Antarctic sea ice is an important part of the Earth’s atmospheric system,and satellite remote sensing is an important technology for observing Antarctic sea ice.Whether Chinese Haiyang-2B(HY-2B)satellite altimeter da...Antarctic sea ice is an important part of the Earth’s atmospheric system,and satellite remote sensing is an important technology for observing Antarctic sea ice.Whether Chinese Haiyang-2B(HY-2B)satellite altimeter data could be used to estimate sea ice freeboard and provide alternative Antarctic sea ice thickness information with a high precision and long time series,as other radar altimetry satellites can,needs further investigation.This paper proposed an algorithm to discriminate leads and then retrieve sea ice freeboard and thickness from HY-2B radar altimeter data.We first collected the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ice surface temperature(IST)product from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to extract leads from the Antarctic waters and verified their accuracy through Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar images.Second,a surface classification decision tree was generated for HY-2B satellite altimeter measurements of the Antarctic waters to extract leads and calculate local sea surface heights.We then estimated the Antarctic sea ice freeboard and thickness based on local sea surface heights and the static equilibrium equation.Finally,the retrieved HY-2B Antarctic sea ice thickness was compared with the CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness and the Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate(ASPeCt)ship-based observed sea ice thickness.The results indicate that our classification decision tree constructed for HY-2B satellite altimeter measurements was reasonable,and the root mean square error of the obtained sea ice thickness compared to the ship measurements was 0.62 m.The proposed sea ice thickness algorithm for the HY-2B radar satellite fills a gap in this application domain for the HY-series satellites and can be a complement to existing Antarctic sea ice thickness products;this algorithm could provide long-time-series and large-scale sea ice thickness data that contribute to research on global climate change.展开更多
星载微波散射计是获取全球海面风场信息的主要手段,HY-2B卫星散射计的成功发射为全球海面风场数据获取的持续性提供了重要保障。本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(EuropeanCenter forMedium-RangeWeatherForecasts,ECMWF)再分析风场数据、...星载微波散射计是获取全球海面风场信息的主要手段,HY-2B卫星散射计的成功发射为全球海面风场数据获取的持续性提供了重要保障。本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(EuropeanCenter forMedium-RangeWeatherForecasts,ECMWF)再分析风场数据、热带大气海洋观测计划(TropicalAtmosphereOceanArray,TAO)和美国国家数据浮标中心(National Data Buoy Center,NDBC)浮标获取的海面风矢量实测数据,对HY-2B散射计海面风场数据产品的质量进行统计分析。分析表明,HY-2B风场与ECMWF再分析风场对比,在4~24m·s^-1风速区间内,风速和风向均方根误差(root mean squareerror,RMSE)分别为1.58m·s^-1和15.34°;与位于开阔海域的TAO浮标数据对比,风速、风向RMSE分别为1.03m·s^-1和14.98°,可见HY-2B风场能较好地满足业务化应用的精度要求(风速优于2m·s^-1,风向优于20°)。与主要位于近海海域的NDBC浮标对比,HY-2B风场的风速、风向RMSE分别为1.60m·s^-1和19.14°,说明HY-2B散射计同时具备了对近海海域风场的良好观测能力。本文还发现HY-2B风场质量会随风速、地面交轨位置等变化,为用户更好地使用HY-2B风场产品提供参考。展开更多
以欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF(European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts)的ERA5风场数据为真实风速参考值,利用HY-2B卫星散射计L2A数据,使用反向传播神经网络方法对风速进行了反演,分别建立了中高风速、中低风速和全风速反...以欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF(European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts)的ERA5风场数据为真实风速参考值,利用HY-2B卫星散射计L2A数据,使用反向传播神经网络方法对风速进行了反演,分别建立了中高风速、中低风速和全风速反演模型。与基于NSCAT-4地球物理模式函数得到的L2B风速相比,在训练集中,3种网络模型反演风速的均方误差(Mean Square Error,MSE)分别达到了0.18,0.14和0.32 m/s,平均绝对值误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)分别达到了0.27,0.24和0.34 m/s;在测试集中,3种网络模型反演风速的均方误差(MSE)分别达到了0.54,0.27和0.46 m/s,平均绝对值误差(MAE)分别达到了0.48,0.35和0.42 m/s。研究结果表明,中高和中低风速模型优于全风速模型,其中中低风速模型反演风速的MSE和MAE最低,中高风速模型反演风速的MSE和MAE下降幅度最大;3种模型都具有良好的泛化能力。展开更多
Satellite altimeter needs to be calibrated to evaluate the accuracy of sea surface height data.The dedicated altimeter calibration field needs to establish a special calibration strategy and needs to evaluate its cali...Satellite altimeter needs to be calibrated to evaluate the accuracy of sea surface height data.The dedicated altimeter calibration field needs to establish a special calibration strategy and needs to evaluate its calibration ability.This paper describes absolute calibration of HY-2 B altimeter SSH using the GPS calibration method at the newly Wanshan calibration site,located in the Wanshan Islands,China.There are two HY-2 B altimeter passes across the Wanshan calibration site.Pass No.362 is descending and the ground track passes the east of Dan’gan Island.Pass No.375 is ascending and crosses the Zhiwan Island.The GPS data processing strategy of Wanshan calibration site was established and the accuracy of GPS calibration method of Wanshan calibration site was evaluated.Meanwhile,the processing strategies of the HY-2 B altimeter for the Wanshan calibration site were established,and a dedicated geoid model data were used to benefit the calibration accuracy.The time-averaged HY-2 B altimeter bias was approximately 2.12 cm with a standard deviation of 2.08 cm.The performance of the HY-2 B correction microwave radiometer was also evaluated in terms of the wet troposphere path delay and showed a mean difference-0.2 cm with a 1.4 cm standard deviation with respect to the in situ GPS radiosonde.展开更多
The ocean surface wind(OSW)data retrieved from microwave scatterometers have high spatial accuracy and represent the only wind data assimilated by global numerical models on the ocean surface,thus playing an important...The ocean surface wind(OSW)data retrieved from microwave scatterometers have high spatial accuracy and represent the only wind data assimilated by global numerical models on the ocean surface,thus playing an important role in improving the forecast skills of global medium-range weather prediction models.To improve the forecast skills of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Global Forecast System(GRAPES_GFS),the HY-2B OSW data is assimilated into the GRAPES_GFS four-dimensional variational assimilation(4DVAR)system.Then,the impacts of the HY-2B OSW data assimilation on the analyses and forecasts of GRAPES_GFS are analyzed based on one-month assimilation cycle experiments.The results show that after assimilating the HY-2B OSW data,the analysis errors of the wind fields in the lower-middle troposphere(1000-600 hPa)of the tropics and the southern hemisphere(SH)are significantly reduced by an average rate of about 5%.The impacts of the HY-2B OSW data assimilation on the analysis fields of wind,geopotential height,and temperature are not solely limited to the boundary layer but also extend throughout the entire troposphere after about two days of cycling assimilation.Furthermore,assimilating the HY-2B OSW data can significantly improve the forecast skill of wind,geopotential height,and temperature in the troposphere of the tropics and SH.展开更多
In 2018,China successfully launched three new Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese,referred to as HY)satellites which are an ocean color observation satellite HY-1C(operational),an ocean dynamics environment satellite...In 2018,China successfully launched three new Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese,referred to as HY)satellites which are an ocean color observation satellite HY-1C(operational),an ocean dynamics environment satellite HY-2B(operational)and the China-France ocean satellite CFOSAT(experimental).In 2019,all the three satellites had finished their commissioning phases and were declared operational.HY-2A satellite continues to operate in-orbit,and its operational status is basically normal.So in 2020,China has 4 Haiyang satellites in-orbit,China’s ocean satellites enter into a new operational application phase.The operation of the ground application system of Chinese ocean satellites is stable.In 2019,Beijing,Hainan,Mudanjiang,and Hangzhou ocean satellite ground stations had received the data of HY-1C,HY-2A,HY-2B,and CFOSAT 5012 orbits and 26.46 TB data had been distributed to both domestic and international users.Chinese ocean satellite data has played an important role in marine disaster prevention and mitigation,development and management of marine resources,maintenance of marine rights and interests,marine environment protection,scientific researches,and blue economy development.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42076235.
文摘Antarctic sea ice is an important part of the Earth’s atmospheric system,and satellite remote sensing is an important technology for observing Antarctic sea ice.Whether Chinese Haiyang-2B(HY-2B)satellite altimeter data could be used to estimate sea ice freeboard and provide alternative Antarctic sea ice thickness information with a high precision and long time series,as other radar altimetry satellites can,needs further investigation.This paper proposed an algorithm to discriminate leads and then retrieve sea ice freeboard and thickness from HY-2B radar altimeter data.We first collected the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ice surface temperature(IST)product from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to extract leads from the Antarctic waters and verified their accuracy through Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar images.Second,a surface classification decision tree was generated for HY-2B satellite altimeter measurements of the Antarctic waters to extract leads and calculate local sea surface heights.We then estimated the Antarctic sea ice freeboard and thickness based on local sea surface heights and the static equilibrium equation.Finally,the retrieved HY-2B Antarctic sea ice thickness was compared with the CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness and the Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate(ASPeCt)ship-based observed sea ice thickness.The results indicate that our classification decision tree constructed for HY-2B satellite altimeter measurements was reasonable,and the root mean square error of the obtained sea ice thickness compared to the ship measurements was 0.62 m.The proposed sea ice thickness algorithm for the HY-2B radar satellite fills a gap in this application domain for the HY-series satellites and can be a complement to existing Antarctic sea ice thickness products;this algorithm could provide long-time-series and large-scale sea ice thickness data that contribute to research on global climate change.
文摘星载微波散射计是获取全球海面风场信息的主要手段,HY-2B卫星散射计的成功发射为全球海面风场数据获取的持续性提供了重要保障。本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(EuropeanCenter forMedium-RangeWeatherForecasts,ECMWF)再分析风场数据、热带大气海洋观测计划(TropicalAtmosphereOceanArray,TAO)和美国国家数据浮标中心(National Data Buoy Center,NDBC)浮标获取的海面风矢量实测数据,对HY-2B散射计海面风场数据产品的质量进行统计分析。分析表明,HY-2B风场与ECMWF再分析风场对比,在4~24m·s^-1风速区间内,风速和风向均方根误差(root mean squareerror,RMSE)分别为1.58m·s^-1和15.34°;与位于开阔海域的TAO浮标数据对比,风速、风向RMSE分别为1.03m·s^-1和14.98°,可见HY-2B风场能较好地满足业务化应用的精度要求(风速优于2m·s^-1,风向优于20°)。与主要位于近海海域的NDBC浮标对比,HY-2B风场的风速、风向RMSE分别为1.60m·s^-1和19.14°,说明HY-2B散射计同时具备了对近海海域风场的良好观测能力。本文还发现HY-2B风场质量会随风速、地面交轨位置等变化,为用户更好地使用HY-2B风场产品提供参考。
文摘以欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF(European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts)的ERA5风场数据为真实风速参考值,利用HY-2B卫星散射计L2A数据,使用反向传播神经网络方法对风速进行了反演,分别建立了中高风速、中低风速和全风速反演模型。与基于NSCAT-4地球物理模式函数得到的L2B风速相比,在训练集中,3种网络模型反演风速的均方误差(Mean Square Error,MSE)分别达到了0.18,0.14和0.32 m/s,平均绝对值误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)分别达到了0.27,0.24和0.34 m/s;在测试集中,3种网络模型反演风速的均方误差(MSE)分别达到了0.54,0.27和0.46 m/s,平均绝对值误差(MAE)分别达到了0.48,0.35和0.42 m/s。研究结果表明,中高和中低风速模型优于全风速模型,其中中低风速模型反演风速的MSE和MAE最低,中高风速模型反演风速的MSE和MAE下降幅度最大;3种模型都具有良好的泛化能力。
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract Nos 2018YFB0504900 and 2018YFB0504904the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41406204 and 41501417the Operational Support Service System for Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing under contract No.180019。
文摘Satellite altimeter needs to be calibrated to evaluate the accuracy of sea surface height data.The dedicated altimeter calibration field needs to establish a special calibration strategy and needs to evaluate its calibration ability.This paper describes absolute calibration of HY-2 B altimeter SSH using the GPS calibration method at the newly Wanshan calibration site,located in the Wanshan Islands,China.There are two HY-2 B altimeter passes across the Wanshan calibration site.Pass No.362 is descending and the ground track passes the east of Dan’gan Island.Pass No.375 is ascending and crosses the Zhiwan Island.The GPS data processing strategy of Wanshan calibration site was established and the accuracy of GPS calibration method of Wanshan calibration site was evaluated.Meanwhile,the processing strategies of the HY-2 B altimeter for the Wanshan calibration site were established,and a dedicated geoid model data were used to benefit the calibration accuracy.The time-averaged HY-2 B altimeter bias was approximately 2.12 cm with a standard deviation of 2.08 cm.The performance of the HY-2 B correction microwave radiometer was also evaluated in terms of the wet troposphere path delay and showed a mean difference-0.2 cm with a 1.4 cm standard deviation with respect to the in situ GPS radiosonde.
基金supported by the Key Special Project for the Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (Grant No. GML2019ZD0302)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1506205)
文摘The ocean surface wind(OSW)data retrieved from microwave scatterometers have high spatial accuracy and represent the only wind data assimilated by global numerical models on the ocean surface,thus playing an important role in improving the forecast skills of global medium-range weather prediction models.To improve the forecast skills of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Global Forecast System(GRAPES_GFS),the HY-2B OSW data is assimilated into the GRAPES_GFS four-dimensional variational assimilation(4DVAR)system.Then,the impacts of the HY-2B OSW data assimilation on the analyses and forecasts of GRAPES_GFS are analyzed based on one-month assimilation cycle experiments.The results show that after assimilating the HY-2B OSW data,the analysis errors of the wind fields in the lower-middle troposphere(1000-600 hPa)of the tropics and the southern hemisphere(SH)are significantly reduced by an average rate of about 5%.The impacts of the HY-2B OSW data assimilation on the analysis fields of wind,geopotential height,and temperature are not solely limited to the boundary layer but also extend throughout the entire troposphere after about two days of cycling assimilation.Furthermore,assimilating the HY-2B OSW data can significantly improve the forecast skill of wind,geopotential height,and temperature in the troposphere of the tropics and SH.
文摘In 2018,China successfully launched three new Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese,referred to as HY)satellites which are an ocean color observation satellite HY-1C(operational),an ocean dynamics environment satellite HY-2B(operational)and the China-France ocean satellite CFOSAT(experimental).In 2019,all the three satellites had finished their commissioning phases and were declared operational.HY-2A satellite continues to operate in-orbit,and its operational status is basically normal.So in 2020,China has 4 Haiyang satellites in-orbit,China’s ocean satellites enter into a new operational application phase.The operation of the ground application system of Chinese ocean satellites is stable.In 2019,Beijing,Hainan,Mudanjiang,and Hangzhou ocean satellite ground stations had received the data of HY-1C,HY-2A,HY-2B,and CFOSAT 5012 orbits and 26.46 TB data had been distributed to both domestic and international users.Chinese ocean satellite data has played an important role in marine disaster prevention and mitigation,development and management of marine resources,maintenance of marine rights and interests,marine environment protection,scientific researches,and blue economy development.
