Sandstone Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of Paleogene in Huimin Depression

The sandstones of the paleogene in the Huimin Depression have undergone numerous diagenetic processes, such as compaction, cementation, dissolution, metasomasis and recrystallization. The first three — compaction, cementation and dissolution — affect reservoir properties most intensively. An average porosity loss due to compaction is 0.78% per 100 meters, slightly higher in the central and southern parts and lower in the northern. Cementation has resulted in the porosity loss from 8% to 20% at a depth below 1,500 meters. Dissolution, which in most cases is the dissolution of feldspar and of carbonate cement, primarily occurs in two depth intervals, from 1,400 to 2,500 meters and 2,700 to 4,000 meters respectively. New porosity is created through dissolution from 4% to 14%. The sandstones experienced stage A and stage B of early diagenesis and stage A of late diagenesis. At present, most of them are experiencing Phase A2 of late diagenesis. The types of pores in the sand reservoir can be grouped into primary and secondary ones.

Composition and Provenance of Sandstones and Siltstones in Paleogene,Huimin Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,Eastern China

This study was conducted to distinguish the compositions and provenance of sandstones and siltstones in the Ek1-Es3 members of Huimin （惠民） depression. The samples have been analyzed for petrographic, major element and selected trace element compositions （including REE）. The results show that the sandstones from the first member of Kongdian （孔店） Formation （Ek1） have higher quartz compositions than those from the fourth member （Es4） and the third member （Es3） of Shahejie （沙河街） Formation. The alkali feldspar/plagioclase ratio in the A-CN-K diagrams decreases in the order Ek1〉Es4〉Es3, which suggests that the Ek1 member had a more alkali feldspar-rich granitoid source and more intense weathering of the source than the Es4 and Es3 members. The mineral distributions in the A-CN-K diagrams also indicate that the sandstones and siltstones in the three members underwent K-metasomatism. Extrapolation of the sandstones and siltstones back to the plagioclase-alkali feldspar line in the A-CN-K diagram suggests a high average plagioclase to alkali feldspar ratio in the provenance （tonalite to granite）. In addition, the chemical index of weathering （CIW） and chemical index of alteration （CIA） parameters of the sandstones and siltstones suggest that the weathering of the first cycle material was intense, and the CIW decreases in the order Ek1〉Es4〉Es3 Trace element ratios suggest all the sedimentary rocks were mostly derived from granitoids. Elemental ratio plots （e.g., Th/Sc vs. Eu/Eu^＊） of sandstones and siltstones suggest a mix of a granodiorite-tonalite source as a source of the sandstones and siltstones. The sandstones and siltstones of Es3 and Es4 members also contain higher Eu/Eu＊ and lower Th/Sc ratios than the sandstones and siltstones of Ek1 member. As is consistent with the petrography, it suggests that the sandstones and siltstones of Es3 and Es4 members are derived from a source with less granite and more granodiorite-tonalite than the sandstones and siltstones of Ek1 member.

Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation in Huimin depression,eastern China

Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation (Es4). The Es4 sandstones are mostly arkose and lithic arkose, rarely feldspathic litharenite, with an average mass fraction of quartz 51.6%, feldspar 33.8% and rock fragments 14.6% (Q51.6F33.8R14.6). They have an average framework composition (mass fraction) of quartz 57.10%, K-feldspar 5.76%, sodium-calcium feldspar 13.00%, calcite 5.77%, dolomite 5.63%, siderite 0.95%, pyrite 0.30%, anhydrite 0.04%, and clay mineral 11.46%. The diagenentic minerals typically include kaolinite, illite-smectite (I/S), illite, chlorite, authigenetic quartz and feldspar, and carbonate and pyrite. Es4 sandstone has undergone stages A and B of eodiagenesis, and now, it is experiencing stage A of mesodiagenesis. Reservoir quality is predominantly controlled by the mechanical compaction, for example, 45.65% of the original porosity loss is related to compaction. The original porosity loss related with cementation is only 26.00%. The reservoir quality is improved as a result of dissolution of feldspar, rock fragment and so forth. The porosity evolved from dissolution varies from 3% to 4%.

Remaining oil distribution in (Ng_3)~3 bottom water reservoir of Lin 2-6 fault-block in Huimin depression and potential tapping in horizontal well

Oil reservoirs with secondary bottom water in Ng33 members (in Guantao formation, Paleogene system) of Lin2-6 fault block in Huimin depression (Bohai Bay Basin) have entered the late stage of ultra-high water-containing-exploitation. Oil exploitation from vertical wells is becoming more and more inefficient. The reservoir type, with water displacing oil and the remaining oil distribution are specifically studied in order to improve the efficiency of the recovery ratio. An integrated scheme for adjusting horizontal wells has been designed and the key technique of the scheme optimized. The study shows that: 1) the positive rhythm of fluvial depositional features is the internal cause of the flooding of oil reservoirs while water injection, injection-production patterns and accumulative petroleum production are the external causes; 2) oil-water driving patterns have transferred from edge water advancing to bottom-water-coning; distribution of the remaining oil mainly concentrates in the upper rhythm and top of the middle rhythm in Ng33 members; 3) a great deal of remaining oil is enriched in high positions of faults, in axes of tiny structures, in stagnation areas among water-injection wells and oil-wells and in tectonic saddle areas with sparse wells. Compared with vertical wells, horizontal wells have advantages such as high recovery, high off-take potential, high critical output, large controlling areas and long time of bottom-water breakthrough.

Conditions for the Formation of Oil and Gas Pools in Tertiary Volcanics in the Western Part of the Huimin Sag, Shandong and Their Distribution

Conditions for the Formation of oil and gas pools in Tertiary volcanics in the western part of the Huimin sag, Shandong and then (?)stribution have been studied based on the geological, seismic and well-logging information. In this paper, the types and lithofacies of the volcanic rocks in the western part of the Huimin sag are described; the relationship between rocks and electrical properties, the seismic reflection structures, the development and distribution of the volcanic rocks are expounded; and the fourfold role of the volcanic activities in the formation of the oil and gas pools is also dealt with. It is considered by the authors that the volcanic activities were not destructive to the formation of oil and gas pools but a factor favourable to the accumulation of organic matters and their conversion to hydrocarbon. The volcanic rocks might have served as reservoir rocks and cap rocks, or as a synsedimentary anticline. The prerequisites and important factors for the formation of oil and gas pools and their distribution are pointed out in the paper.

Tectonics and Mechanisms of Uplift in the Central Uplift Belt of the Huimin Depression

The Huimin（惠民） depression is a third-level tectonic element of the Bohai（渤海） Bay basin in eastern China.The central uplift belt is the most important oil and gas accumulation zone in the depression,but the lack of adequate geological studies in the area has greatly hindered exploration and development.In this article,using seismic data,fracture mechanics,and a combination of data on fault growth indices and fault throws,we present an analysis of tectonic activity in the central uplift belt and adjacent regions.The amount of extension is calculated along balanced N-S cross-sections,along with the thickness of strata eroded from the fourth,third,and second members of the Shahejie（沙河街） Formation（Es4-Es2） in the uplift belt,by analyzing porosity and stratigraphic correlations.In addition,uplift features are described,and their timing and processes of formation are analyzed and dis-cussed.The results indicate that strike-slip and extensional tectonic movements coexisted,with the effects of the latter most obvious.The spatial and temporal nature of the extensional move-ments is varied：fault activity during the period Ek-Es4 was the strongest on the northern Ningnan（宁南） fault,and activity in the western part of the area was stronger than that in the east,which in turn was stronger than that in the central region;during Es3-Es2,the strongest fault movements were along the eastern part of the middle Linyi（临邑） fault,and activity in the western part of the area was rela-tively weak,whereas in the mid-west it was the strongest.The extensional movements were a response to the activity of the faults.The sediments in the lower part of the fourth member of the Shahejie For-mation（Es4x） show that Es4 was the time when the central belt first began to be uplifted strongly.Uplift was uneven during the Paleogene：the western part of the area was uplifted continuously,while the mid-eastern area underwent alternating periods of uplift and subsidence.During the Paleogene,a number of different tectonic features developed in the central uplift belt at different times and are manifested as follows：during the period Ek-Es4,a gentle slope was formed as part of the Zizhen（滋镇） sag;during Es3-Es2,the northern part of the central uplift belt continued to display a gentle slope as part of the Zizhen sag,but the southern region developed an steep slope as part of the Linnan（临南） sag.There are close interrelationships between uplift,strike-slip,and extension within the central uplift belt of the Huimin depression,as is manifest by the areas of strongest extension being uplifted most rapidly,and also eroded the most.

“惠民保”对居民医疗消费的影响研究——基于CFPS数据的实证分析

为缓解医保基金和个人支付压力,我国政府鼓励发展补充医疗保险和商业健康保险,“惠民保”应运而生,其设立的初衷是填补医保基金保障空白,缓解居民医疗费用负担,减少家庭因病致贫。基于中国家庭追踪调查CFPS数据,采取PSM-DID方法可以检验“惠民保”推出对居民自付医疗费用负担的影响。回归结果显示,其推出能使居民自付医疗费用降低17%左右,有效减轻居民医疗费用负担,“惠民保”通过降低家庭风险、放松预算约束等机制实现了这一目标。从异质性分析结果来看,“惠民保”对乡村的影响大于对城镇的影响,对高收入组和中收入组的影响大于对低收入组的影响,对西部地区影响大于东部地区。因此在产品设计上要适当扩大“惠民保”的保障范围,丰富保障内容,在产品运营上加快推广,扩大产品覆盖面,把握商业健康险科普机会,发掘更多潜在客户,提供更多增值服务,防止“死亡螺旋”问题发生。

新质生产力赋能非遗文化传承:以惠民“元”塑为例的研究

新质生产力蓬勃兴起,正引领我们打开深入探索非遗文化保护的新维度。通过阐述新质生产力的内涵特征,并从历时性和共时性两个维度深度剖析了惠民泥塑的独特艺术魅力与文化价值,进而聚焦新质生产力在非遗文化传承中的实践应用与技术赋能路径,提出以惠民“元”塑为核心的数字化保护与创意设计策略,力求借助数字智能技术打破传统传承方式的局限,让惠民泥塑焕发新的艺术生命力。在新质生产力+非遗的指向和方式上力求寻找新思路,探索推动非遗文化与现代科技的深度融合的方法。

四气合璧,华彩照程——曹惠民的台港澳海外华文文学研究

曹惠民是台港澳海外华文文学研究名家和大家,其研究特色可归结为“四气”,即底气大气、锐气和灵气。底气源自其深湛的学养和原典实证的精神,大气源自其开阔的学术视野和胸襟,锐气源自其敏锐的学术先觉和责任,灵气源自其为学为文的细心和慧心。曹惠民“整合两岸,兼容雅俗”“多元共生的中华文学”,以及“四没有一不”的治学理念和实践,“四气”以贯,开拓并引领了台港澳海外华文文学研究的进程。

名老中医刘惠民辨治瘿病经验撷菁

瘿病发病机制复杂,西医范畴类似于多种甲状腺疾病,如进一步发展易引起严重并发症,中医药在综合长期干预、延缓病情进展方面有明显优势。全国名老中医刘惠民先生从医近六十年,在治疗瘿病方面有独到见解,擅长治疗西药疗效不佳、长久不愈的瘿病。刘老认为单纯性甲状腺肿、甲状腺功能亢进等甲状腺疾病临床可从瘿病分型论治,病多属本虚标实,当责之于肝脾肾,涉及心肺,基本病机为脾肾不足、气血不畅、痰邪阻滞,在临证时受其师张锡纯思想影响,强调固本,注重整体辨证,善于攻补兼施。用药上极具个人特色,重视中药性味、炮制方法、剂型等的选择,常汤剂酒剂并用,并在运用酸枣仁、黄药子等药治疗瘿病方面有丰富经验,文章对刘老治疗瘿病的临证经验进行系统梳理,以期为临床治疗该病提供一定借鉴意义。

惠民凹陷江家店地区古近系沙河街组物源体系特征与演化

【目的】惠民凹陷江家店地区沙四上—沙三段物源体系认识薄弱,增加了砂体和储层预测的难度。系统分析物源体系特征及演化,可为砂体和储层预测奠定基础。【方法】通过特征元素、岩石组分Q型聚类和砂砾岩百分含量分布特征等分析,识别出研究区物源区和碎屑物质搬运路径,建立了物源体系演化模式。【结果与结论】沙四上—沙三段层序Ⅰ至层序Ⅴ的特征元素比值分布模式与中生界具有良好的吻合关系,表现为明显高Mg/Mn比值、Al/Mg比值和较高Al/Na比值、Ba/Mn比值的特点;岩石组分Q型聚类分析结果表现为五种QFR组合,揭示了三大物源体系,包括过夏27—夏斜98井区物源体系、过夏37井区物源体系、过夏222—夏223—夏225井区物源体系;层序Ⅰ、层序Ⅱ时期,研究区东南侧的鲁西隆起区提供大量的碎屑物质,砂体发育范围大,层序Ⅲ时期物源区明显后退,砂体规模变小,层序Ⅳ、层序Ⅴ时期物源区向湖盆推进,砂体展布范围再次扩大。

多层次医疗保障体系下的惠民保险高质量发展研究

目的推进惠民保险高质量发展进程,进一步完善多层次医疗保障体系。方法基于社会福利政策分析框架从分配基础、给付内容、输送机制和资金选择4个维度分析惠民保险的发展现状,进一步探究推进惠民保险高质量发展面临的挑战并据此提出相应政策建议。结果研究发现,推进惠民保险高质量发展过程中面临的潜在风险客观存在、地区发展不协调、政策性和营利性难以均衡、医保数据使用受限4大难题。结论建议加大风险管控力度,完善地区资源配置,发挥政企联动优势,加快数字化建设进程。

渤海湾盆地惠民凹陷中央隆起带张扭性断裂演化的构造物理模拟研究

惠民凹陷位于渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷西部,新生代时期经历了南北向伸展,形成了典型的“北断南超”半地堑结构。平面上,惠民凹陷中央隆起带发育了NE至近EW向的张扭断裂体系;垂向上,中央隆起带断裂体系从深部到浅部呈现出由雁列式分段到逐渐连接贯通的特征。目前对惠民凹陷中央隆起带断裂体系的结构特征有了较好的刻画,但是对于该断裂体系形成的运动学过程及其控制因素仍然停留在描述阶段。文章设计了一组张扭构造物理模拟实验,以探究惠民中央隆起带断裂构造演化过程及其控制因素。实验再现了惠民凹陷中央隆起带断裂体系在平面上由早期孤立分段、侧向传播、最终贯通的三个阶段;在剖面上也很好对应了中央隆起带沿走向由共轭断裂系向阶梯式断裂的结构转变特征。基于粒子成像测速(PIV)的应变分析,文章构建了三阶段的应变—断层距离统计图,揭示了各分段断裂由早期无连接,经历侧向生长,从软连接到硬连接的构造演化过程。研究证实在南北向区域伸展作用下,盆地基底NEE向先存断裂的活化是惠民凹陷中央隆起带张扭构造形成的根本原因。文章利用砂箱构造物理模拟实验揭示了惠民凹陷中央隆起带断裂发育的机制,可为类似的张扭性断陷盆地的断裂演化与油气成藏研究提供有益的启示。

《太平惠民和剂局方》成药总量大的原因分析

在宋代药物缺乏的背景下,其药物每服量较前代减少,许多学者对此已进行广泛而深入的研究。然而《太平惠民和剂局方》(以下简称《局方》)作为宋代官药局的成药处方范本,其所载的诸多成药处方的总剂量却十分大,与其较小的每次服用剂量成鲜明对比,其中许多成药可供患者服用百天以上,患者若未服用完毕即病情痊愈则会造成药物浪费,似与宋代缺医少药的情况不符。文章从社会环境、和剂局职能、官药局药物特点3个角度分析了在药材短缺的时代背景下,宋政府如此设定方剂剂量的合理性。文章认为,不能仅从临床角度去理解《局方》的成药剂量设定,因为其不仅要确保临床疗效,还要兼顾交通情况、官药局职能、成药质量、百姓需求等方面,因此临床上使用《局方》所载方剂时应灵活调整其药物剂量。并且宋代作为首个开展全民医保的朝代,其“便民利民”的精神值得学习,其“每服少,全方大”的成药剂量设定也有一定借鉴意义。

百姓需要怎样的惠民保:费用补偿还是健康促进?

目的 从需求侧角度探究城市定制型商业医疗保险(以下简称“惠民保”)产品设计因素对百姓惠民保购买意愿的影响。方法 采用问卷调查收集样本数据,运用多因素logistic回归模型探索各因素对惠民保购买意愿的影响。结果 在惠民保产品设计相关因素中,共保体承保(P <0.05)、健康管理服务(P <0.01)、免赔额(P <0.05)和保险价格(P <0.05)是影响惠民保购买意愿的重要因素;在居民保险素养相关因素中,惠民保了解程度(P <0.01)和购买其他商业保险意愿(P <0.01)是影响惠民保购买意愿的重要因素。结论 百姓对惠民保的价值功能诉求不只是费用补偿,费用补偿与健康促进双重价值功能需求凸显。居民保险素养也是影响惠民保购买意愿的重要因素。建议政府引导保险公司转变惠民保的价值功能定位,以惠民保项目推广为抓手提升百姓健康保险素养,促进健康保险市场有序发展。

应对惠民保逆向选择问题的创新做法研究

惠民保作为一款社商融合保险,在我国多层次保障体系中占有重要地位,但也存在较大的逆向选择风险。对此,在总结各地创新做法的基础上,从筹资机制、保障待遇、增值服务三个方面提出惠民保逆向选择的应对之策:完善惠民保筹资机制,进一步提高参保率和续保率;优化惠民保保障待遇设计,进一步打造全方位保障体系;改善惠民保增值服务设计,进一步提升用户获得感。

日本静嘉堂藏元刊本《新刊惠民御药院方》版本考

[目的]考察日本静嘉堂所藏《新刊惠民御药院方》(以下简称静嘉堂本)的版本特征及递藏过程,分析此版本的研究价值。[方法]通过文献研究的方法,对《御药院方》的成书概况、版本现状进行概括,重点研究静嘉堂本的版本特征、递藏过程及其研究价值。[结果]静嘉堂本为元刊孤本,刊刻质量较高。此本已知最早的收藏者应是清代藏书家张金吾,后依次经汪士钟、蔡廷相和蔡廷祯兄弟、陆心源递藏,最后远渡日本,为日本静嘉堂文库所得。此外,通过对比《御药院方》另外两个版本发现,静嘉堂本中对部分方药的记载更加详细,对部分药物剂量的记载也更为准确。以上说明,静嘉堂本有一定文献和临床研究价值。[结论]静嘉堂本版本稀见,曾为多位有名藏书家所珍藏,其内容与国内此前所见的另外两个版本有所不同,值得进一步深入研究。

《太平惠民和剂局方》外障眼病用药探析

《太平惠民和剂局方》是我国历史上第一部由政府颁布的成药药典,同时也是一部以病证分类、涉及788首方剂在临床使用的大型方书,对后世临床用药产生了深远而广泛的影响。本文从《太平惠民和剂局方》眼目疾卷所用的辨证方法、外障眼病证候、方剂应用特点、剂型、服药方法等方面进行探析,发现该书眼目疾卷使用的眼科辨证方法为辨外障与内障,卷中24方(内服方18个、外用方6个)均可治疗外障眼病,其中包括散剂16方、丸剂7方、膏剂2方;并总结了24方治疗外障眼病的证候,主要包括胬肉攀睛、暴赤眼、目生翳膜、睑生风粟、睑弦赤烂、眵泪羞明等,以及用药特点。本研究可为中医眼科临床外障眼病的治疗提供一定参考。

网络治理视角下惠民保发展问题与优化建议

为明确惠民保产品在多层次医疗保障体系中的补充作用,推动我国多层次医疗保障体系建设,提出惠民保产品发展的网络治理模式。以网络治理理论为基础,构建政府主导的多主体协同合作的网络治理结构模式。当前惠民保产品在发展过程中存在网络治理结构中政府主导作用不强、各网络治理主体之间有多重壁垒、保险科技作用发挥不足与数字化建设水平有待提升等问题。因此,在惠民保产品的发展过程中,应坚持政府主导的原则,明确并合理界定政府与市场之间的界限;采取一系列优化措施,包括以制度化的方式破除各网络治理主体间的多重障碍与壁垒;加速推进数字化建设进程,不断提升数字化水平,以确保惠民保产品的高效运行和可持续发展。

基于数据挖掘的聂惠民治疗小儿咳嗽用药规律研究

目的 分析聂惠民教授治疗小儿咳嗽的用药规律。方法 收集筛选聂惠民教授1998年8月-2005年12月治疗小儿咳嗽临床病案,经过数据清洗、标准化处理后建立医案数据库,运用古今医案云平台V2.3.7、R-Studio3.6.2、Mul-Charts1.8等软件进行中药统计分析、聚类分析、核心方药分析,对高频药物进行流年变化分析,并将其规律进行可视化展示;进行兼症-中药分析,获得治疗兼症的中药。结果 共纳入处方618首,涉及药物113味,中药性味以微寒、平、寒及苦、甘、辛为主,归经以肺经、胃经、心经、脾经、肝经、肾经为主,使用频次较高的药物为柴胡、川贝母、甘草、桔梗、牡蛎、黄芩、白芍、炙甘草、龙骨等,聚类分析显示出5个药物群组,其中药物群组2与核心方药分析出的药物一致,以小柴胡汤、芍药甘草汤、桔梗汤为基础加减;流年变化分析显示,炒六神曲、炒麦芽、炒山楂比例总体有增加,提示更加重视调理脾胃;兼症-中药分析显示兼症以肺脾胃系症状为主,治疗仍以调肺脾胃为主。结论 聂惠民教授以小柴胡汤为基础治疗小儿咳嗽,以和解少阳、调畅气机、理肺化痰为基本治法,同时重视调理脾胃。