Progress of Clinical Study on Treatment of Hyperlipidemias with Acupuncture

Objective： To summarize the clinical study on acupuncture treatment of hyperlipidemia for figuring out the existing issues and guiding the future study. Methods： Obtained by searching the scientific and technological journals database with computer, the relevant literature on acupuncture treatment of hyperlipidemia in the recent ten years is summarized and analyzed. Results and Conclusion： Forty-two pieces of the articles in conformity to the criteria of recruitment mainly refer to acupuncture, moxibustion, and simultaneous application of acupuncture and moxibustion, catgut-embedding method of the acupoints, external application of herbal products on the acupoints, and acupoint-injecting method, mostly by the acupoints of the Spleen and Stomach Meridians. But, the methods to select the acupoints by pattern identification, the application of the needling techniques and design of the test plans need to be further amended.

Polyphenol components in black chokeberry(Aronia melanocarpa)as clinically proven diseases control factors——an overview

The black chokeberry is rich in polyphenols,including flavonoids with anthocyanins,flavanols and lavonols as the main components and a variety of phenolic acids represented by chlorogenic acid.Because of these polyphenols,black chokeberry has the effect of preventing and adjuvant therapy diseases.This study summarized the current research results on the types and contents of functional components in black chokeberry,and analyzed their digestion,absorption and metabolism in human body.On this basis,the disease control functions that have been proved effective in clinical research were reviewed and analyzed.These studies showed that black chokeberry have good prevention and adjuvant therapy effects on hyperlipidemia,hypertension,diabetes and inflammation.Because there are different functional components in black chokeberry,its prevention and treatment of the same disease can come from multiple pathways,which provides a more reliable effectiveness for the disease control of different populations.

Metabolic disorders and hepatitis: Insights from a Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Hepatitis is a systemic disease that often results in various comorbidities.Meta-bolic disorders,the most common comorbidities in clinical practice,were selected for this study.AIM To investigate the causal relationship between comorbidities and hepatitis trea-tment outcomes.METHODS A total of 23583378 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 1248743 cases and related summaries of genome-wide association studies were obtained from online public databases.A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)was performed to investigate causality between exposure[type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2D),hyperlipidemia,and hypertension]and outcome(chronic hepatitis B or C in-fections).RESULTS The data supported the causal relationship between comorbidities and hepatitis infections,which will affect the severity of hepatitis progression and will also provide a reference for clinical researchers.All three exposures showed a link with progression of both hepatitis B(T2D,P=0.851;hyperlipidemia,P=0.596;and hypertension,P=0.346)and hepatitis C(T2D,P=0.298;hyperlipidemia,P=0.141;and hypertension,P=0.035).CONCLUSION The results of MR support a possible causal relationship between different ex-posures(T2D,hyperlipidemia,and hypertension)and chronic hepatitis progression;however,the potential mechanisms still need to be elucidated.

When the Stars Align: Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis Is Inevitable

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory process affecting the pancreas. Hypertriglyceridemic AP (HTAP) is its third leading cause after gallstones followed by alcohol use. It develops when stars align viz. triggers (acquired surges) in patients with genetic hypertriglyceridemia. Case: severe and acute pancreatitis had developed in a 57-year-old man with type IIb familial hyperlipidemia after heavy fatty meals. The acute phase was controlled by holding oral intake with weekly Evolocumab therapy and long-term prevention by weight reduction and Fenofibrate alone. His pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions remained normal after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Those four measures were safe, practical and effective for short- and long-term management of HTAP.

The Distribution Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Objective: Hyperlipidemia is a representative nutritional metabolic disease in clinic, which is easy to induce atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with complex classification. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome aims to reflect the characteristics of diseases and is the basic principle of TCM treatment of diseases. This study aimed to summarize the distribution pattern of TCM syndromes in patients with hyperlipidemia. Methods: The frequency, characteristics and distribution of all TCM syndromes of 1012 patients with hyperlipidemia were analyzed. Results: The main disease types determined by frequency of 1012 patients included hypertriglyceridemia combined with hypo high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (19.76%), hypo high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (18.58%), hypercholesterolemia (16.50%), mixed hyperlipidemia (16.40%), and hypertriglyceridemia (15.12%). The distribution of TCM syndromes, in order of frequency, was as follows: Qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (23.52%), liver depression and spleen deficiency (9.88%), syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis (9.29%), phlegm stasis syndrome (7.41%), and syndrome of yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (6.92%). Conclusion: Qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and liver depression and spleen deficiency are the most common TCM syndromes in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Etitiological Relationship between Hyperlipidemia and Acute Pancreatitis

Hyperlipidemia is a kind of pancreatitis caused by high triglyceride levels in the blood. The morbidity and mortality of this disease continue to increase worldwide, and it has become one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases in developed countries worldwide. Although many studies have been conducted, the pathogenesis still cannot be defined. Many studies have shown that this may be related to the triglyceride decomposition products free fatty acids are the main toxic substances, which can directly damage pancreatic acinar cells and vascular endothelial cells, causing tissue ischemia and acidic environment. Therefore, this paper focuses on the correlation of triglycerides and their decomposition products in plasma and provides evidence on the pathogenesis of AP and the disease progression of AP. Finally, the future potential to prevent and treat acute pancreatitis by some new drugs to reduce plasma triglycerides is summarized.

Mechanism of Rosae Rugosae Flos flavonoids in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and optimization of extraction process based on network pharmacology

This study aims to identify a natural plant chemical with hypolipidemic effects that can be used to treat high cholesterol without adverse reactions.Through network pharmacology screening,it was found that Rosae Rugosae Flos(RF)flavonoids had potential therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia and its mechanism of action was discussed.TCMSP and GeneCards databases were used to obtain active ingredients and disease targets.Venn diagrams were drawn to illustrate the findings.The interaction network diagram was created using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.The PPI protein network was constructed using String.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using Metascape.The results revealed 2 active flavonoid ingredients and 60 potential targets in RF.The key targets,including CCL2,PPARG,and PPARA,were found to play a role in multiple pathways such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,and cancer pathway in diabetic complications.The solvent extraction method was optimized for efficient flavonoid extraction based on network pharmacology prediction results.This was achieved through a single factor and orthogonal test,resulting in an optimum process with a reflux time of 1.5 h,a solid-liquid ratio of 1:13 g/mL,and an ethanol concentration of 50%.

Optimization of extraction process for total flavonoids of Sophorae Flos for the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Sophora Flos(SF)in the treatment of hyperlipidemia(HLP)using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods,and to optimize the extraction process of the predicted active components.The STRING database was used for protein interaction analysis and PPI network construction via Cytoscape 3.9.1.Pymol was employed for docking and visualization.An extensive review of SF identifi ed 6 active ingredients,297 related objectives,84 disease objectives,and 57 total objectives.After protein interaction and topology analysis,18 core targets were identified.These included 146 gene function entries(P<0.05).Active compounds,mainly flavonoids,can modulate the expression of various proteins such as TNF,IL-6,IL-1β,PPARG,and TGFB1 to achieve therapeutic effects on HLP.The network pharmacology and molecular docking results suggested that the active fl avonoids component in SF may be related to the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Therefore,the orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the extraction process of total fl avonoid from SF using ethanol refl ux extraction,based on a single factor experiment.The effects of refl ux time,solid-liquid ratio,ethanol concentration,and other factors on the extraction of total fl avonoid from SF were investigated.The optimum process conditions were refl ux time of 1.25 h,solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/mL and ethanol concentration of 60%.Using these conditions,the purity of total fl avonoid extracted from SF was 70.33±0.22%.

Germinated brown rice relieves hyperlipidemia by alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis

Hyperlipidemia is a frequent metabolic disorder that is closely associated with diet. It is believed that brown rice, containing the outer bran layer and germ, is beneficial for the remission of hyperlipidemia. This study established a rat model of hyperlipidemia by feeding a high-fat diet. The hypolipidemic potential of germinated brown rice(Gbrown) and germinated black rice(a germinated black-pigmented brown rice, Gblack) were explored in the model rats, mainly in the aspects of blood lipids, lipases, apolipoproteins, and inflammation. The gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats receiving diverse dietary interventions was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that the intervention of Gbrown/Gblack alleviated the hyperlipidemia in rats, evidenced by decreased TC, TG, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B, and increased HDL-C, HL, LPL, LCAT, and apolipoprotein A1. Gbrown/Gblack also weakened the inflammation in hyperlipidemia rats, evidenced by decreased TNF-α, IL-6, and ET-1. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the diet of Gbrown/Gblack elevated the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in hyperlipidemia rats. At the phylum level, Gbrown/Gblack decreased Firmicutes, increased Bacteroidetes, and decreased the F/B ratio in hyperlipidemia rats. At the genus level, Gbrown/Gblack decreased Streptococcus and increased Ruminococcus and Allobaculum in hyperlipidemia rats. Some differential microbial genera relating to lipid metabolism were also determined, such as the Lachnospira and Ruminococcus in the Gblack group, and the Phascolarctobacterium, Dorea, Turicibacter, and Escherichia-Shigella in the Gbrown group. Notably, the beneficial effect of Gblack was stronger than Gbrown. To sum up, the dietary interventions of Gbrown/Gblack contributed to the remission of hyperlipidemia by alleviating the dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

Biochanin-A attenuates high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in rats by improving antioxidant status and lipid metabolic markers

Objective:To determine how biochanin-A(BCA)affects high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced pathological changes in lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetic rats were orally administered BCA(10 mg/kg body weight)for 30 days to investigate its effects on lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers in the liver and kidney.In addition,the mRNA expression of antioxidant and lipid metabolism enzymes in the liver was examined.Results:BCA attenuated hyperlipidemia by regulating mRNA expressions of HMG-CoA reductase,fatty acid synthase,carnitine palmitoyl transferase,and acetyl-CoA carboxylase.Additionally,BCA reduced high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress by suppressing lipid peroxidation,improving superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione peroxidase levels,and upregulating mRNA expressions of these enzymes.Conclusions:BCA may be a promising nutraceutical for the treatment of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress associated with diabetes.

The protective effects of Levilactobacillus brevis FZU0713 on lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats

Levilactobacillus brevis FZU0713, a potential probiotic previously isolated from the traditional brewing process of Hongqu rice wine, may have the beneficial effects on improving lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo protective effects and possible mechanism of L. brevis FZU0713 on the disturbance of lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats fed a high-fat diet(HFD). Results showed that oral administration of L. brevis FZU0713 could significantly inhibit obesity, ameliorate the lipid metabolism disorder, including serum/liver biochemical parameters and hepatic oxidative stress in HFD-fed rats. Histopathological result also indicated that dietary intervention of L. brevis FZU0713 could reduce the accumulation of lipid droplets in liver induced by 8 weeks HFD feeding. Furthermore, L. brevis FZU0713 intervention significantly increased the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs, including acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate)in HFD-fed rats, which may be closely related to the changes of intestinal microbial composition and metabolic function. Intestinal microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that L. brevis FZU0713 intervention significantly altered the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Butyricicoccus, Intestinimonas, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and UCG-014 at genus levels. Based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, serum and liver lipid metabolism related biochemical parameters were positively correlated with genera Ruminococcus, Pediococcus and Lachnospiraceae, but negatively correlated with genera Pseudoflavonifractor, Butyricicoccus and Intestinimonas. Furthermore, liver metabolomics analysis demonstrated that L. brevis FZU0713 had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in hyperlipidemic rats, especially the levels of some important biomarkers involved in the metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, fructose and mannose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, etc. Additionally, oral administration of L. brevis FZU0713 significantly regulated the mR NA levels of liver genes(including Acat2, Acox1, Hmgcr, Cd36, Srebp-1c and Cyp7a1)involved in lipid metabolism and bile acid homeostasis. In conclusion, our findings provide the evidence that L. brevis FZU0713 has the potential to improve disturbance of lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal microflora and liver metabonomic profile. Therefore, L. brevis FZU0713 may be used as a potential probiotic strain to produce functional food to prevent hyperlipidemia.

Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1077 Attenuates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating the Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolites:A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

An increasing number of studies have indicated that gut microbiota and its metabolites are crucial in the development of hyperlipidemia.Bifidobacterium longum(B.longum)CCFM1077 has been shown to have lipid-lowering effects in animals.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of B.longum CCFM1077 in lowering the lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia and investigate the effect of this bacterium on serum lipid abnormalities,gut microbiota,and fecal metabolites in these patients.This study was a six-week,randomized,double-blind,and placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial.Subjects with hyperlipidemia(N=62)were randomly assigned to receive placebo(N=31)or B.longum CCFM1077(1×1010colony-forming units(CFUs)per day;N=31).Serum lipid levels including total cholesterol(TC),lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),total triglyceride(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were examined at the baseline and interventio nal endpoints.Changes in the gut microbiota composition and diversity were measured based on 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)sequencing of the V3-V4region at the end of the intervention period.Non-targeted metabolomics of the feces was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/mass spectrometer.Oral administration of B.longum CCFM1077 for six weeks significantly decreased the serum levels of TC(p<0.01)and LDL-C(p<0.01)in patients with hyperlipidemia.B.longum CCFM1077 treatment markedly increased gut microbiota diversity and the relative abundance of anti-obesity-related genera,including Lactobacillus,Butyricicoccus,Bifidobacterium,and Blautia,whereas it decreased the relative abundance of obesity-related genera,including Alistipes,Megamonas,and Catenibacterium.Additionally,some key metabolites(bile acids(BAs),biotin,and caffeine)and their corresponding metabolic pathways(primary BA biosynthesis,and taurine and hypotaurine,biotin,purine,and caffeine metabolisms)were enriched by B.longum CCFM1077,and thus it may lower lipid levels.B.longum CCFM1077 is a probiotic strain with the potential to lower serum TC and LDL-C levels patients with hyperlipidemia.The underlying mechanism may be related to the increased abundance of anti-obesity-related genera and fecal metabolites.These findings provide a foundation for future clinical applications of lipid-lowering probiotics in managing individuals with hyperlipidemia.

Bioactive Components of Chinese Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders:Evidence and Potential Mechanisms

Disturbed cholesterol and glucose homeostasis play crucial roles in the development of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,central nervous system diseases,and cancer.An increasing number of studies have shown that excessive body fat accumulation is associated with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance in a vicious cycle.This vicious cycle promotes the occurrence and development of the aforementioned diseases.Therefore,stabilizing the blood lipids and blood glucose of patients is the predominant strategy for improving the symptoms of patients with cardiovascular,cerebrovascular,and central nervous system diseases.Traditional Chinese medicine,mainly Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),has a history of more than 2000 years in China,which has established a unique theory and accumulated a great wealth of clinical experience.Moreover,CHM has been widely used in China and other countries for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,with the advantages of preventing and curing hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,and other diseases.However,the use of CHM in Western countries remains rather limited,partly because of the incomplete understanding of multiple complex components and uncertain pharmacological mechanisms.Herein,we review and discuss the benefits,molecular mechanisms,and clinical research progress of bioactive components of CHM and their preparations as therapeutics for hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

LipoCol Forte capsules reduce the risk of liver cancer:A propensity score-matched,nationwide,population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is among the top five most common cancers globally. Lipid-lowering drugs such as statins can lower the risk of liver cancer, but may also cause liver damage. LipoCol Forte capsules(LFC), a red yeast rice product, have demonstrated significant antihypercholesterolemic effects and a good safety profile in clinical studies.AIM To evaluate whether LFC lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults in this propensity score-matched, nationwide, population-based cohort study.METHODS We used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, which includes electronic medical records for up to 99.99% of Taiwan’s population. LFC users and LFC non-users were matched 1:1 by propensity scores between January 2010 and December 2017. All had followup data for at least 1 year. Statistical analyses compared demographic distributions including sex, age, comorbidities, and prescribed medications. Cox regression analyses estimated adjusted hazard ratios(aHRs) after adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS We enrolled 33231 LFC users and 33231 non-LFC users(controls). No significant differences between the study cohorts were identified regarding comorbidities and medications [standardized mean difference(SMD) < 0.05]. At follow-up, the overall incidence of liver cancer was significantly lower in the LFC cohort compared with controls [aHR 0.91;95% confidence interval(CI): 0.86-0.95;P < 0.001]. The risk of liver cancer was significantly reduced in both females(aHR 0.87;95%CI: 0.8-0.94;P < 0.001) and males(aHR 0.93;95%CI: 0.87-0.98;P < 0.01) in the LFC cohort compared with their counterparts in the non-LFC cohort. The antitumor protective effects applied to patients with comorbidities(including hypertension, ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis B infection and hepatitis C infection). Those using LFC for more than 84 drug days had a 0.64-fold lower risk of liver cancer compared with controls(P < 0.001). Compared with controls, the risk of developing liver cancer in the LFC cohort progressively decreased over time;the lowest incidence of liver cancer occurred in LFC users followed-up for more than 6 years(27.44 vs 31.49 per 1,000 person-years;aHR 0.75;95%CI: 0.68-0.82;P < 0.001).CONCLUSION This retrospective cohort study indicates that LFC has a significantly protective effect on lowering the risk of liver cancer, in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with nephrotic syndrome:A population-based study

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a global health concern with a prevalence of about 25% amongst United States adults. Its increased prevalence is attributed to increase in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome, partly due to similar mechanisms of injury. Nephrotic syndrome(NS) is a clinical entity resulting from extensive proteinuria leading to hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema, and other complications. Given its association with hyperlipidemia, there is concern that patients with NS may be at increased risk of NAFLD.AIM To perform a cross-sectional population-based study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in patients with NS.METHODS A large multicenter database(Explorys Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States) was utilized for this retrospective cohort study. A cohort of 49700 patients with a diagnosis of “Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease” using the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms(SNOMED-CT) between 1999-2022 was identified. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, presence of NAFLD, presence of NS. There were no specific exclusion criteria. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to adjust for multiple risk factors including age, gender, Caucasian race, NS, type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Statistical analysis was conducted using R, and for all analyses, a 2-sided P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Among the 78734750 individuals screened in this database, there were a total of 49700 subjects with NAFLD. In univariate analysis, the odds of having NAFLD in patients with NS, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease were 14.84 [95% confidence interval(95%CI) 13.67-16.10], 17.05(95%CI 16.78-17.32), 6.99(95%CI 6.87-7.11), 13.61(95%CI 13.38-13.84), 19.19(95%CI 18.89-19.50), 29.09(95%CI 28.26--29.95), and 9.05(95%CI 8.88-9.22), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the odds of having NAFLD amongst patients with NS were increased to 1.85(95%Cl 1.70-2.02), while the odds were also remained high in patients that have type 2 diabetes mellitus [odds ratio(OR) 3.84], hypothyroidism(OR 1.57), obesity(OR 5.10), hyperlipidemia(OR 3.09), metabolic syndrome(OR 3.42) and chronic kidney disease(OR 1.33).CONCLUSION Patients with NS are frequently found to have NAFLD, even when adjusting for common risk factors. Hence, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion regarding presence of NAFLD in patients with NS.

The Beneficial Effect of 12-Hour Fasting, 45 Minutes Exercise Thrice Weekly and Their Combination on Weight Loss, Anthropometric Measures and Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Obesity is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. It is associated with significant increases in morbidity and mortality. Few studies have addressed, prospectively, the impact of life-style modification in weight-reduction in 1) morbidly obese patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2 and 2) on its associated co-morbid risk factors for metabolic syndrome viz. high blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis as well as psychiatric disorders. Patients and Methods: We prospectively evaluated the role of 1) two meals daily with in between 12-hour fasting, 2) thrice weekly 45-minute active-walk, and 3) their combination, in management of ambulant obese patients, at BMI of 35 to 39.9 kg/m2 who had such multiple acquired metabolic disorders. The study was conducted over 3 years with 45 patients in 3 matched groups with regards to gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, lipid profile (LDL and TG), fibroscan steatosis grade, psychiatric assessment, antidiabetic drugs and antihypertensive ones. Results: At 6 and 12 months, the 3 regimens were well tolerated and were effective in weight loss, improvement in anthropometric measures and management of metabolic syndrome yet the combined one was significantly better in all endpoints. Conclusion: Our protocols of exercise and dieting were effective measures in managing obesity and its associated co-morbidities and their combination is synergetic.

Efficacy evaluation of Shenlan oral liquid in the treatment of experimental thrombosis and hyperlipidemia

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of Shenlan oral liquid on thrombosis rats and hyperlipidemia mice.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly:the control group,the Shenlan oral liquid groups(high dosage and low dosage),and the positive control group.Rats in the control group were treated with dd water intragastriclly;in the positive control group,rats were treated intragastric with aspirin.Rats were treated with different drugs intragastric for continuous 22 d.In the hyperlipidemia experiment,mice were fed with high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia model mice,then randomly divided into five groups;the control group,the model group,the atorvastatin calcium positive control group,and the Shenlan oral liquid groups(high dosage and low dosage).The serum lipid and body weight changes of mice were observed after 6 weeks.Animals in Shenlan oral liquid high and low dosage were treated intragastric with six times and double the clinical dose.Results:After treatment,the mix blocking rate and average blocking rate of the vascular after electrical stimulation were obviously reduced in aspirin group,and Shenlan oral liquid high and low dose groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The maximum aggregation rate was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the normal coagulation function was not affected.In the treatment of hyperlipidemia,the effects of Shenlan oral liquid were measured on the total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol(total triglyceride,TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)with the hyperlipidemia mice.After 2 weeks administration,the serum TG level of Shenlan oral liquid high-dose group decreased compared with the model group.The TG level of serum in Shenlan oral liquid high-dose group significantly decreased compared with the model group from the fourth week(P<0.05).After 6 weeks administration,Shenlan oral liquid high-dose and low-dose group and positive drugs reached to the same therapeutic effect.Compared with model group,serum TG level was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Shenlan oral liquid can decrease the thrombosis formation in rats and inhibit the lipid level in blood in hyperlipidemia mice.

Mechanism of Wulan Shisanwei Decoction in Treating Hypertension Complicated with Hyperlipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology

[Objectives]To screen out the main effective components of Wulan Shisanwei Decoction in the treatment of hypertension complicated with hyperlipidemia based on the method of network pharmacology,predict the target and explore the possible mechanism.[Methods]13 components of Wulan Shisanwei Decoction were searched on the TCMSP data platform,the corresponding active components were found and the corresponding targets were searched in Pubchem database.GeneCards database was used to screen the corresponding targets of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.The core target PPI network of Wulan Shisanwei Decoction in the treatment of hypertension complicated with hyperlipidemia was constructed by processing in STRING database.The effective data were imported into Cytoscape 3.8.0 to analyze the network topology parameters,and they were screened according to the degree value greater than the average value.Finally,the relevant information about the core target of Wulan Shisanwei Decoction in the treatment of hypertension complicated with hyperlipidemia was obtained.GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out for core targets in DAVID database.The visualization map of"drug-component-target-disease"was drawn by Cytoscape 3.8.0.[Results]A total of 85 active components were obtained from Wulan Shisanwei Decoction,and there were 1532 corresponding targets.A total of 303 key targets were obtained by intersecting corresponding drug targets with disease targets.3178 biological processes were obtained by GO analysis(P<0.05)and 192 signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis(P<0.05).[Conclusions]It was predicted that the main active components of Wulan Shisanwei Decoction in the treatment of hypertension complicated with hyperlipidemia were stigmasterol,acacetin,pectolinarigenin,isorhamnetin,alizarin,quercetin,nordamnacanthal,kaempferol,luteolin,glyceollin,kushenol,t,3-methylkempferol,ellagic acid,etc.20 core targets were selected in the treatment of hypertension complicated with hyperlipidemia:SRC,STAT3,HSP90AA1,MAPK1,MAPK3,PIK3R1,HRAS,GRB2,PIK3CA,AKT1,PTPN11,ESR1,LCK,EGFR,FYN,EP300,RELA,JUN,LYN,RHOA.These targets were involved in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,proteoglycan in cancer,Ras signaling pathway,etc.to exert a response to oxidative stress,cellular response to chemical stress,peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation and peptide tyrosine modification,and can intervene in the early stage of the disease.It may be the potential mechanism of Wulan Shisanwei Decoction in the treatment of hypertension complicated with hyperlipidemia.

Exploring the mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of polyphenols in wolfberry based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

To explore the mechanism of hypolipidemic action of wolfberry polyphenols by using network pharmacology and molecular docking.The active ingredients and targets of wolfberry were searched by TCMSP,and the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software was used to construct a“wolfberry component-target”network.The Gene Cards database was used to screen the hyperlipidemic targets and intersect them with the active targets of wolfberry to construct the PPI network using the STRING platform.The gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of the core targets were carried out on the Metascape platform,and molecular docking of the active ingredients to the core targets was performed using AutoDockTools software.A total of 33 active ingredients and 173 potential targets of wolfberry were screened,including 99 targets related to hyperlipidemia.The results of the analysis of 99 intersecting targets with the components of wolfberry identified the core active ingredients as quercetin,glycitein and atropine.The binding of the major components of wolfberry,including the polyphenolic compounds quercetin and glycitein,as well as atropine to the key targets AKT1,IL6 and TNF may be important mechanisms for the hypolipidemic therapeutic effect.GO functional enrichment analysis involves biological processes,cellular components,and molecular functions.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involves the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,fluid shear stress,and TNF signaling pathway.Molecular docking validated the good binding activity of the targets to the active ingredients.The binding of atropine and the polyphenolic compounds quercetin and glycitein to the key targets AKT1,IL6 and TNF may be an important mechanism for the hypolipidemic therapeutic effect of wolfberry.

Effects of moxibustion at 46°C on blood lipids and related indicators of thoracic aortic endothelium in a hyperlipidemia rat model

Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion at different temperatures(38℃,46℃)on blood lipids,endothelial morphology of the thoracic aorta,serum endothelin-1(ET-1),calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),nitric oxide(NO),and endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)in hyperlipidemic rats.Methods:Using the random number table method,60 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into blank,model,38℃-moxibustion,and 46℃-moxibustion groups.Rats in the 3 experimental groups were fed a high-fat feed to model hyperlipidemia in rats.Rats in the 38℃-moxibustion and 46℃-moxibustion groups were moxibustion on the Shenque and bilateral Zusanli acupoints for 10 minutes each,once every other day for 4 weeks,at temperatures of 38±1℃ and 46±1℃.After that,rat blood samples were collected to detect blood lipids and ET-1,CGRP,eNOS and NO.Take the endotheal tissue of the thoracic aorta to do HE staining.Results:(1)The serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of rats in the 46℃-moxibustion group were significantly lower than those in the model and 38℃-moxibustion groups.(2)Revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,showed necrosis in the local vascular endothelial cells and mild inflammatory cell infiltration in the tunica adventitia of the hyperlipidemic rats.These endothelial morphologies did not improve significantly after moxibustion at 38℃ but did improve at 46℃.(3)Compared with the blank group,serum ET-1 was significantly higher and serum CGRP,NO,eNOS were significantly lower in the model group.Compared with the model and the 38℃-moxibustion groups,serum ET-1 was significantly lower and serum CGRP,NO,eNOS were significantly higher in 46℃-moxibustion groups.Conclusion:Moxibustion at 46℃ effectively regulated blood lipids,improved the morphology of the vascular endothelium,and protected vascular endothelial function.