This paper aimed to propose two algorithms,DA-M and RF-M,of reducing the impact of multipath interference(MPI)on intensity modulation direct detection(IM-DD)systems,particularly for four-level pulse amplitude modulati...This paper aimed to propose two algorithms,DA-M and RF-M,of reducing the impact of multipath interference(MPI)on intensity modulation direct detection(IM-DD)systems,particularly for four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)systems.DA-M reduced the fluctuation by averaging the signal in blocks,RF-M estimated MPI by subtracting the decision value of the corresponding block from the mean value of a signal block,and then generated interference-reduced samples by subtracting the interference signal from the product of the corresponding MPI estimate and then weighting factor.This paper firstly proposed to separate the signal before decision-making into multiple blocks,which significantly reduced the complexity of DA-M and RF-M.Simulation results showed that the MPI noise of 28 GBaud IMDD system under the linewidths of 1e5 Hz,1e6 Hz and 10e6 Hz can be effectively alleviated.展开更多
随着当前低轨卫星组网星座计划的日益增加,对卫星间高精度校时、测距需求也越来越迫切。提出基于直调直检IM/DD(Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection)的测距技术的实现方法,使其能同时兼顾测距精度及系统成本。基于IM/DD的测距...随着当前低轨卫星组网星座计划的日益增加,对卫星间高精度校时、测距需求也越来越迫切。提出基于直调直检IM/DD(Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection)的测距技术的实现方法,使其能同时兼顾测距精度及系统成本。基于IM/DD的测距是利用高精度的秒脉冲到达时间来测量距离。使用IM/DD光通信的数据传输方式,在正常的数据帧传输中插入少量的测距信息,无需中断正常的通信模式,也无需网络时钟频率同步,数据帧的发送周期也无需与秒脉冲保持同步关系,即可使用双向单程测距方法进行测距。使用秒脉冲对本地时钟进行频率测量,对测距过程参数进行修正,只需要采用普通晶体振荡器作为本地时钟源,不需要使用高精度测距通常所需的全网络同步时钟信号或者高稳定度时钟源,便可以达到IM/DD通信码元时间量级的测距准确度和精确度,同时降低了时频同步系统的复杂度、对元器件的要求以及整个通信测距系统的成本,解决了现有技术中测距精度及系统成本不易同时兼顾的问题。展开更多
Modulation techniques for light fidelity （Li-Fi） are reviewed in this paper. Li-Fi is the fully networked solution for nmltiple users that combines communication and illumination simultaneously. Light emitting diod...Modulation techniques for light fidelity （Li-Fi） are reviewed in this paper. Li-Fi is the fully networked solution for nmltiple users that combines communication and illumination simultaneously. Light emitting diodes （LEDs） are used in Li-Fi as visible light transmitters, therefore, only intensity modulated direct detected modulation techniques can be achieved. Single carrier modulation techniques are straightforward to be used in Li-Fi, however, computationally complex equalization processes are required in fre- quency selective Li-Fi channels. On the other hand, multiearrier modulation techniques offer a viable solution for Li-Fi in terms of power, spectral and computational efficiency. In particular, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） based modulation techniques offer a practical solution for Li-Fi, especially when direct current （DC） wander, and adaptive bit and power loading techniques are considered. Li-Fi modulation techniques need to also satisfy illumination requirements. Flickering avoidance and dimming control are considered in the variant modulation techniques presented. This paper surveys the suitable modulation techniques for Li-Fi including those which explore time, frequency and colour domains.展开更多
We propose a layered asymmetrically clipped optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(ACO-FOFDM)scheme for intensitymodulated and directdetected(IM/DD)systems. Layered ACO-FOFDM can compensate the weakne...We propose a layered asymmetrically clipped optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(ACO-FOFDM)scheme for intensitymodulated and directdetected(IM/DD)systems. Layered ACO-FOFDM can compensate the weaknessof conventional ACO-FOFDM in low spectral efficiency. For FOFDM system, the utilization of discrete cosine transform(DCT) instead of fast Fourier transform(FFT) can reduce thecomputational complexity without any influence on bit errorrate(BER) performance. At transmitter, the superposition ofmultiple layers is performed in frequency domain, and the iterative receiver is used to recover transmitted signals by subtracting the clipping noise of each layer. We compare theBER performance of the proposed layered ACO-FOFDM system and DC-offset FOFDM(DCO-FOFDM) system with optimal DCbias at the same spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that in terms of optical bit energy to noise powerratio, the layered ACO-OFDM system has 1.23 dB, 2.77 dB,3.67 dB and 0.78 dB improvement at the forward error correction(FEC) limit compared with DCO-FOFDM system whenthe spectral efficiencies are 1 bit/s/Hz, 2 bits/s/Hz, 3 bits/s/Hz and 4 bits/s/Hz. The layered ACO-FOFDM system with zero DC-bias is more suitable for adaptive system, so this system also has potential for application in IM/DD systems.展开更多
Multi-mode fiber(MMF)links are expected to greatly enhance capacity to cope with rapidly increasing data traffic in optical short-reach systems and networks.Recently,mode division multiplexing(MDM)over MMF has been pr...Multi-mode fiber(MMF)links are expected to greatly enhance capacity to cope with rapidly increasing data traffic in optical short-reach systems and networks.Recently,mode division multiplexing(MDM)over MMF has been proposed,in which different modes in MMF are utilized as spatial channels for data transmission.Stronglycoupled MDM techniques utilizing coherent detection and multiplex-input-multiplex-output(MIMO)digital signal processing(DSP)are complex and expensive for shortreach transmission.So the weakly-coupled approach by significantly suppressing mode coupling in the fiber and optical components has been proposed.In this way,the signals in each mode can be independently transmitted and received using conventional intensity modulation and direct detection(IM-DD).In this paper,we elaborate the key technologies to realize weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional MMF,including mode characteristic in MMF and weakly-coupled mode multiplexer/ demultiplexer(MUX/DEMUX).We also present the upto-date experimental results for weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional OM3 MMF.We show that weakly-coupled MDM scheme is promising for high-speed optical interconnections and bandwidth upgrade of already-deployed MMF links.展开更多
An appropriate coding method that can reduce the error rate of communication system is especially important to the free space optical communication. STBC （space-time block code） is an orthogonal encoding method inte...An appropriate coding method that can reduce the error rate of communication system is especially important to the free space optical communication. STBC （space-time block code） is an orthogonal encoding method integrating space domain and time domain. The technology can combat fading effectively and improve error rate performance. In this paper, first, an STBC fit for optical communication with intensity modulation and direct detection （IM/DD） is proposed by combining the orthogonality of the Alamouti space-time code and the QPPM modulation. Then, the error rate performance of the system is analyzed under four cases： with or without channel fading, with or without background radiation. At last, this scheme is confirmed by Monte Carlo approach. It is shown that this method not only realizes the full speed rate transmission, and can improve the error rate performance of the system effectively, but also overcomes the scintillation effect exerted by atmosphere turbulence. When the symbol error probability （SEP） is 2×10^-3, according to the 1× 1 system, the sending power of the 2×1 system is nearly reduced by 3.5 dBJ, and the 2×2 system is nearly reduced by 9 dBJ.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFB2900801the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of CIC 2021QNRC001+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC,62201033,U22A2005the Foundation of the Beijing Engineering and Technology Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services.
文摘This paper aimed to propose two algorithms,DA-M and RF-M,of reducing the impact of multipath interference(MPI)on intensity modulation direct detection(IM-DD)systems,particularly for four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)systems.DA-M reduced the fluctuation by averaging the signal in blocks,RF-M estimated MPI by subtracting the decision value of the corresponding block from the mean value of a signal block,and then generated interference-reduced samples by subtracting the interference signal from the product of the corresponding MPI estimate and then weighting factor.This paper firstly proposed to separate the signal before decision-making into multiple blocks,which significantly reduced the complexity of DA-M and RF-M.Simulation results showed that the MPI noise of 28 GBaud IMDD system under the linewidths of 1e5 Hz,1e6 Hz and 10e6 Hz can be effectively alleviated.
文摘随着当前低轨卫星组网星座计划的日益增加,对卫星间高精度校时、测距需求也越来越迫切。提出基于直调直检IM/DD(Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection)的测距技术的实现方法,使其能同时兼顾测距精度及系统成本。基于IM/DD的测距是利用高精度的秒脉冲到达时间来测量距离。使用IM/DD光通信的数据传输方式,在正常的数据帧传输中插入少量的测距信息,无需中断正常的通信模式,也无需网络时钟频率同步,数据帧的发送周期也无需与秒脉冲保持同步关系,即可使用双向单程测距方法进行测距。使用秒脉冲对本地时钟进行频率测量,对测距过程参数进行修正,只需要采用普通晶体振荡器作为本地时钟源,不需要使用高精度测距通常所需的全网络同步时钟信号或者高稳定度时钟源,便可以达到IM/DD通信码元时间量级的测距准确度和精确度,同时降低了时频同步系统的复杂度、对元器件的要求以及整个通信测距系统的成本,解决了现有技术中测距精度及系统成本不易同时兼顾的问题。
基金support by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)under Grants EP/K008757/1 and EP/M506515/1
文摘Modulation techniques for light fidelity （Li-Fi） are reviewed in this paper. Li-Fi is the fully networked solution for nmltiple users that combines communication and illumination simultaneously. Light emitting diodes （LEDs） are used in Li-Fi as visible light transmitters, therefore, only intensity modulated direct detected modulation techniques can be achieved. Single carrier modulation techniques are straightforward to be used in Li-Fi, however, computationally complex equalization processes are required in fre- quency selective Li-Fi channels. On the other hand, multiearrier modulation techniques offer a viable solution for Li-Fi in terms of power, spectral and computational efficiency. In particular, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） based modulation techniques offer a practical solution for Li-Fi, especially when direct current （DC） wander, and adaptive bit and power loading techniques are considered. Li-Fi modulation techniques need to also satisfy illumination requirements. Flickering avoidance and dimming control are considered in the variant modulation techniques presented. This paper surveys the suitable modulation techniques for Li-Fi including those which explore time, frequency and colour domains.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61427813 and 61331010in part by ZTE Industry-Academia-Research Cooperation Funds
文摘We propose a layered asymmetrically clipped optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(ACO-FOFDM)scheme for intensitymodulated and directdetected(IM/DD)systems. Layered ACO-FOFDM can compensate the weaknessof conventional ACO-FOFDM in low spectral efficiency. For FOFDM system, the utilization of discrete cosine transform(DCT) instead of fast Fourier transform(FFT) can reduce thecomputational complexity without any influence on bit errorrate(BER) performance. At transmitter, the superposition ofmultiple layers is performed in frequency domain, and the iterative receiver is used to recover transmitted signals by subtracting the clipping noise of each layer. We compare theBER performance of the proposed layered ACO-FOFDM system and DC-offset FOFDM(DCO-FOFDM) system with optimal DCbias at the same spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that in terms of optical bit energy to noise powerratio, the layered ACO-OFDM system has 1.23 dB, 2.77 dB,3.67 dB and 0.78 dB improvement at the forward error correction(FEC) limit compared with DCO-FOFDM system whenthe spectral efficiencies are 1 bit/s/Hz, 2 bits/s/Hz, 3 bits/s/Hz and 4 bits/s/Hz. The layered ACO-FOFDM system with zero DC-bias is more suitable for adaptive system, so this system also has potential for application in IM/DD systems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61771024,61627814,61505002,61690194 and 61605004)Fundamental Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Foundation(Nos.JCYJ 20170412153729436 and 20170307172513653).
文摘Multi-mode fiber(MMF)links are expected to greatly enhance capacity to cope with rapidly increasing data traffic in optical short-reach systems and networks.Recently,mode division multiplexing(MDM)over MMF has been proposed,in which different modes in MMF are utilized as spatial channels for data transmission.Stronglycoupled MDM techniques utilizing coherent detection and multiplex-input-multiplex-output(MIMO)digital signal processing(DSP)are complex and expensive for shortreach transmission.So the weakly-coupled approach by significantly suppressing mode coupling in the fiber and optical components has been proposed.In this way,the signals in each mode can be independently transmitted and received using conventional intensity modulation and direct detection(IM-DD).In this paper,we elaborate the key technologies to realize weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional MMF,including mode characteristic in MMF and weakly-coupled mode multiplexer/ demultiplexer(MUX/DEMUX).We also present the upto-date experimental results for weakly-coupled MDM transmission over conventional OM3 MMF.We show that weakly-coupled MDM scheme is promising for high-speed optical interconnections and bandwidth upgrade of already-deployed MMF links.
基金Supported by the Defence Major Laboratory Fund (Grant No. 9140C3601010701)the Science Special Fund of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 07JK332)+2 种基金the Natural Science Fund of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2007F12)the Science and Technology Project of the Communications of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2007-26)and the Fund of Excellent Doctor Degree of Xi’an University of 9 Technology (Grant No. 602-210808)
文摘An appropriate coding method that can reduce the error rate of communication system is especially important to the free space optical communication. STBC （space-time block code） is an orthogonal encoding method integrating space domain and time domain. The technology can combat fading effectively and improve error rate performance. In this paper, first, an STBC fit for optical communication with intensity modulation and direct detection （IM/DD） is proposed by combining the orthogonality of the Alamouti space-time code and the QPPM modulation. Then, the error rate performance of the system is analyzed under four cases： with or without channel fading, with or without background radiation. At last, this scheme is confirmed by Monte Carlo approach. It is shown that this method not only realizes the full speed rate transmission, and can improve the error rate performance of the system effectively, but also overcomes the scintillation effect exerted by atmosphere turbulence. When the symbol error probability （SEP） is 2×10^-3, according to the 1× 1 system, the sending power of the 2×1 system is nearly reduced by 3.5 dBJ, and the 2×2 system is nearly reduced by 9 dBJ.
