeast China

Natural wetlands are known to store huge amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Despite the importance of this storage,uncertainties remain about the molecular characteristics of soil organic matter(SOM), a key factor governing the stability of soil organic carbon(SOC). In this study, the molecular fingerprints of SOM in a typical freshwater wetland in Northeast China were investigated using pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry technology(Py-GC/MS). Results indicated that the SOC, total nitrogen(TN),and total sulfur contents of the cores varied between 16.88% and 45.83%, 0.93% and 2.82%, and 1.09% and 3.79%, respectively. The bulk δ^13C and δ^15N varied over a range of 9.85‰, between –26.85‰ and –17.00‰, and between –0.126‰ and 1.002‰, respectively. A total of 134 different pyrolytic products were identified, and they were grouped into alkyl(including n-alkanes(C:0) and n-alkenes(C:1),aliphatics(Al), aromatics(Ar), lignin(Lg), nitrogen-containing compounds(Nc), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), phenols(Phs), polysaccharides(Ps), and sulfur-containing compounds(Sc). On average, Phs moieties accounted for roughly 24.11% peak areas of the total pyrolysis products, followed by Lg(19.27%), alkyl(18.96%), other aliphatics(12.39%), Nc compounds(8.08%), Ps(6.49%), aromatics(6.32%), Sc(3.26%), and PAHs(1.12%). Soil organic matter from wetlands had more Phs and Lg and less Nc moieties in pyrolytic products than soil organic matters from forests, lake sediments, pastures, and farmland.δ^13 C distribution patterns implied more C3 plant-derived soil organic matter, but the vegetation was in succession to C4 plant from C3 plant. Significant negative correlations between Lg or Ps proportions and C3 plant proportions were observed. Multiple linear analyses implied that the Ar and Al components had negative effects on SOC. Alkyl and Ar could facilitate ratios between SOC and total nitrogen(C/N), while Al plays the opposite role. Al was positively related to the ratio of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) to SOC. In summary, SOM of wetlands might characterize by more Phs and lignin and less Nc moieties in pyrolytic products. The use of Pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry(Py-GC/MS) technology provided detailed information on the molecular characteristics of SOM from a typical freshwater wetland.

Studies on the Primers Screening for AFLP Fingerprints of Rice Cultivars

AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) is a very powerful fingerprinting technology. The key of making variety fingerprints is to select specific powerful primers for each crop. A quick and effective procedure for selecting AFLP primers for rice variety fingerprinting was established as the following: (1) Choose3 or more group materials that have close genetic relations. (2) Select potential polymorphic primers from primer pairs that are 2 + 2 primer crosses and same at two ends. (3) Recombine the selected potential polymorphic primers and choosing more polymorphic primers. (4) Add one selecting base at one end to become 2 + 3 or 3 + 2 primers and further selecting more polymorphic primers. Some primers were selected with this procedure, such as M21 P87 and M73P17, with which the fingerprints had more polymorphism and high quality.

Construction of Gliadin Fingerprints Database for the Main Wheat Cultivars Grown in North China

The standard gliadin fingerprints and their database of 68 major cultivars and a part of backbone parents, which have ever been extensively grown in North China since the 1950' s, were constructed by using CAWGES software and an improved method of pH 3.2 A-PAGE. In the meantime, investigations were made on the utilization of the database in the area of gliadin fingerprints analysis, variety identification and genetic relationship study. The results showed that it provided an effective method for building core collections and variety identification.

Optimization of high pressure machine decocting process for Dachengqi Tang using HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design

Using Dachengqi Tang（DCQT） as a model, high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）fingerprints were applied to optimize machine extracting process with the Box–Behnken experimental design. HPLC fingerprints were carried out to investigate the chemical ingredients of DCQT; synthetic weighing method based on analytic hierarchy process（AHP） and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（CRITIC） was performed to calculate synthetic scores of fingerprints; using the mark ingredients contents and synthetic scores as indicators, the Box–Behnken design was carried out to optimize the process parameters of machine decocting process under high pressure for DCQT. Results of optimal process showed that the herb materials were soaked for 45 min and extracted with 9 folds volume of water in the decocting machine under the temperature of 140 1C till the pressure arrived at 0.25 MPa;then hot decoction was excreted to soak Dahuang and Mangxiao for 5 min. Finally, obtained solutions were mixed, filtrated and packed. It concluded that HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design could be used to optimize extracting process of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）.

Analysis of SSR Fingerprints in Introduced Silkworm Germplasm Resources

Thirty-five SSR markers were used to construct 96 silkworm races fingerprint. All the SSR markers were polymorphic and unambiguously separated silkworm strains from each other. A total of 467 alleles were detected with a mean value of 13.34 alleles/locus （range 3-28）. The mean polymorphism index content （PIC） was 0.71 （range 0.299-0.919）. UPGMA cluster analysis of Nei＇s genetic distance grouped silkworm strains on the basis of their origin. The results indicated that SSR markers are efficient tools for fingerprinting cultivars and conducting genetic diversity studies in the silkworm.

Anti-Spoof Reliable Biometry of Fingerprints Using <i>En-Face</i>Optical Coherence Tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new imaging technology which can produce high resolution images of three-dimensional structures. OCT has been mainly used for medical applications such as for ophthalmology and dermatology. In this study we demonstrate its capability in providing much more reliable biometry identification of fingerprints than conventional methods. We prove that OCT can serve secure control of genuine fingerprints as it can detect if extra layers are placed above the finger. This can prevent with a high probability, intruders to a secure area trying to foul standard systems based on imaging the finger surface. En-Face OCT method is employed and recommended for its capability of providing not only the axial succession of layers in depth, but the en-face image that allows the traditional pattern identification. Another reason for using such OCT technology is that it is compatible with dynamic focus and therefore can provide enhanced transversal resolution and sensitivity. Two En-Face OCT systems are used to evaluate the need for high resolution and conclusions are drawn in terms of the most potential commercial route to ex- ploitation.

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by HPLC-DAD and chemometric methods

An efficient method for quality control of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI),a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was established. A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) procedure coupled with chemometric methods was developed for fingerprint analysis,qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of this herb. In qualitative and quantitative analyses,heuristic evolving latent projection (HELP) method was employed to resolve the overlapping peaks of the tested samples. Two bioactive components,namely hesperidin and naringin,are confirmed and determined,together with four flavonoids compounds tentatively identified including two new ones. From fingerprint analysis,the fingerprint data were processed with correlation coefficients for quantitative expression of their similarity and dissimilarity. The developed method based on an integration of chromatographic fingerprint and quantitative analysis is scientific,and the obtained results can be applied to the quality control of herb medicine.

Identification of Four Gastrodia elata Bl. Variants with DNA Fingerprints

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the four Gastrodia elata B1. variants at the DNA level. [Method] Primers with good reproducibility, abundant polymorphism and high resolution were selected from the 35 random primers with RAPD marker technology and the amplification results were analyzed. [ Result] By using RAPD technology, DNA fingerprints of four Gastrodia elata B1. variants with abundant polymorphism, good reproducibility and high resolution was successfully constructed; to be specific, each Gastrodia elata B1. variant has its unique fingerprint with primers S29 and S38 ; DNA bands of the Gastrodia elata BI. variants vary significantly, which is contributive to distinguish the four Gastrodia clara B1. variants. [Condusion] This study provided an effective means for the identification and protection of Gastrodia elata germplasms with intraspecific variations.

Development and Distinction of <i>Rhizoma rodgersiae</i>with HPLC-DAD Fingerprint Analysis Combined with Chemical Pattern Recognition Techniques

In this paper, the feasibility and advantages of employing high performance liquid chromatographic-photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) fingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition for quality consistency evaluation of widely used Rhizoma rodgersiae (RR) were investigated and demonstrated for the first time. The Similarity Evaluation System was employed to evaluate the similarities of 10 batches of RR sample;moreover, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were also successfully applied to discriminate RR samples of different regions and seasons. Our results indicated that the seasonal variation had some influence on the chemical fingerprints of this herbal drug. This approach allowed the discrimination of RR samples from different sources. The current study demonstrated that fingerprint profiling coupled with chemical pattern recognition offered a reliable and efficient way to comprehensively assess the quality consistency of the tested samples.

Comparing biomarkers and proteomic fingerprints for classification studies

Early disease detection is extremely important in the treatment and prognosis of many diseases, especially cancer. Often, proteomic fingerprints and a pattern recognition algorithm are used to classify the pathological condition of a given individual. It has been argued that accurate classification of the existing data implies an underlying biological significance. Two fingerprint-based classifiers, decision tree and medoid classification algorithm, and a biomarker-based classifier were examined using a published dataset of mass spectral peaks from 81 healthy individuals and 78 individuals with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). For all three methods, classifiers were constructed using the original data and the data after permuting the labels of the samples (BPH and healthy). The fingerprint-based classifiers produced accurate results for the original data, though the peaks used in a given classifier depended upon which samples were placed in the training set. Accurate results were also obtained for the dataset with permuted labels. In contrast, only three unique peaks were identified as putative biomarkers, producing a small number of reasonably accurate biomarker-based classifiers. The dataset with permuted labels was poorly classified. Since fingerprint-based classifiers accurately classified the dataset with permuted labels, the argument for biological significance from a fingerprint-based classifier must be questioned.

Study on Infrared Fingerprints of Different Sources of Yi Medicine Ebazema

[Objectives] To establish infrared fingerprints of different parts of Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl.(two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema) and analyze the similarity between them. [Methods] The infrared fingerprints of powder of B. albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl. were measured, and the common peak rate and variation peak rate of six samples were calculated to establish the sequence analysis method of common peak rate. [Results] There was a very high common peak rate(≥81.3%) and a very low variation peak rate(≤15.4%) between S1 and S4 as well as S2 and S6. There was a low common peak rate between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4, and the common peak rate was 42.9% and 47.6% respectively. There was a low common peak rate(≤47.6%) and a high variation peak rate(≥100.0%) between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4. [Conclusions] The method is simple and convenient to operate, can quickly identify different parts used as medicine of B. albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl.(two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema), and provide a new method to judge whether the two are equivalent when being used as medicine and quality evaluation.

HPLC-DAD法测定康复新液中10种抑菌剂含量

目的:建立同时测定康复新液中10种抑菌剂的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法:采用Thermo Acclaim TM 120(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%冰醋酸-0.02 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min^(-1),扫描波长为200~700 nm。结果:在相应的浓度范围内,10种抑菌剂质量浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好,r≥0.9998;精密度试验良好,RSD在0.33%~0.38%;重复性试验与稳定性试验的RSD<0.5%,加标回收范围为97.4%~101.1%,RSD在0.4%~1.8%之间。按拟定方法测试样品苯甲酸含量在0.15%~0.34%范围,山梨酸含量在0~0.48%范围,羟苯乙酯含量在0~0.02%范围、羟苯丙酯含量再0~0.02%范围。结论:该方法灵敏快速、专属性强、准确度高,可用于康复新液中抑菌剂的含量测定。