Emergency Money in Hungarian Pharmacies from World War l to the Hungarian Soviet Republic

All of the existing emergency notes of pharmacy in Hungary between 1914 and 1919 were collected, presented and studied. The concept of emergency money, the causes and circumstances leading to its development were defined. The historical backgrounds of these reasons were studied and presented in chronology order. The various issued emergency money of pharmacy was classified and demonstrated in pictures. When an economic crisis turns up in the life of mankind, special solutions will occur. World War I breaking out a hundred years ago and the Hungarian Soviet Republic created such a situation in Hungary. The official currency was replaced with a new one, the amount of which could not cover the daily purchase of people. The lack of change led to print numerous emergency notes in different fields of life. In this study, all of the so-far discovered pharmaceutical emergency money was collected and presented systematically. The paper is considered to be unique since in the field of the history of pharmacy similar ones have not been born recently. The released notes provide an instantaneous picture of the industry （art, typography, chemical industry etc.） of the given country as well. These pieces of paper are regarded to be valuable treasure among numismatics.

Study on the Hungarian algorithm for the maximum likelihood data association problem

A specialized Hungarian algorithm was developed here for the maximum likelihood data association problem with two implementation versions due to presence of false alarms and missed detections. The maximum likelihood data association problem is formulated as a bipartite weighted matching problem. Its duality and the optimality conditions are given. The Hungarian algorithm with its computational steps, data structure and computational complexity is presented. The two implementation versions, Hungarian forest （HF） algorithm and Hungarian tree （HT） algorithm, and their combination with the naYve auction initialization are discussed. The computational results show that HT algorithm is slightly faster than HF algorithm and they are both superior to the classic Munkres algorithm.

Improved Hungarian algorithm for assignment problems of serial-parallel systems

In order to overcome the shortcoming of the classical Hungarian algorithm that it can only solve the problems where the total cost is the sum of that of each job, an improved Hungarian algorithm is proposed and used to solve the assignment problem of serial-parallel systems. First of all, by replacing parallel jobs with virtual jobs, the proposed algorithm converts the serial-parallel system into a pure serial system, where the classical Hungarian algorithm can be used to generate a temporal assignment plan via optimization. Afterwards, the assignment plan is validated by checking whether the virtual jobs can be realized by real jobs through local searching. If the assignment plan is not valid, the converted system will be adapted by adjusting the parameters of virtual jobs, and then be optimized again. Through iterative searching, the valid optimal assignment plan can eventually be obtained.To evaluate the proposed algorithm, the valid optimal assignment plan is applied to labor allocation of a manufacturing system which is a typical serial-parallel system.

Hungarian算法的推广

分析了非平衡分派问题的线性规划模型的性质和特点，在此基础上，将Hugarian算法推广到非平衡分派问题，利用该算法，可以直接求出非平衡分派问题．

Competition assignment problem algorithm based on Hungarian method

Traditional Hungarian method can only solve standard assignment problems, while can not solve competition assignment problems. This article emphatically discussed the difference between standard assignment problems and competition assignment problems. The kinds of competition assignment problem algorithms based on Hungarian method and the solutions of them were studied.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Time-Cost-Quality Using Hungarian Algorithm

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for solving multi-objective assignment problem (MOAP) through Hungarian Algorithm, and this approach emphasizes on optimal solution of each objective function by minimizing the resource. To illustrate the algorithm a numerical example (Sec. 4;Table 1) is presented.

Adaptive subcarrier allocation for MIMO-OFDMA wireless systems using Hungarian method

MIMO-OFDMA is a promising technique for future broadband wireless communication systems. In this paper, the problem of allocating subcarriers among different users to maximize the total capacity is addressed. The optimal solution can be obtained by Hungarian method is proved, using two utility matrices, i.e. the Frobenius-norm matrix and the determinant matrix. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher capacity than the existing algorithms, and it is globally optimal and easy to be implemented.

Tinnitus characteristics and associated variables on Tinnitus Handicap Inventory among a Hungarian population

Background:Tinnitus is a sound precepted without an external sound stimulus.Its background can be categorised into primary and secondary cases.The secondary cases include pathologies of the external,middle and inner ear.Tinnitus can be objective or subjective;the latter can only identified by the sufferer.Previous research results have shown that tinnitus significantly affects the quality of life and daily functioning.Objectives:To analyse the impact of tinnitus on the daily functioning and the possible influence of demographical data and tinnitus duration on it.Methods:630 patients(265 males and 365 females,25e85 years of age)suffering from primary tinnitus were enrolled.In the Hungarian language,these patients completed the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI)questionnaire and underwent a complete otorhinolaryngological examination.IBM SPSS V24 software was used for data processing;correlation tests,the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used.Results:According to the THI questionnaires outcomes,most patients(62.5%)were presented with a mild handicap.Based on statistical analysis,no significant correlation was observed between the total THI points and the age of the patients,along with the duration and localisation of the symptoms.However,the total THI scores of male and female patients significantly differed,indicating higher THI values in the female group(p=0.00052*).Conclusions:The tinnitus severity was not affected by the duration,localisation of the symptoms and age but by gender,indicating higher values in the case of females.

Effect of special Hungarian probiotic kefir on faecal microflora

AIM： To investigate the effect of a four-week consumption of a special Hungarian probiotic agent （Biofir） on the faecal microflora in human healthy subjects.METHODS： The effect of Biofir with 10^6/cm^3 initial germs on the faecal microflora was studied in 120 healthy volunteers （71 females, 49 males）. The traditional Russian type kefir was used as control. The various germ groups and pH values were determined in wk 2, 4 and 6.RESULTS： The number of all microbes increased during the 4-week probiotic treatment. The number of microbes increased 4,3-fold in the control group and 6.8-fold in Biofir-treated group. The probiotic kefir caused multiplication of the probiotic flora, meanwhile the undesired bacteria multiplied in the control group. No significant change of pH values of the faeces was found in both groups.CONCLUSION： The Hungarian probiotic keflr （Biofir） is capable of promoting multiplication of probiotic bacterial flora in the large bowel.

An Application of the Hungarian Algorithm to Solve Traveling Salesman Problem

In this paper we applicate the Hungarian algorithm for assignment problem to solve traveling salesman problem. Tree examples of application of algorithm are included.

The Hungarian Community in Ferrara at the Estes Court （15-16th Centuries）

This paper, that has been introduced at the annual meeting of the Renaissance Society of America （Washington, March 22, 2012）, is a little part of a wider research about migration and movements of people between Western and Eastern Europe （and vice versa） that, started one year ago, is still in progress. Despite a common thought that had considered, still in 15th century, Hungarians as unculturished and violent people, the town of Ferrara, ruled by the Estes, had welcomed many of them during the 15-16th centuries. They were, above all, and as the sources testify, literati and students. This paper tries to show and analyze the cultural reasons and the background that have determined Hungarians＇ presence in Ferrara during the Renaissance, with the consciousness that if many sources have been studied, many others must be

Enhance Under standing and Cooperation to Builda Bridge of China-Hungary Friendship——Hungarian World Bridge FoundationDelegation Visited China

正At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding (CAFIU), Deputy Speaker of the Hungarian National Assembly and Power Equipments Co., Ltd and Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, and attended the opening ceremony of the 8th China (Shenzhen)

Hungarian Prime Minister Gives Speech on “Tradition and Progress”

Visiting Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany gave a speech on ＂Tradition and Progress＂ at Tsinghua on September 9, 2005. Prior to the speech, Tsinghua President Gu Binglin met with Prime Minister Gyurcsany and gave a brief outline of the university＇s history, faculty, and students. The Chinese Ambassador to Hungary Zhu Zushou, Vice Minister of Education Zhang Xinsheng and Tsinghua Vice President Xie Weihe also attended the event.

Prof. Wang Naiyan met with Hungarian Scientist

Prof. Wang Naiyan, Vice President of NSFC, met with Prof. Sandor Szatmari, Head of the Department of Experimental Physics, University

FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS 6th Hungarian Seminar and Exhibition on Noise Control

The Department for Noise Control of the Optical,Acoustical and FilmtechnicalSociety,Budapest/Hungary-together with the——complex Commission of Acoustics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,——Special Committee for Vibration/Noise of the Scientific Cociety ofMechanical Engineers,——Committee for Environment Protection of the Society for TransportSciences and——Working Group for Building Physics of the Scientific Sociedty for Buildingwill organize in PECS on June 7—10,1989 with international participatdion the

"Alien Race" Position about Hungarians: The Dividing Line between Eastern and Western Civilizations

In the second half of the 9th century,the Hungarians migrated to the plains of the Eastern Europe from the steppes of the Inner Asia.The earliest records about the Hungarians by the Western Europeans were mainly centralized in theFrankish sourceswhich representatively reflected the Western Europeans'initial cognition and the position of"alien race"about the Hungarians.In response to that position,the Hungarians havealso strengthened their nomadic characteristics to show intentionally or unintentionally that they are different from the Europeans,especially the Western Europeans.The position of "alien race"about the Hungarians has profoundly affected the development of the relationship between the Western Europe and Hungary since the Middle Ages in Europe,and finally prompted the"Christian Shield"Hungary to become the dividing line between the Eastern and the Western civilizations.

2019 Hungarian Youth Guangdong Culture Tour a success

The Guangdong People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries held its 2019 Hungarian Youth Guangdong Culture Tour,inviting 20 Hungarian youths to visit and study in the southern Chinese province from June 22 to July 2.