Improvement on mining the frequently visited groups of web pages was studied. First, in the data preprocessing phrase, we introduce an extra frame filtering step that reduces the negative influence of frame pages on t...Improvement on mining the frequently visited groups of web pages was studied. First, in the data preprocessing phrase, we introduce an extra frame filtering step that reduces the negative influence of frame pages on the result page groups. Through recognizing the frame pages in the site documents and constructing the frame subframe relation set, the subframe pages that influence the final mining result can be efficiently filtered. Second, we enhance the mining algorithm with the consideration of both the site topology and the content of the web pages. By the introduction of the normalized content link ratio of the web page and the group interlink degree of the page group, the enhanced algorithm concentrates more on the content pages that are less interlinked together. The experiments show that the new approach can effectively reveal more interesting page groups, which would not be found without these enhancements.展开更多
To select the best interestingness measure appropriate for evaluating the correlation between Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome elements and symptoms, 60 objective interestingness measures were selected from differen...To select the best interestingness measure appropriate for evaluating the correlation between Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome elements and symptoms, 60 objective interestingness measures were selected from different subjects. Firstly, a hypothesis for a good measure was proposed. Based on the hypothesis, an experiment was designed to evaluate the measures. The experiment was based on the clinical record database of past dynasties including 51 186 clinical cases. The selected data set in this study had 44 600 records. Cold and heat were selected as the experimental CM syndrome elements. Three indicators calculated according to the distances between two CM syndrome elements were obtained in the experiment and combined into one indicator. The Z score, φ-coefficient, and Kappa were selected from 60 measures after the experiment. The Z score and φ-coefficient were selected according to subjective interestingness. Finally, the φ-coefficient was selected as the best measure for its low The method introduced in this paper may be used in other similar territories.展开更多
The deterioration of the environment caused by climate change has been entangled with other factors to wane people’s desire for having children.This paper takes two climate short stories,The Smog Society by the Chine...The deterioration of the environment caused by climate change has been entangled with other factors to wane people’s desire for having children.This paper takes two climate short stories,The Smog Society by the Chinese SF author Chen Qiufan and Diary of an Interesting Year by the British writer Helen Simpson as case studies,comparing the writing of the climate change induced fertility anxiety in the two stories from both the individual and community perspectives.By associating the textual analysis with the social reality about fertility rate in China and Britain,the paper explores performance and coping methods of fertility anxiety in the face of climate crisis,aimed at providing possible solutions for the sustainable development of population.展开更多
This paper is aimed to develop an algorithm for extracting association rules,called Context-Based Association Rule Mining algorithm(CARM),which can be regarded as an extension of the Context-Based Positive and Negativ...This paper is aimed to develop an algorithm for extracting association rules,called Context-Based Association Rule Mining algorithm(CARM),which can be regarded as an extension of the Context-Based Positive and Negative Association Rule Mining algorithm(CBPNARM).CBPNARM was developed to extract positive and negative association rules from Spatiotemporal(space-time)data only,while the proposed algorithm can be applied to both spatial and non-spatial data.The proposed algorithm is applied to the energy dataset to classify a country’s energy development by uncovering the enthralling interdependencies between the set of variables to get positive and negative associations.Many association rules related to sustainable energy development are extracted by the proposed algorithm that needs to be pruned by some pruning technique.The context,in this paper serves as a pruning measure to extract pertinent association rules from non-spatial data.Conditional Probability Increment Ratio(CPIR)is also added in the proposed algorithm that was not used in CBPNARM.The inclusion of the context variable and CPIR resulted in fewer rules and improved robustness and ease of use.Also,the extraction of a common negative frequent itemset in CARM is different from that of CBPNARM.The rules created by the proposed algorithm are more meaningful,significant,relevant and insightful.The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with the Apriori,PNARM and CBPNARM algorithms.The results demonstrated enhanced accuracy,relevance and timeliness.展开更多
The increasing usage of internet requires a significant system for effective communication. To pro- vide an effective communication for the internet users, based on nature of their queries, shortest routing ...The increasing usage of internet requires a significant system for effective communication. To pro- vide an effective communication for the internet users, based on nature of their queries, shortest routing path is usually preferred for data forwarding. But when more number of data chooses the same path, in that case, bottleneck occurs in the traffic this leads to data loss or provides irrelevant data to the users. In this paper, a Rule Based System using Improved Apriori (RBS-IA) rule mining framework is proposed for effective monitoring of traffic occurrence over the network and control the network traffic. RBS-IA framework integrates both the traffic control and decision making system to enhance the usage of internet trendier. At first, the network traffic data are ana- lyzed and the incoming and outgoing data information is processed using apriori rule mining algorithm. After generating the set of rules, the network traffic condition is analyzed. Based on the traffic conditions, the decision rule framework is introduced which derives and assigns the set of suitable rules to the appropriate states of the network. The decision rule framework improves the effectiveness of network traffic control by updating the traffic condition states for identifying the relevant route path for packet data transmission. Experimental evaluation is conducted by extrac- ting the Dodgers loop sensor data set from UCI repository to detect the effectiveness of theproposed Rule Based System using Improved Apriori (RBS-IA) rule mining framework. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed RBS-IA rule mining framework provides significant improvement in managing the network traffic control scheme. RBS-IA rule mining framework is evaluated over the factors such as accuracy of the decision being obtained, interestingness measure and execution time.展开更多
Apriori algorithm is often used in traditional association rules mining,searching for the mode of higher frequency.Then the correlation rules are obtained by detected the correlation of the item sets,but this tends to...Apriori algorithm is often used in traditional association rules mining,searching for the mode of higher frequency.Then the correlation rules are obtained by detected the correlation of the item sets,but this tends to ignore low-support high-correlation of association rules.In view of the above problems,some scholars put forward the positive correlation coefficient based on Phi correlation to avoid the embarrassment caused by Apriori algorithm.It can dig item sets with low-support but high-correlation.Although the algorithm has pruned the search space,it is not obvious that the performance of the running time based on the big data set is reduced,and the correlation pairs can be meaningless.This paper presents an improved mining algorithm with new association rules based on interestingness for correlation pairs,using an upper bound on interestingness of the supersets to prune the search space.It greatly reduces the running time,and filters the meaningless correlation pairs according to the constraints of the redundancy.Compared with the algorithm based on the Phi correlation coefficient,the new algorithm has been significantly improved in reducing the running time,the result has pruned the redundant correlation pairs.So it improves the mining efficiency and accuracy.展开更多
The gains in analyzing death from a multiple cause perspective have been recognized for a very long time. Methods that have been adopted have sought to determine additional gains made by treating death as a multiple c...The gains in analyzing death from a multiple cause perspective have been recognized for a very long time. Methods that have been adopted have sought to determine additional gains made by treating death as a multiple cause phenomenon as compared to analysis based on a single under-lying cause. This paper shows how association rules mining methodology can be adapted to determine joint morbid causes with strong and interesting associations. Results show that some causes of death that do not appear among the leading causes show strong associations with other causes that would otherwise remain unknown without the use of association rules methodology. Overall, the study found that the leading joint pair of causes of death in South Africa was metabolic disorders and intestinal infectious diseases which accounted for 18.9 deaths per 1000 in 2008, followed by cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases which accounted for 18.3 deaths per 1000.展开更多
With the scale of programs becoming increasingly bigger, and the complexity degree higher, how to select program fragments for slicing has become an important research topic. A new type of criterion called interesting...With the scale of programs becoming increasingly bigger, and the complexity degree higher, how to select program fragments for slicing has become an important research topic. A new type of criterion called interesting index is proposed for selecting parts of procedures or procedure fragments to do program slicing. This new criterion considers not only the subjective aspects in users, namely users' emphasis on the time efficiency, storage capacity or readability, but also the objective aspect in large procedures. It also represents the benefit of the users, while displaying the many-faceted roles that program slicing plays. In this way users call proceed with program slicing to large systems or unfinished systems.展开更多
Nowadays, the connection between people becomes closer and closer. English as one of the most popular used language in the world is universally learned. English teaching thus becomes significant. Also English teachers...Nowadays, the connection between people becomes closer and closer. English as one of the most popular used language in the world is universally learned. English teaching thus becomes significant. Also English teachers play a significant role in modern society. A good teacher should rack his brain to make his lessons interesting so as to stimulate students' motivation. A teacher should choose a kind of teaching approach ,which is suitable for his students and texts and he should also show his enthusiasm to the students at class. So his students can be affected by him.展开更多
In issues 2 and 3, some interesting and popular topics are presented and they may inspire new ideas in psychiatric research. A systematic review conducted by Dr Chen and her colleagues has drawn much attention to the ...In issues 2 and 3, some interesting and popular topics are presented and they may inspire new ideas in psychiatric research. A systematic review conducted by Dr Chen and her colleagues has drawn much attention to the worldwide media, that it was positive to treat anxiety symptoms by regulating intestinal flora (RIF).展开更多
The study aims to ascertain the hypothesis on the rich rotifer biodiversity of the floodplain lakes (beels) of the Brahmaputra river basin and to use these metazoans to assess trophic status or to characterize habit...The study aims to ascertain the hypothesis on the rich rotifer biodiversity of the floodplain lakes (beels) of the Brahmaputra river basin and to use these metazoans to assess trophic status or to characterize habitat variations of wetlands. The plankton samples collected from four beels of lower Assam revealed 160 Rotifera species belonging to 35 genera and 19 families. The richness is of biodiversity value as -38.0% and -57.0% of the rotifer species known till date from India and northeast India (NEI), respectively. One species each is new to the Oriental region and NEI, and three species are new to Assam; 23 species merit global biogeography interest and several exhibit distribution values in the Indian sub-region. The diverse Lecanidae 〉 Brachionidae 〉 Lepadellidae 〉 Trichocercidae and speciose littoral-periphytic Lecane〉 Lepadella〉Trichocerca, and richness of Brachionus spp. following removal of aquatic macrophytes are noteworthy. Overall rotifer composition showed homogeneity amongst beels while lower monthly richness and community similarities affirmed heterogeneity within individual beels. We propose L/B quotient based on Lecane: Brachionus species ratios to characterize habitat variations of the sampled wetlands. Slfide^ek's B/T quotient based on Brachionus: Trichocerca species ratios affirmed general 'meso-trophic' status of different beels. Our results provided little insight on the influence of individual abiotic factors but the canonical correspondence analyses asserted higher cumulative influence of ten abiotic parameters on Rotifera richness in each beel.展开更多
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells,展开更多
Nenral Regeneration Research (NRR) is a first-class international academic journal indexed in SCI. It is supervised by the Ministry of Health, sponsored by the Chinese Assoeiation of Rehabilitation Medicine, and pub...Nenral Regeneration Research (NRR) is a first-class international academic journal indexed in SCI. It is supervised by the Ministry of Health, sponsored by the Chinese Assoeiation of Rehabilitation Medicine, and published by Science Press and the Editorial Board of NRR.展开更多
Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by
Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by the Ministry of Health, P.R. Ch...Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by the Ministry of Health, P.R. China, sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and co-edited by the Editorial Department of Neural Regeneration Research and China Science Press.展开更多
Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is a first-class international academic journal indexed in SCI. It is supervised by the Ministry of Health, sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and pub...Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is a first-class international academic journal indexed in SCI. It is supervised by the Ministry of Health, sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and published by Science Press and the Editorial Board of NRR.展开更多
Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by the Ministry of Health, P.R. Ch...Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by the Ministry of Health, P.R. China, sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and co-edited by the Editorial Department of Neural Regeneration Research and China Science Press.展开更多
文摘Improvement on mining the frequently visited groups of web pages was studied. First, in the data preprocessing phrase, we introduce an extra frame filtering step that reduces the negative influence of frame pages on the result page groups. Through recognizing the frame pages in the site documents and constructing the frame subframe relation set, the subframe pages that influence the final mining result can be efficiently filtered. Second, we enhance the mining algorithm with the consideration of both the site topology and the content of the web pages. By the introduction of the normalized content link ratio of the web page and the group interlink degree of the page group, the enhanced algorithm concentrates more on the content pages that are less interlinked together. The experiments show that the new approach can effectively reveal more interesting page groups, which would not be found without these enhancements.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30772695,No.81001500)11th Five-Year National Science Support Project of China(No.2006BA108B01-05)National Science and Technology Major Projects(No.2009ZX10005-019)
文摘To select the best interestingness measure appropriate for evaluating the correlation between Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome elements and symptoms, 60 objective interestingness measures were selected from different subjects. Firstly, a hypothesis for a good measure was proposed. Based on the hypothesis, an experiment was designed to evaluate the measures. The experiment was based on the clinical record database of past dynasties including 51 186 clinical cases. The selected data set in this study had 44 600 records. Cold and heat were selected as the experimental CM syndrome elements. Three indicators calculated according to the distances between two CM syndrome elements were obtained in the experiment and combined into one indicator. The Z score, φ-coefficient, and Kappa were selected from 60 measures after the experiment. The Z score and φ-coefficient were selected according to subjective interestingness. Finally, the φ-coefficient was selected as the best measure for its low The method introduced in this paper may be used in other similar territories.
基金This paper is a periodic achievement of the 2021 Shanghai college Students’innovation and entrepreneurship project“Cross-cultural Comparative Study of Short Climate Fictions”(Project No.SH2021148),and is supported by the scientific research project course“Research on American Climate Fictions in the 21st Century”of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology.
文摘The deterioration of the environment caused by climate change has been entangled with other factors to wane people’s desire for having children.This paper takes two climate short stories,The Smog Society by the Chinese SF author Chen Qiufan and Diary of an Interesting Year by the British writer Helen Simpson as case studies,comparing the writing of the climate change induced fertility anxiety in the two stories from both the individual and community perspectives.By associating the textual analysis with the social reality about fertility rate in China and Britain,the paper explores performance and coping methods of fertility anxiety in the face of climate crisis,aimed at providing possible solutions for the sustainable development of population.
文摘This paper is aimed to develop an algorithm for extracting association rules,called Context-Based Association Rule Mining algorithm(CARM),which can be regarded as an extension of the Context-Based Positive and Negative Association Rule Mining algorithm(CBPNARM).CBPNARM was developed to extract positive and negative association rules from Spatiotemporal(space-time)data only,while the proposed algorithm can be applied to both spatial and non-spatial data.The proposed algorithm is applied to the energy dataset to classify a country’s energy development by uncovering the enthralling interdependencies between the set of variables to get positive and negative associations.Many association rules related to sustainable energy development are extracted by the proposed algorithm that needs to be pruned by some pruning technique.The context,in this paper serves as a pruning measure to extract pertinent association rules from non-spatial data.Conditional Probability Increment Ratio(CPIR)is also added in the proposed algorithm that was not used in CBPNARM.The inclusion of the context variable and CPIR resulted in fewer rules and improved robustness and ease of use.Also,the extraction of a common negative frequent itemset in CARM is different from that of CBPNARM.The rules created by the proposed algorithm are more meaningful,significant,relevant and insightful.The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with the Apriori,PNARM and CBPNARM algorithms.The results demonstrated enhanced accuracy,relevance and timeliness.
文摘The increasing usage of internet requires a significant system for effective communication. To pro- vide an effective communication for the internet users, based on nature of their queries, shortest routing path is usually preferred for data forwarding. But when more number of data chooses the same path, in that case, bottleneck occurs in the traffic this leads to data loss or provides irrelevant data to the users. In this paper, a Rule Based System using Improved Apriori (RBS-IA) rule mining framework is proposed for effective monitoring of traffic occurrence over the network and control the network traffic. RBS-IA framework integrates both the traffic control and decision making system to enhance the usage of internet trendier. At first, the network traffic data are ana- lyzed and the incoming and outgoing data information is processed using apriori rule mining algorithm. After generating the set of rules, the network traffic condition is analyzed. Based on the traffic conditions, the decision rule framework is introduced which derives and assigns the set of suitable rules to the appropriate states of the network. The decision rule framework improves the effectiveness of network traffic control by updating the traffic condition states for identifying the relevant route path for packet data transmission. Experimental evaluation is conducted by extrac- ting the Dodgers loop sensor data set from UCI repository to detect the effectiveness of theproposed Rule Based System using Improved Apriori (RBS-IA) rule mining framework. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed RBS-IA rule mining framework provides significant improvement in managing the network traffic control scheme. RBS-IA rule mining framework is evaluated over the factors such as accuracy of the decision being obtained, interestingness measure and execution time.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61772280by the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest under Grant GYHY201306070by the Jiangsu Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students under Grant No.201810300079X.
文摘Apriori algorithm is often used in traditional association rules mining,searching for the mode of higher frequency.Then the correlation rules are obtained by detected the correlation of the item sets,but this tends to ignore low-support high-correlation of association rules.In view of the above problems,some scholars put forward the positive correlation coefficient based on Phi correlation to avoid the embarrassment caused by Apriori algorithm.It can dig item sets with low-support but high-correlation.Although the algorithm has pruned the search space,it is not obvious that the performance of the running time based on the big data set is reduced,and the correlation pairs can be meaningless.This paper presents an improved mining algorithm with new association rules based on interestingness for correlation pairs,using an upper bound on interestingness of the supersets to prune the search space.It greatly reduces the running time,and filters the meaningless correlation pairs according to the constraints of the redundancy.Compared with the algorithm based on the Phi correlation coefficient,the new algorithm has been significantly improved in reducing the running time,the result has pruned the redundant correlation pairs.So it improves the mining efficiency and accuracy.
文摘The gains in analyzing death from a multiple cause perspective have been recognized for a very long time. Methods that have been adopted have sought to determine additional gains made by treating death as a multiple cause phenomenon as compared to analysis based on a single under-lying cause. This paper shows how association rules mining methodology can be adapted to determine joint morbid causes with strong and interesting associations. Results show that some causes of death that do not appear among the leading causes show strong associations with other causes that would otherwise remain unknown without the use of association rules methodology. Overall, the study found that the leading joint pair of causes of death in South Africa was metabolic disorders and intestinal infectious diseases which accounted for 18.9 deaths per 1000 in 2008, followed by cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases which accounted for 18.3 deaths per 1000.
文摘With the scale of programs becoming increasingly bigger, and the complexity degree higher, how to select program fragments for slicing has become an important research topic. A new type of criterion called interesting index is proposed for selecting parts of procedures or procedure fragments to do program slicing. This new criterion considers not only the subjective aspects in users, namely users' emphasis on the time efficiency, storage capacity or readability, but also the objective aspect in large procedures. It also represents the benefit of the users, while displaying the many-faceted roles that program slicing plays. In this way users call proceed with program slicing to large systems or unfinished systems.
文摘Nowadays, the connection between people becomes closer and closer. English as one of the most popular used language in the world is universally learned. English teaching thus becomes significant. Also English teachers play a significant role in modern society. A good teacher should rack his brain to make his lessons interesting so as to stimulate students' motivation. A teacher should choose a kind of teaching approach ,which is suitable for his students and texts and he should also show his enthusiasm to the students at class. So his students can be affected by him.
文摘In issues 2 and 3, some interesting and popular topics are presented and they may inspire new ideas in psychiatric research. A systematic review conducted by Dr Chen and her colleagues has drawn much attention to the worldwide media, that it was positive to treat anxiety symptoms by regulating intestinal flora (RIF).
文摘The study aims to ascertain the hypothesis on the rich rotifer biodiversity of the floodplain lakes (beels) of the Brahmaputra river basin and to use these metazoans to assess trophic status or to characterize habitat variations of wetlands. The plankton samples collected from four beels of lower Assam revealed 160 Rotifera species belonging to 35 genera and 19 families. The richness is of biodiversity value as -38.0% and -57.0% of the rotifer species known till date from India and northeast India (NEI), respectively. One species each is new to the Oriental region and NEI, and three species are new to Assam; 23 species merit global biogeography interest and several exhibit distribution values in the Indian sub-region. The diverse Lecanidae 〉 Brachionidae 〉 Lepadellidae 〉 Trichocercidae and speciose littoral-periphytic Lecane〉 Lepadella〉Trichocerca, and richness of Brachionus spp. following removal of aquatic macrophytes are noteworthy. Overall rotifer composition showed homogeneity amongst beels while lower monthly richness and community similarities affirmed heterogeneity within individual beels. We propose L/B quotient based on Lecane: Brachionus species ratios to characterize habitat variations of the sampled wetlands. Slfide^ek's B/T quotient based on Brachionus: Trichocerca species ratios affirmed general 'meso-trophic' status of different beels. Our results provided little insight on the influence of individual abiotic factors but the canonical correspondence analyses asserted higher cumulative influence of ten abiotic parameters on Rotifera richness in each beel.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells,
文摘Nenral Regeneration Research (NRR) is a first-class international academic journal indexed in SCI. It is supervised by the Ministry of Health, sponsored by the Chinese Assoeiation of Rehabilitation Medicine, and published by Science Press and the Editorial Board of NRR.
文摘Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by
文摘Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by the Ministry of Health, P.R. China, sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and co-edited by the Editorial Department of Neural Regeneration Research and China Science Press.
文摘Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is a first-class international academic journal indexed in SCI. It is supervised by the Ministry of Health, sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and published by Science Press and the Editorial Board of NRR.
文摘Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is an international academic journal specialized in the field of neural regeneration research and published in English. The journal is supervised by the Ministry of Health, P.R. China, sponsored by the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, and co-edited by the Editorial Department of Neural Regeneration Research and China Science Press.