Multi-attribute decision making method for air target threat evaluation based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets

The function of the air target threat evaluation （TE） is the foundation for weapons allocation and senor resources management within the surface air defense. The multi-attribute evaluation methodology is utilized to address the issue of the TE in which the tactic features of the detected target are treated as evaluation attributes. Meanwhile, the intuitionistic fuzzy set （IFS） is employed to deal with information uncertainty in the TE process. Furthermore, on the basis of the entropy weight and inclusion-comparison probability, a hybrid TE method is developed. In order to accommodate the demands of naturalistic decision making, the proposed method allows air defense commanders to express their intuitive opinions besides incorporating into the threat features of the detected target. An illustrative example is provided to indicate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.

Conceptions of Intuition in Poincar6＇s Philosophy of Mathematics

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the identification and characterization of the various types of intuition put forward by Poincar6, taking his texts as a laboratory for looking for what intuition might be. I will stress that these diverse conceptions are mainly formulated in the context of Poincar6＇s controversies in opposition to logicism, to formalism, and in the context of Poincar6＇s very peculiar conventionalism. I will try to demonstrate that, in each case, Poincar~ comes close to a specific tradition （Kant, of course, but also Leibniz and Peirce）.

Financial Decision-Making： The Roles of Intuition, Heuristics, and Impulses

This paper will add to an evolving new paradigm for financial decision-making by exploring the important roles that intuition, heuristics, and impulses play as a bridge between how the conscious and unconscious can work together more effectively in making better decisions. Historically, the roles of financial/accounting theory and cognitive psychology have been extensively studied and documented in attempting to explain individual financial decision-making. More recently, neuroscience has made substantial contributions to learning how prospective financial decisions and outcomes affect brain activity and observed decision-making behavior. The evidence from neuroscience indicates that up to 90% of our decisions are initiated at the unconscious level, which is only beginning to be investigated in a systematic manner. Integrating these findings from multiple disciplines, including recent contributions from neuroscience, has many implications, not only with respect to personal and corporate financial decisions and how markets work, but also as an essential component in the tool box of the general decision maker.

Nature of Gravitation.The Structural Intuition of Gravitation in the Framework of Early Modern Mechanical Philosophy

As is generally known, Newton＇s notion of universal gravitation surpassed various theories of particular gravities in the early modem age, as represented mainly by Kepler and Hooke. In his seminal work Hooke and the Law of Universal Gravitation： A Reappraisal of a Reappraisal Richard S. Westfall argues that Hooke could not reach beyond the concept of spatially bounded particular gravities, as he deployed the method of analogy between the material principle of congruity and incongruity and the extension of gravitational spheres and their action at a distance. However, the doctrine of universal gravitation does not exclude the nature of particular gravities; it is predicated on the notion of an infinite expansion of individual-gravitational spheres and their uniform nature, namely the mutual and centripetal attraction. In my treatise 1 attempt to reinvestigate the nature and structure of gravitation, as established historically in the framework of Newtonian Classical Mechanics, by a method of structural intuition. It examines how the structural intuition, as represented in the celestial-mechanical intuitions of Hooke and Kepler, could unfold into an innovative process within the context of early modem mechanical philosophy, attaining thus a historical siglaificance and legitimacy as against the prevailing Newtonian method of geometric-mathematical axiomatization of mechanical principles. It also explores the actual demonstrative features of the tidal phenomenon with regard to its lunar- and solar-gravitational causation, which has been considered to date to be an important piece of empirical evidence for the theory of universal gravitation.

Second Language Learners＇ Intuitions of Grammaticality

The cornerstone and the single most fundamental change in perspective on the nature of language and language learning is, perhaps, the focus on learners as active creators in their learning process, not as passive recipients. The study aims at investigating some second language learners＇ meta-linguistic ability in solving multidimensional grammatical problems. The subjects of the present study were 40 Egyptian students who were in their fourth year of academic study in the Department of English and Literature, Faculty of Arts, Menufia University, Egypt. The instrument of this study consisted of pre-test, post-test and individual interviews. Two tasks were used： （1） ＂Sentence Completion＂ task; and （2） ＂Error Recognition and Correction＂ task. Finally, students were interviewed to explain and comment on their performance in the previous tasks. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results were obtained and conclusions were made.

Deepening the Understanding of Mathematics with Geometric Intuition

Geometric intuition is one of the core concepts introduced by the new mathematical cxirriculum standards.It aims to use intuition and intuitive materials to deepen the understanding of mathematics in mathematical cognition activities.It does not only play a role in the learning of"graphics and geometry/but its'irreplaceable role also involves the whole process of mathematics education.Therefore,if teachers can skillfully use geometric intuition in the teaching process,classroom efficiency will be greatly improved.

Ignite the Spark of Wisdom——Thinking on the Cultivation of Elementary Students’ Mathematical Intuition Thinking Ability

In the learning process of primary mathematics,intuitive thinking remains an important section for students to analyze and solve mathematical problems,which has played an irreplaceable role in enlightening and developing the underlying intellectual and non-intellectual factors of students.By analyzing and comparing the relevant theories and research results regarding mathematical intuition thinking,as well as taking into account the learning characteristics of elementary students,the author has summarized four kinds of strategies suitable for training the mathematical intuition thinking ability of elementary students.

Graphics Innovation Design Based on Cell Intuition Simulation Method

This paper proposes a new cell intuition simulation method which is a combination of intuitive simulation calculation method and the operation of binary image, and applied it in the innovation of the graphic design process. First of all, we study how to express a variety of graphics, and establish the definition of cell intuitive model, work out the cell intuitive operation process and many new cellular operators such as a variety of matrix blocks crossover operator, a variety of matrix blocks mutation operator, matrix blocks replace operator, matrix blocks compression operator, matrix blocks extension operator. By choosing two or more cells and selecting the artificial selection or fitness selection, we can set up and visualize the design and pick the best design results .Finally, validation is made on this algorithm by an example, and a innovation graphic is also represented.

SYSTEMS INTUITION:ORIENTAL SYSTEMS THINKING STYLE

This paper put forward the concept of systems intuition. In the paper, features of intuitivethinking are described at first. Then the origins of Oriental intuitive thinking from the ancient Chinesephilosophy are explored. Finally put the focus on new concepts: systems intuition and collectivesystems intuition as well as the relation between intuition and tacit knowledge.

Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Glaucoma from Retinal Images Using Deep Learning

The intuitive fuzzy set has found important application in decision-making and machine learning.To enrich and utilize the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and developed a deep neural network-based glaucoma eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the domain where the retinal images converge.Retinal image detections are categorized as normal eye recognition,suspected glaucomatous eye recognition,and glaucomatous eye recognition.Fuzzy degrees associated with weighted values are calculated to determine the level of concentration between the fuzzy partition and the retinal images.The proposed model was used to diagnose glaucoma using retinal images and involved utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and deep learning to identify the fuzzy weighted regularization between images.This methodology was used to clarify the input images and make them adequate for the process of glaucoma detection.The objective of this study was to propose a novel approach to the early diagnosis of glaucoma using the Fuzzy Expert System(FES)and Fuzzy differential equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the images and their respective peak levels were determined.Once the peak regions were identified,the recurrence relationships among those peaks were then measured.Image partitioning was done due to varying degrees of similar and dissimilar concentrations in the image.Similar and dissimilar concentration levels and spatial frequency generated a threshold image from the combined fuzzy matrix and FDE.This distinguished between a normal and abnormal eye condition,thus detecting patients with glaucomatous eyes.

Is Intuition Necessary for Defending Platonism？

Godel asserts that his philosophy falls under the category of conceptual realism. This paper gives a general picture of GOdel＇s conceptual realism＇s basic doctrines, and gives a way to understand conceptual realism in the background of Leibniz＇s and Kant＇s philosophies. Among philosophers of mathematics, there is a widespread view that Platonism encounters an epistemological difficulty because we do not have sensations of abstract objects. In his writings, Grdel asserts that we have mathematical intuitions of mathematical objects. Some philosophers do not think it is necessary to resort to intuition to defend Platonism, and other philosophers think that the arguments resorting to intuition are too naive to be convincing. I argue that the epistemic difficulty is not particular to Platonism; when faced with skepticism, physicalists also need to give an answer concerning the relationship between our experience and reality. Grdel and Kant both think that sensations or combinations of sensations are not ideas of physical objects, but that, to form ideas of physical objects, concepts must be added. However, unlike Kant, Grdel thinks that concepts are not subjective but independent of our minds. Based on my analysis of Grdel＇s conceptual realism, I give an answer to the question in the title and show that arguments resorting to intuition are far from naive, despite what some philosophers have claimed.

论康德伦理学中的直觉主义

康德伦理学通常被认为是以理性推理为根本特征,道德规范需要建立在以意志自由为基础的实践理性的程序化过程中。为此,以非推理与非反思为特点的直觉主义则往往被认为是与其格格不入的,这种看法有待进一步澄清。如果将直觉主义划分为理性主义和情感主义两种基本形式,那么二者同时蕴含于康德的道德理论中。康德或明或暗地承认直觉在道德判断中具有重要甚至是根本性的作用,而这并不会与他的理性主义基本立场发生真正的冲突。

What is Mind,What is Consciousness,and Where This Resides

The main purpose of this paper is to respond to the questions what is mind and consciousness and where this resides.The answers are based on the frontline Informational Model of Human Body and Living Structures(IMHBLS),which shows that mind and consciousness can be described by the activity of the Informational System of the Human Body and Living Structures(ISHBLS),consisting of seven informational components,each of them with specific activity and functions,inter-correlated to support the immaterial/informational manifestation of the body expressed by mind and consciousness.The basic concept of matter-related and virtual information results as a consequence of the operability of the physics,chemistry,biologic,or mathematics laws,which actually act as informational operators,such processes are informationally driven and manifested finally as a“media-like functions”of mind and consciousness,on the“screen/display”of prefrontal cortex.The mind is therefore described as the capacity of every individual to access the data field of own life experience,where the thought acts as an informational operator,which can activate the required information from internal/external reality.Consciousness is the result of the info-representation of the explored reality,accumulated by the momentary connection,and compared/combined with the life experience,serving as judgment reference/criteria.The question is discussed in relation with the localization of consciousness,showing that this resides in the brain,as a result of the activity of ISHBLS.The discussion on the experimental evidences concerning the minimal basic components necessary and sufficient to sustain consciousness,compared with the results of the informational model,indicates the cortico-thalamus axis,in a full agreement each other.One of the basic findings is that the activation of consciousness is operated in two steps,one consisting in a feed-forward reception and another in feedback perception for recognition of the info-significance,which is fully supported by the recently reported experimental results.The phenomena of intuition,inspiration,premonition,“deja vue”,retrocausality,and intentionality are discussed.This model unifies the eastern and western concepts/models on consciousness and mind,explaining the energetic Yung/Yin Chinese model by YES/NO-informational Bit-type behavior,the Plato’s ideas/forms by“information”concept as a participating component of reality,Aristotle’s materialist view with matter structuration(assisted by information),and archaic model of the seven“chakras”at human,as vital informational centers connected with the body.

Multi-Topology Hierarchical Collaborative Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for WSN

Wireless sensor networks(WSN)are widely used in many situations,but the disordered and random deployment mode will waste a lot of sensor resources.This paper proposes a multi-topology hierarchical collaborative particle swarm optimization(MHCHPSO)to optimize sensor deployment location and improve the coverage of WSN.MHCHPSO divides the population into three types topology:diversity topology for global exploration,fast convergence topology for local development,and collaboration topology for exploration and development.All topologies are optimized in parallel to overcome the precocious convergence of PSO.This paper compares with various heuristic algorithms at CEC 2013,CEC 2015,and CEC 2017.The experimental results show that MHCHPSO outperforms the comparison algorithms.In addition,MHCHPSO is applied to the WSN localization optimization,and the experimental results confirm the optimization ability of MHCHPSO in practical engineering problems.

道德直觉主义的当代复兴

道德直觉主义是英伦道德哲学中的重要学说。该学说起源于18世纪,曾经颇具影响力,然而在20世纪中叶以后由盛转衰,直至20世纪末又逐渐迎来一定程度的复兴。从学术思想史角度回顾和分析古典道德直觉主义由盛至衰的思想根源,辨明其遭遇的学理上的困境和挑战,探讨道德直觉主义在当代迎来复兴的缘由,总结其主要内容和特征,剖析可能面临的新挑战,并展望未来的发展,有助于为理解当代道德哲学的发展轨迹和走向提供独特且重要的视角。

意识是物质的反映吗?

有一种理论,叫做反映论。其观点有：＂意识是客观物质世界的反映＂;＂没有被反映着,就不可能有反映。＂＂没有客观存在的事物,就不能有客观事物的映象。＂在这里,铿锵作响的字眼是：＂客观事物＂、＂客观存在＂、＂客观物质世界＂。这种哲学是对得起＂客观＂,却太轻看主观了,可是,此哲学之言者就是主观地说着。殊不知,过分地强调客观之时,就表现了一种强烈的主观,两者相伴而行,想把主观甩开都做不到;正如强烈的主观表现,也演绎了一种客观现象。我们来分析一下,这种反映论,大约也是对这种＂反映论＂的一种反映吧。

试论邓小平新时期教育思想的突出贡献

十一届三中全会以后，邓小平同志准确把握时代脉搏，拨乱反正，抓住教育的根本问题，逐步形成和确立了我国新时期的教育思想。在邓小平教育思想的指引下，我国的教育取得了显著成绩，并正以前所未有的“改革与发展”的步伐迈向新世纪。本文试就邓小平新时期教育思想的突出...

无穷观问题的研究(I)——历史的回顾与思考

本组系列论文 (I)～ (V)从数学和认识论的角度系统地研究了无穷观问题的历史发展和现状 ,确立了无穷观背景世界的三分法原则 ,指出了两种无穷观相互排斥的局限性 ,形成了统一两种无穷于同一框架中的基本观点 ,并建立了一个统一实无限与潜无限于同一框架中的公理集合论系统

无穷观问题的研究(Ⅱ)—从Hausdorff的直觉和Poincaré的名言到Brouwer剧场现象

本组系列论文 ( )～ ( )从数学和认识论的角度系统地研究了无穷观问题的历史发展和现状 ,确立了无穷观背景世界的三分法原则 ,指出了两种无穷观相互排斥的局限性 ,形成了统一两种无穷于同一框架中的基本观点 ,并建立了一个统一实无限与潜无限于同一框架中的公理集合论系统 APAS。

无穷观问题的研究(Ⅲ)——‘每一’与‘所有’

本组系列论文 ( )～ ( )从数学和认识论的角度系统地研究了无穷观问题的历史发展和现状 ,确立了无穷观背景世界的三分法原则 ,指出了两种无穷观相互排斥的局限性 ,形成了统一两种无穷于同一框架中的基本观点 ,并建立了一个统一实无限与潜无限于同一框架中的公理集合论系统 APAS。