Petroleum Generation Kinetics and Geological Implications for Jurassic Hydrocarbon Source Rocks,Hongqi Depression,Hailar Basin,Northeast China

A sample from the Jurassic Tamulangou Fm.and two comparison samples from the Cretaceous Fm.were used to document the hydrocarbon generation kinetics and phase behaviors at two heating rates using the confined gold tube system.The results show that the different heating rates affect the reaction rates,paths and levels of organic matter evolution.The average activation energy and dominant frequency activation energy of liquid hydrocarbon are significantly lower than those of gaseous.Moreover,igneous intrusion had a positive effect on the blooming,enrichment and preservation of organic matter,promoting a Ro increase of 0.09%–1.07%in the Jurassic Tamulangou Fm.Two models were used to simulate the normal and abnormal evolution caused by thermal events combined hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters.Thermal simulation analysis shows that oil generation was initially slow and then increased rapidly until a burial depth of 1500 m was reached at~128 Ma.The largest hydrocarbon expulsion began at~120 Ma,corresponding to a burial depth of 2450 m.The maximum cumulative yield is 510 mg/g TOC,and it is still in the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which demonstrates a favorable potential for hydrocarbon exploration.

Sporopollen Assemblages from the Cretaceous Yimin Formation of the Hailar Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

Three sporopollen assemblages are recognized for the first time from the Cretaceous Yimin Formation in the Hailar Basin of eastern Inner Mongolia. They are （in ascending order）： the lmpardecispora-Aequitriradites- Clawttipollenites assemblage; the Triporoletes-Pilosisporites-Asteropollis assemblage; and the Appendicisporites- Asteropollis-Tricolpites assemblage, distributed in Members 1, 2 and 3 of the Yimin Formation respectively. Recognition of this biostratigraphic sequence is very important for the division and correlation of the Yimin Formation in the basin. Meanwhile, the age of the Yimin Formation is considered to be Barremian to Early Albian based on the palynological data.

Variation trends of meteorological variables and their impacts on potential evaporation in Hailar region

Evaporation, which is an important factor in the water balance at the basin scale, is a critical variable in the determination of local available water resources. Since the potential evaporation is mainly influenced by meteorological variables, it is necessary to investigate the extent to which different meteorological variables affect the potential evaporation. The aim of this study was to explore the variation trends of different meteorological variables, and their impacts on the potential evaporation. This study selected the Hailar Meteorological Station of the Hailar region, which is situated in a cold, semi-arid, and sub-humid region, as a case study site. Based on observed daily meteorological data from 1951 to 2009, the potential evaporation was calculated with the Penman formula, and the variations of meteorological variables were investigated with the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test. The correlation between the potential evaporation and each meteorological variable at annual and seasonal scales was also analyzed. The results show that the annual and seasonal potential evaporation and air temperature present increasing trends, whereas the wind speed, sunshine duration, and relative humidity present decreasing trends. Among the meteorological variables, the air temperature and relative humidity are the key factors that affect potential evaporation at different time scales, and the impacts of other meteorological variables on the potential evaporation are not significant and vary with time scales.

Origin and genetic family of Huhehu oil in the Hailar Basin, northeast China

The Huhehu Sag is one of the most important oil and gas depressions in the Hailar Basin. However, the origin of Huhehu oil is still controversial. Previous studies on source rocks have mainly focused on the Nantun Formation(K1 n); a few studies have investigated the Damoguaihe Formation(K1 d). Based on the Rock–Eval pyrolysis parameters, 172 drill cutting samples from the Huhehu Sag were analyzed to evaluate their geochemical characteristics. Based on the Rock–Eval data, the mudstones from the first member of the Damoguaihe Formation(K1 d1) and the second member of the Nantun Formation(K1 n2) have moderate to high hydrocarbon generation potential, while mudstones from the first member of the Nantun Formation(K1 n1) have poor to good hydrocarbon generation potential.Additionally, both the K1 n1 and K1 n2 coal members have poor to fair hydrocarbon generation potential, but the K1 n2 coal member has a better generative potential. Fifteen Huhehu oils were collected for molecular geochemical analyses to classify the oils into genetic families and to identify the source rock for each oil using chemometric methods. The Huhehu oils were classified into three groups with different maturity levels using hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Group A oils(high maturity) are characterized by relatively moderate ratios of Pr/Ph, Pr/n-C17, and Ph/n-C18, as well as an abundance of C29 steranes, mainly derived from the K1 n2 and K1 n1 mudstone members. In comparison, group B oils(moderate maturity) have relatively low Pr/Ph ratios,moderate Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios, and low concentrations of C29 steranes. Group C oils(low maturity) show relatively high ratios of Pr/Ph, Pr/n-C17, and Ph/n-C18, as well as high concentrations of C29 steranes. Furthermore,group B oils derived from the K1 d1 mudstone member and group C oils derived from the K1 n2 coal member were also identified by principal component analysis score plots.Correlation studies suggest a major contribution from the K1 n mudstone Formation and the K1 d1 mudstone member to the oils of the Huhehu Sag. So, the Nantun Formation and relatively shallow strata of the Damoguaihe Formation(e.g., the K1 d1 member) represent important targets for future oil-reservoir exploration in the Huhehu Sag.

Rhenium-osmium(Re-Os)geochronology of crude oil from lacustrine source rocks of the Hailar Basin,NE China

Re-Os radiometric dating of crude oil can be used to constrain the timing of hydrocarbon generation,migration or charge.This approach has been successfully applied to marine petroleum systems;however,this study reports on its application to lacustrine-sourced natural crude oils.Oil s amples from multiple wells producing from the Cretaceous Nantun Formation in the Wuerxun-Beier depression of the Hailar Basin in NE China were analysed.Subsets of the Re-Os data are compatible with a Cretaceous hydrocarbon generation event(131.1±8.4 Ma)occurring within 10 Myr of deposition of the Nantun Formation source rocks.In addition,two younger age trends of 54±12 Ma and 1.28±0.69 Ma can be regressed from the Re-Os data,which may reflect the timing of subsequent hydrocarbon generation events.The Re-Os geochronometer,when combined with complementary age dating techniques,can provide direct temporal constraints on the evolution of petroleum system in a terrestrial basin.

Selective dissolution of eodiagenesis cements and its impact on the quality evolution of reservoirs in the Xing＇anling Group,Suderte Oil Field, Hailar Basin, China

Reservoirs in the Xing＇anling Group in the Suderte Oil Field,Hailar Basin exhibit ultra-low to low permeability and high tuffaceous material content.This study comprehensively analyzed diagenesis and quality evolution of these low-permeability reservoirs using thin sections,SEM samples,rock physical properties,pore water data,as well as geochemical numerical simulations.Calcite and analcite are the two main types of cements precipitated in the eodiagenetic stage at shallow burial depths in the reservoirs.These two cements occupied significant primary intergranular pores and effectively retarded deep burial compaction.Petrography textures suggest selective dissolution of massive analcite and little dissolution of calcite in the mesodiagenetic stage.Chemical calculations utilizing the Geochemist＇s Workbench 9.0indicated that the equilibrium constant of the calcite leaching reaction is significantly smaller than that of the analcite leaching reaction,resulting in extensive dissolution of analcite rather than calcite in the geochemical system with both minerals present.Numerical simulations with constraints of kinetics and pore water chemistry demonstrated that the pore water in the Xing＇anling group is saturated with respect to calcite,but undersaturated with analcite,leading to dissolution of large amounts of analcite and no dissolution of calcite.Significant secondary intergranular pores have formed in analcite-cemented reservoirs from selective dissolution of analcite in the mesodiagenetic stage;the analcite dissolution formed preferential flow paths in the reservoirs,which promoted feldspar dissolution;and dissolution of such minerals led to the present reservoirs with medium porosity and low permeability.Calcite-cemented tight reservoirs have not experienced extensive dissolution of cements,so they exhibit ultra-low porosity and permeability.

Large-ridge Mechanized Planting Technology of Potato in Hailar District of Hulunbeier City

The mechanized large-ridge production technology of potato was summarized,including preparation before sowing,deep tillage and land preparation,deep application of chemical fertilizer,sowing,intertillage,disease and pest control,harvesting and other related contents.The comparative experimental study of large ridge and small ridge modes focused on the effects of ridge spacing on soil bulk density,temperature,water retention,crop growth and yield.The technology has the advantages of time saving,labor saving,seed saving,and fertilizer saving.It can significantly improve production efficiency,and is a high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode that increases potato yield.This model can increase yield by 370 kg/hm 2 and improve income by 160 yuan/hm 2.The results of this study have greatly promoted the promotion and application of mechanized largo-ridge potato planting technology.

Climate characteristics of the eastern Mongolian Plateau,China during the early Early Cretaceous(145-132 Ma):Palynological evidence from the Tongbomiao Formation in Well Hong-6,Hailar Basin

This study identified two palynological assemblages,namely Bayanhuasporites-Cycadopites-Protoconiferus and Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites,in the Tongbomiao Formation in the Hongqi Sag in the Hailar Basin,Inner Mongolia,China for the first time.The former is distributed in the lower part of the Tongbomiao Formation and is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores.Among them,the gymnosperm pollen is dominated by Paleoconifer(4.98%-31.62%)and Cycadopite(8.55%-25.23%)pollen grains and also includes other pollen grains such as Classopollis,Parcisporites,Erlianpollis,Callialasporites,and Jiaohepollis.The fern spores in the former palynological assemblage contain Bayanhuasporite(0-8.96%),Granulatisporites(0.93%-6.97%),and some important Cretaceous genera,such as Cicatricosisporites,Concavissimisporites,Densoisporites,Hsuisporites,Foraminisporis,and Leptolepidites.The Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites palynological assemblage is distributed in the upper part of the Tongbomiao Formation.Gymnosperm(77.30%),Pinaceae(31.9%),and Paleoconiferus(19.02%)pollen predominate this palynological assemblage,and Quadraeculina,Erlianpollis,and Jiaohepollis pollen are also common in this assemblage.The fern spores in this palynological assemblage include abundant Cicatricosisporites(4.29%).Besides,Concavissimisporites,Aequitriradites,and Leptolepidites are also common in this palynological assemblage.No angiosperm pollen has been found in both palynological assemblages.The identification of both palynological assemblages provides important evidence for the biostratigraphic correlation between the Hailar Basin and its adjacent areas.It also enables the reconstructions of the Berriasian-Valanginian(Early Cretaceous)vegetation and the paleoclimate on the eastern Mongolian Plateau during 141-132 Ma.The vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the represented by Hailar Basin in eastern Mongolian Plateau(141.6-141.4 Ma),form conifer forest or conifer broad-leaved mixed forest to conifer forest with shrubs and grassland,the climate belongs to warm temperate and warm-subtropicalt,the highest temperature is estimated to reach 35-38℃.Form 132.3 Ma,the vegetation type is conifer forest,and its paleoclimate is sub-humid warm temperate,the highest temperature is estimated to reach 24-29℃.

Geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic implication of Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites in Hailar Basin,NE China

Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites of the Shangkuli Formation in the Hailar Basin of NE China exhibit geochemical characteristics of high silicon,alkali,Fe/Mg,Ga/Al,Zr,Pb,HFSEs,and REE contents but low Ca,Ba,Sr and Eu,which meet the criteria of typical reduced A-type granite.The A-type rhyolites are most probably derived from magmatic underplating and partial melting of quartz-feldspathic lower crust,with the lithospheric mantle material involved,due to the extensional deformation of the Erguna-Hulun Fault.Although the A-type rhyolites show A1-type trace elements characteristics,they were formed in a post-orogenic extensional background together with the coeval widespread bimodal volcanic rocks,metamorphic core complexes,volcanic fault basins and metallogenic province in the Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.This extension event was related to the collapse of thickened region of the continental crust after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.

Fluid interaction mechanism and diagenetic reformation of basement reservoirs in Beier Sag, Hailar Basin, China

Based on analysis of core observation, thin sections, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscope(SEM), etc., and geochemical testing of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes composition, element content, fluid inclusions, and formation water, the fluid interaction mechanism and diagenetic reformation of fracture-pore basement reservoirs of epimetamorphic pyroclastic rock in the Beier Sag, Hailar Basin were studied. The results show that:(1) Two suites of reservoirs were developed in the basement, the weathering section and interior section, the interior section has a good reservoir zone reaching the standard of type I reservoir.(2) The secondary pores are formed by dissolution of carbonate minerals, feldspar, and tuff etc.(3) The diagenetic fluids include atmospheric freshwater, deep magmatic hydrothermal fluid, organic acids and hydrocarbon-bearing fluids.(4) The reservoir diagenetic reformation can be divided into four stages: initial consolidation, early supergene weathering-leaching, middle structural fracture-cementation-dissolution, and late organic acid-magmatic hydrothermal superimposed dissolution. Among them, the second and fourth stages are the stages for the formation of weathering crust and interior dissolution pore-cave reservoirs, respectively.

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely re-lated to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation; (5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.

Origin of CO_2 gas from the north depression of the middle fault zone in the Hailar-Tamtsag Basin and natural gas in nearby depressions

Natural gas pools with the high contents of CO2 were discovered during exploring the middle fault zone of the Hailar-Tamtsag Basin. So far this kind of gas reservoir with CO2 with characteristics of carbon isotope is spe-cial. The stable carbon isotope of CO2 in the study area is relatively light with δ13 CCO2 values ranging from -13.1‰ to -8.2‰. The 40Ar/36Ar values of associated argon gas range from 916 to 996, with R/Ra of 1.20-1.26. Based on comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the CO2 gas in this study area is of crust mantle source.

海拉尔盆地油气勘探新领域、新层系及资源潜力

海拉尔盆地是“十四五”(2016―2020年)大庆油田持续有效发展资源接替的重要领域,历经多年勘探,已在乌尔逊凹陷的苏仁诺尔构造带、乌东斜坡带和贝尔凹陷的贝中次凹、苏德尔特构造带、霍多莫尔构造带、呼和诺仁构造带及巴彦塔拉构造带等富油凹陷的主体构造提交了储量。面临剩余更加复杂的勘探对象,按照以往常规油气勘探思路已不能满足勘探发现的需要。为了搞清楚海拉尔盆地的剩余资源类型、成藏特征、潜力,基于盆内钻井岩心岩屑、测井、地震等资料,总结全层系、全盆地主力源岩分布、不同类型储层特征及源储组合特征,指出潜在资源类型、控制要素、分布模式、增储潜力。结果表明:富油凹陷的深凹区致密油、侏罗系塔木兰沟组、基岩潜山还具备较大勘探潜力,剩余资源总量达9.08×10^(8)t;已经在构造带提交的常规油藏储量1.5×10^(8)t只占总资源量的14.2%,其中致密油资源依托南屯组一段为主要源岩,源上、源下致密类型在深凹区叠置连片分布,剩余资源潜力为3.84×10^(8)t;侏罗系塔木兰沟组自生自储,近源成藏,剩余资源潜力为2.37×10^(8)t;潜山油藏通过通源断层、生油层不整合覆盖,源储侧接,内幕及表层一体化成藏,剩余资源潜力为2.87×10^(8)t。研究成果可推动海拉尔盆地及其类似断陷盆地全油气资源的高效勘探,并提供技术和勘探实践参考。

改进的砂泥岩地层中断裂封闭性评价SGR法及应用

SGR法评价断裂在砂泥岩地层中侧向封闭性时,通常采用统计得到的常数作为下限值,导致评价结果与勘探实践存在着较大的偏差。针对上述问题,采用断裂倾角、断层岩压实成岩时间、目的储层泥质含量和压实成岩时间,确定断裂在砂泥岩地层中侧向封闭所需的最小断层岩泥质含量。研究表明:最小断层泥质含量是基于封闭机理所求的一个变值,解决了SGR法统计采用常数值存在偏差的问题,有效提高了侧向封闭性评价的准确性。将该方法应用于海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷西部呼和诺尔构造带F3断裂在南二段砂泥岩储层的侧向封闭性评价,获得了测点5、7、8和12—15处F3断裂在南二段砂岩储层内侧向封闭,而其余测点处侧向不封闭的重要认识。该认识与油气主要分布在测点7、8、12、14处的情况吻合。研究成果对含油气盆地砂泥岩地层断层型油气藏分布特征及指明油气勘探方向具有重要借鉴意义。

海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组致密储层特征及有利区预测

综合运用岩心分析、铸体薄片、高压压汞等资料,对海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组储层特征及其主控因素开展了详细研究,并对有利区进行了定量综合评价。研究结果表明:(1)海拉尔盆地中部断陷带南屯组岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,储层孔隙度小于12%的样品数占总样品数的70.2%,渗透率小于1 mD的样品数占总样品数的66.3%,属于致密砂岩储层,储层储集空间主要为少量原生孔隙和大量次生溶蚀孔隙。(2)沉积相控制了研究区储层物性在空间上的总体分布规律,南屯组最有利的沉积相带是辫状河三角洲前缘和扇三角洲前缘亚相;压实作用对储层具有减孔效应,溶蚀作用普遍发育,形成了大量粒间和粒内溶孔,对储集性具有一定改善作用。(3)盆地中部断陷带发育缓坡断阶构造带、陡坡断阶构造带和洼槽带3种构造带,其中缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带为主要的油气聚集区带,其断裂的大量发育均早于或同期于烃源岩大量排烃阶段,为油气运移提供了通道。(4)将“沉积相-孔隙度-储层厚度-砂地比-埋藏深度”五要素进行叠合,定量评价有利储层发育区,其中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类优质储层主要分布在盆地中部断陷带的缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带。

高停泵特征储层压裂施工参数优化设计方法——以海拉尔油田为例

海拉尔油田深部储层大规模压裂施工停泵压力梯度高,加砂困难,压裂效益低。为了明确高停泵储层裂缝起裂和扩展特征,优化高停泵储层压裂施工参数,利用FracproPT软件模拟海拉尔油田高停泵储层的裂缝扩展,分析了裂缝起裂和扩展的特征,以及高停泵储层渗透率、储层与隔层应力差、杨氏模量和泊松比对施工参数的影响,并对排量、液量、平均砂比和前置液百分数四个施工参数进行了关联性模拟研究。结果表明,高停泵储层压裂裂缝高度易失去控制,裂缝长度和铺砂浓度小,施工成功率低。针对高停泵储层压裂施工特征,最终形成了控制压力,限制缝高的高停泵储层压裂优化设计方法。通过开展实例井应用,证实了该方法的适用性,可为高停泵储层的压裂优化设计和高效开发提供借鉴。

海拉尔盆地克鲁伦凹陷中-新生代构造演化及其对铀成矿的控制作用

海拉尔盆地是我国基础能源勘探开发的重要盆地之一,富含煤、石油、天然气等多种能源矿产。文章通过构造演化分析,将海拉尔盆地西部的克鲁伦凹陷中-新生代构造演化分为裂陷阶段、断陷阶段、断坳转换阶段和萎缩阶段4个阶段,并梳理了不同演化阶段的构造特征;以成矿系统的角度,从“源—运—储—变—保”出发系统地分析了不同构造演化阶段对铀成矿的控制作用,并认为南屯组及伊敏组沉积末期的构造挤压活动,有利于凹陷西侧阿敦楚鲁花岗岩体进一步剥出地表,并为凹陷提供铀源;同时构造演化控制了凹陷扇三角洲沉积体系的发育和展布,进而控制了含矿沉积建造的发育。根据构造演化特征推断,自伊敏组沉积后,凹陷与蚀源区一直保持水力联系,在地下水的长期的渗入作用下铀成矿作用一直持续进行。

Age assignment and geological significance of the “Budate Group” in the Hailar Basin

Age and nature of the Budate Group in the Hailar Basin are of great significance in studying the evolution of the Hailar Basin and the Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt(XMOB).Zircon U-Pb ages of eight volcanic rocks from the Budate Group and two basement granites in the Hailar Basin were reported in this study.The dating results indicated that the formation of these volcanic rocks was consistent with the emplacement of Late Paleozoic basement granite in age(356-290 Ma),i.e.,Early Carboniferous to Early Permian rather than Early Mesozoic.Combined with regional geology,it was concluded that the Budate Group is the component of the basement of the Hailar Basin,and these volcanic rocks were formed at an active continental margin,which is related to the closure of the Hegen Mountains suture zone.The captured Neoproterozoic zircons(814-873 Ma) were probably derived from the Neoproterozoic basement materials in the Ergun Block,implying the close genetic relationships between the Ergun Block(including the Hailar Basin) and the Siberian Block.

呼伦贝尔市乡村旅游在乡村文化振兴中的作用

为了研究乡村旅游在乡村文化振兴中的作用,介绍了乡村旅游和乡村文化振兴的概念及要求,以内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区为研究对象,借助文献调查法、主成分分析法对资料进行分析,构建乡村旅游对乡村文化振兴的效应指标体系。结果表明,海拉尔区产业发展、生态适应、乡村文明建设、乡村治理建设和乡村生活质量5个维度的效应得分分别为3.004、3.003、3.003、3.002、3.001,其中产业发展对该地区的影响效应最明显;海拉尔区经济、环境、生态、文化建设等得到不同程度的改善。研究结果能为海拉尔区乡村旅游发展策略的制定提供参考。