A Study on the Challenges of Human-Centric Cyber-Security and the Guarantee of Information Quality

Information security and quality management are often considered two different fields. However, organizations must be mindful of how software security may affect quality control. This paper examines and promotes methods through which secure software development processes can be integrated into the Systems Software Development Life-cycle (SDLC) to improve system quality. Cyber-security and quality assurance are both involved in reducing risk. Software security teams work to reduce security risks, whereas quality assurance teams work to decrease risks to quality. There is a need for clear standards, frameworks, processes, and procedures to be followed by organizations to ensure high-level quality while reducing security risks. This research uses a survey of industry professionals to help identify best practices for developing software with fewer defects from the early stages of the SDLC to improve both the quality and security of software. Results show that there is a need for better security awareness among all members of software development teams.

A Novel Data Schema Integration Framework for the Human-Centric Services in Smart City

Human-centric service is an important domain in smart city and includes rich applications that help residents with shopping, dining, transportation, entertainment, and other daily activities. These applications have generated a massive amount of hierarchical data with different schemas. In order to manage and analyze the city-wide and cross-application data in a unified way, data schema integration is necessary. However, data from human-centric services has some distinct characteristics, such as lack of support for semantic, matching, large number of schemas, and incompleteness of schema element labels. These make the schema integra- tion difficult using existing approaches. We propose a novel framework for the data schema integration of the human-centric services in smart city. The framework uses both schema metadata and instance data to do schema matching, and introduces human intervention based on a similarity entropy criteria to balance precision and efficiency. Moreover, the framework works in an incremental manner to reduce computation workload. We conduct an experiment with real-world dataset collected from multiple estate sale application systems. The results show that our approach can produce high-quality mediated schema with relatively less human in- terventions compared to the baseline method.

Digital ID framework for human-centric monitoring and control of smart buildings

Smart offices can help employers attract and retain talented people and can positively impact well-being and productivity.Thanks to emerging technologies and increased computational power,smart buildings with a specific focus on personal experience are gaining attraction.Real-time monitoring and estimation of the human states are key to achieving individual satisfaction.Although some studies have incorporated real-time data into the buildings to predict occupants’indoor experience(e.g.,thermal comfort and work engagement),a detailed framework to integrate personal prediction models with building systems has not been well studied.Therefore,this paper proposes a framework to predict and track the real-time states of each individual and assist with decision-making(e.g.,room assignment and indoor environment control).The core idea of the framework is to distinguish individuals by a new concept of Digital ID(DID),which is then integrated with recognition,prediction,recommendation,visualization,and feedback systems.The establishment of the DID database is discussed and a systematic prediction methodology to determine occupants’indoor comfort is developed.Based on the prediction results,the Comfort Score Index(CSI)is proposed to give recommendations regarding the best-fit rooms for each individual.In addition,a visualization platform is developed for real-time monitoring of the indoor environment.To demonstrate the framework,a case study is presented.The thermal sensation is considered the reference for the room allocation,and two groups of people are used to demonstrate the framework in different scenarios.For one group of people,it is assumed that they are existing occupants with personal DID databases.People in another group are considered the new occupants without any personal database,and the public database is used to give initial guesses about their thermal sensations.The results show that the recommended rooms can provide better thermal environments for the occupants compared to the randomly assigned rooms.Furthermore,the recommendations regarding the indoor setpoints(temperature and lighting level)are illustrated using a work engagement prediction model.However,although specific indoor metrics are used in the case study to demonstrate the framework,it is scalable and can be integrated with any other algorithms and techniques,which can serve as a fundamental framework for future smart buildings.

Human-Centricity in Tax Administration:Practice of the Federal Tax Service of Russia

In recent years,the Federal Tax Service(FTS)of Russia has been steadi-ly evolving from service-oriented to human-centric tax administration.Taxpayers,who invest in the country’s development,could not be treated as the customers in a narrow business context.One of the top priorities of the Government of the Russian Federation is to re-focus public administration from a service-oriented approach to a client-centric model,where public services are convenient and integrated into the daily lives of the citizens.The large-scale changes require transformation of organizational culture in the tax administration.The commitment of the FTS leadership is the key to the transformation.

From Digital Human Modeling to Human Digital Twin: Framework and Perspectives in Human Factors

The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.

可信人工智能发展与法律制度的构建

人工智能的技术发展虽然取得了显著的成就,但还存在技术安全风险、背离传统法律价值等导致其不可信的诸多因素。人工智能技术的发展,须以用户信任为前提。人工智能的信任须建立在技术安全、确定性的法律管控和社会伦理正确引领的基础上。可信人工智能法律制度建构的关键在于,遵循以人为本、人类主导、技术中立等外在准则和透明、安全、可问责等内在准则,捍卫现代法治的传统和宪法确认的公民的基本权利,维护人类福祉。可通过建立和完善测试制度、监督制度和法律责任制度,保障人工智能的可信发展。

以女性为中心的智能产品设计研究

强调在智能产品设计领域应挖掘女性文化价值。围绕女性设计与人本智能产品发展现状,探究新视角下女性智能产品设计前景。采用案例分析法、文献调查法、跨学科研究法等研究方法,分析不同女性社会性别角色在产品设计中的现状。归纳以女性为中心的产品设计层次:“为女性设计”“由女性设计”和“因女性设计”。总结主要流程的设计方法,并结合智能美妆冰箱设计实践案例验证相关设计方法。为女性智能产品设计研究提供一定参考。

面向人本智造的工业外骨骼:挑战、进展和展望

以人为本是工业5.0的重要特征之一,实现以人为本的安全生产是工业5.0背景下人本智造的基本要求。工业生产中仍有部分场景离不开人的精细操作和智能决策,在这些场景中实现以人为本的安全生产可以保护工人安全和提高生产效率。工业外骨骼可以帮助工人减轻身体负担和风险,提高安全生产的效率和可靠性。为促进我国工业外骨骼在汽车装配、电力维修、矿山施工等工业场景中更好地协助工人进行安全生产,总结了国内外工业外骨骼的研究进展,根据人所承担的工作不同将外骨骼划分为用于姿态保持的工业外骨骼和用于负载抬举的工业外骨骼,并围绕工业外骨骼的定制设计、考虑人因的外骨骼控制系统设计、人机信任关系、工业外骨骼信息感知、人机交互以及工业外骨骼变刚度驱动6个方面分析实现以人为本的安全生产关键技术,在此基础上对工业外骨骼实现安全生产的技术发展趋势进行了总结和展望。

基于三基色LED的线性调光混合照明

为提供高品质、智能健康的照明光源,基于三基色LED光源构建了线性调光混合照明系统,并提出一种调光调色的优化方法。混合光源的光色度和光强度分别用色温和明度等级来设定,使得混合照明效果更加符合“人因照明”的需求。在系统的智能优化配光过程中,将色温转化为CIE u′v′色度坐标,明度转化为亮度,使优化计算更加精确。该系统采用线性调光的方式,既能有效避免混合光源闪烁带来的健康安全问题,配合优化算法又有效解决了线性调光色度漂移大的问题。实验结果表明,在2000 K~8000 K的色温范围内,混合照明系统混合光的色度稳定性保持在1阶CIE u′v′圆内,在对应色温下的整个光强度调节范围内无可察觉的色差。采用线性调光方式在保持光色度稳定上比脉冲宽度调光方式效果更佳。理论探究和实验结果表明该混光照明系统简易可行,具有较高的实用价值。

面向健康照明的光品质标准进展评述——非光学篇

声、光、机、电、热是评价照明相关产品或系统的五个维度。除了光学性能(包括视觉和非视觉),健康照明的光品质还需考虑噪声、机械性能、电学性能、热学性能等非光学指标。本文梳理了与照明相关产品或系统的噪声、机械性能、电学性能、热学性能的标准最新进展,并对相应指标进行了解析和探讨。

影响汽车内饰光导主观均匀性判断的变量研究

直射式光导的均匀性直接影响使用体验,为深入解析汽车内饰环境下影响光导主观均匀性判断的变量,本研究针对三项特征参数,即LED数量、亮度公差和光导中心亮度,进行了研究分析。基于图像模拟和主观评价实验,结果发现:当LED数量由40增至60时,均匀度评分提高9.2%;当公差由0%放宽至80%时,均匀度评分降低22.6%;当中心亮度由10 cd/m 2调至2 cd/m 2时,均匀度评分降低11.5%。此外,Δu′和Δv′值与均匀度评分呈负相关。该研究揭示技术变量与用户体验的内在关联,为产品优化提供参考。

超人因照明的自适应智能照明控制系统设计分析

为解决照明控制系统不够人性化的问题,提出超人因照明的自适应照明控制系统的设计。此系统的设计充分融合现代物联网技术、人工智能技术,让系统具备学习功能,自动感应人体行为,自适应转换区域亮度。借助传感器技术和智能技术设计的照明控制系统,可以适应环境实现自动调节,满足人体个性化的需求。基于超人因照明的自适应照明控制系统是先进的智能照明体系,可在市场上推广使用。

否定论视角下人工智能法律主体地位的思辨与规则构想

近年来,人工智能技术高歌猛进。“强人工智能”在拥有自我编程与系统升级能力的同时,也给社会大众带来了何为人、何为物的哲学省思。不少学者基于人工智能的强大功能主张肯定人工智能的法律主体地位,并赋予其相应的权利、义务甚至责任能力,引发社会忧虑。实际上,法律调整的是因人的意志和行为而发生的法律关系。这种法律关系本质上是人与人之间及人与社会之间的社会关系,无论从人工智能技术的运作抑或是法理学视角下人工智能权利、义务与法律责任承担来看,其都不具有成为法律关系的主体资格。因此,应当对人工智能的法律主体地位予以否定,并从客体论视角下完成涉人工智能法律规则的构想。

以人为中心重铸智能机器革命时代的思维方式

伴随以信息技术和智能化为代表的智能机器革命的快速推进,人类与智能机器之间的边界不断被打破,由此造成的主客体关系紊乱正在引发人类思维方式的剧烈变革,并带来了诸多前所未有的时代难题甚至是人的存在性危机。作为时代精神的哲学,必须要对这一时代变革做出新的历史性思考,以人为中心重铸智能机器革命时代的人类思维方式,重新定位人在现实世界中的地位,重新规划人类未来的发展方向,也就是要以人为中心重新塑造人类的主体能动性,重新建构人类实践与机器行为的一致模式,重新评估人类现存的价值体系,以期不断借助智能机器革命来增进人类福祉、推动社会文明进步以及人的全面发展。

Evaluating Methods of Visual Assistance for Workers to Improve Quality and Usability in Individualized Kitchen Cabinet Assembly

In times of digitalisation, visual assistance systems in assembly are increasingly important. The design of these assembly systems needs to be highly complex to meet the requirements. Due to the increasing number of variants in production processes, as well as shorter innovation and product life cycles, assistance systems should improve quality and reduce complexity of assembly processes. However, many large kitchen manufacturers still assemble kitchen cabinets manually, due to the high variety of components, such as rails and fittings. This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of virtual assistance systems to improve quality and usability in individualised kitchen cabinet assembly processes at a large German manufacturer. A solution is identified and detailed.

论自然的主体性与自然的价值

本文提出人类中心主义与非人类中心主义的争论涉及自然及非人存在物是否有内在价值和权利 ,进而涉及自然及非人存在物是否有主体性。主体性是相对的 ,主体性可表现为不同程度。人不是最高的主体 ,更不是绝对主体 ,大自然才是最高的主体。非人存在物亦有不同程度的主体性 。

会计学革命──从物本主义到人本主义的飞跃

从物本主义到人本主义已成为当代思维方式的主流，会计学须顺应这种时代精神的召唤，对过去物本主义会计展开批判，并构建全新的人本主义会计，即人力资源会计，藉以充分反映人力资源投资，科学核算人力资源价值，完善企业员工的动力机制和内部约束激励机制，形成会计学发展过程中一次新的革命。

21世纪高校院系资料室的管理创新探索

高校院系资料室是高校教学、科研必不可少的情报机构,在高校教学、科研中有着不可替代的作用。文章论述了高校系资料室的地位和作用,分析了高校系资料室管理的现状,并对系资料室提出了全新的管理理念。

论人类中心主义的双重效应

人类以自己为宇宙的中心 ,是人类本性的自然倾向。从人类的实践后果来看 ,人类中心主义信念既产生了积极效应 ,也产生了消极效应 ,尽管人类中心主义的确存在着一些偏颇并在实践上导致了严重的后果 ,但它是人类的精神支柱和内在动力 ,对人类的生存和发展具有极其重要的意义 ,既然人类以自己为中心来看待和对待宇宙的一切 ,是人类的本性使然 ,也是人类在宇宙中存在的必然要求 ,那么人类中心主义作为人类的一种基本信念 ,是不可能放弃的 ,也是不应放弃的。因此 ,对待人类中心主义 ,我们应该有一种冷静、理智的态度 。

以人为本与保持生命多样化的精髓

当代环境危机使人类重新审视人类在自然界中的位置,从消极被动地适应自然到盲目乐观地征服自然,再到今天积极地协调人与自然的关系,表明人文视野的拓展影响着人与自然关系的重新定位。事实上,走出环境危机离不开人,以人类认识世界并掌握世界规律的文明为依据,保持生命多样化,是人类文化的必然归宿。