Observation of HⅠaround three Satellite Galaxies of M31 with FAST:AndromedaⅡ,NGC 205,and NGC 185

With the exceptional sensitivity of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,we conducted observations of the neutral hydrogen(HⅠ)in the circumgalactic medium of Andromeda’s(M31)satellite galaxies,specifically AndromedaⅡ,NGC 205,and NGC 185.Initially,three drift scans were executed for these satellites,with a detection limit of 4×10^(18)cm^(-2)(approximately 1.88×10^(3)M_Θof HⅠmass),followed by a more in-depth scan of a specific region.We discovered a C-shaped HⅠarc structure sharing a position and line-of-sight velocity similar to a stellar ring structure around AndromedaⅡ,hinting at a potential connection with AndromedaⅡ.In the context of NGC 205,we identified two mass concentrations in the northeast direction,which could be indicative of tidal streams resulting from the interaction between this galaxy and M31.These new lumps discovered could be very helpful in solving the missing interstellar medium problem for NGC 205.Observations regarding NGC 185are consistent with previous studies,and we did not detect any additional HⅠmaterial around this galaxy.These observational results enhance our understanding of the evolution of these satellite galaxies and provide insight into their historical interactions with the galaxy M31.

A Dark Matter Theory by Quantum Gravitation for Galaxies and Clusters

This paper develops an original theory of dark matter in the current ΛCDM framework, whose main hypothesis is that DM is generated by the own gravitational field, according to an unknown quantum gravitational phenomenon. This work is the best version of the theory, which I have been developing and publishing since 2014. The hypothesis of DM by quantum gravitation, DMbQG hereafter, has two main consequences: the first one is that the law of DM generation has to be the same, in the halo region, for all the galaxies and the second one is that the haloes are unbounded, so the total DM goes up without limit as the gravitational field is unbounded as well. The first one consequence is backed by the fact that M31 and MW has a fitted function with the same power exponent for the rotation curve at the halo region and both giant galaxies are the only ones whose rotation curves at the halo region may be studied with accuracy. This paper is firstly developed all the theory with M31 rotation curve data up to Chapter 9. The most important formula of the theory is the called Direct mass, which calculates the total mass at a specific radius into the halo region. Chapter 10 is dedicated to apply the theory to Milky Way, it is calculated its total mass at different radius into the halo and such results have been validated successfully using the data of masses at different radius published by two researcher teams. In Chapter 11, it is calculated the direct mass for the Local Group, and it is shown how the DMbQG theory is able to calculate the total mass at 770 kpc, that the dynamical methods estimate to be 5×1012MΘ. In Chapter 12, it is shown a method to estimate the Direct mass formula for a cluster of galaxies, using only its virial mass and virial radius. By this method, it is estimated the parameter a2 of the Local Group, which match with the one calculated in previous chapter by a different method. Also are calculated the parameters a2 associated to Virgo and Coma clusters. In Chapter 13, it is demonstrated how the DE is able to counterbalance the DM at cluster scale, as the Direct mass grows up with the square root of radius whereas the DE grows up with the cubic power. The chapter is an introduction to the DMbQG theory for cluster of galaxies, which has been developed fully by the author in other works. This theory aims to be a powerful method to study DM in the halo region of galaxies and cluster of galaxies and conversely the measures in galaxies and clusters offer the possibility to validate the theory.

Winding sense of galaxies around the local supercluster

We present an analysis of the winding sense（S and Z-shapes） of 1 621 field galaxies that have radial velocity between 3 000 km s-1 and 5 000 km s-1.The preferred alignments of S-and Z-shaped galaxies are studied using chi-square,autocorrelation and Fourier series tests.We classify all the galaxies into 32 subsamples and notice a good agreement between the position angle（PA） distribution of the S-and Zshaped galaxies.The homogeneous distribution of the S-and Z-shaped galaxies is more noticeable for the late-type spirals（Sc,Scd,Sd and Sm） than for the early-types（Sa,Sab,Sb and Sbc） .A significant dominance of S-mode galaxies is apparent in the barred spirals.A random alignment is evident in the PA-distribution of Z-and S-mode spirals.In addition,a homogeneous distribution of the S-and Z-shaped galaxies is found to be invariant under global expansion.The PA-distribution of the total S-mode galaxies is found to be random,whereas a preferred alignment is clear for all the Zmode galaxies.It is found that the galactic planes of Z-mode galaxies tend to lie in the equatorial plane.

Probing satellite galaxies in the Local Group by using FAST

The abundance of neutral hydrogen（HI）in satellite galaxies in the local group is important for studying the formation history of our local group.In this work,we generated mock HI satellite galaxies in the Local Group using the high mass-resolution hydrodynamic APOSTLE simulation.The simulated HI mass function agrees with the ALFALFA survey very well above 10~6M_⊙,although there is a discrepancy below this scale because of the observed flux limit.After carefully checking various systematic elements in the observations,including fitting of line width,sky coverage,integration time and frequency drift due to uncertainty in a galaxy’s distance,we predicted the abundance of HI in galaxies in a future survey that will be conducted by FAST.FAST has a larger aperture and higher sensitivity than the Arecibo telescope.We found that the HI mass function could be estimated well around 10~5M_⊙ if the integration time is 40 minutes.Our results indicate that there are 61 HI satellites in the Local Group and 36 in the FAST field above 10~5M_⊙.This estimation is one order of magnitude better than the current data,and will put a strong constraint on the formation history of the Local Group.Also more high resolution simulated samples are needed to achieve this target.

Screening Breakdown for Finite-Range Gravitational Field and the Motion of Galaxies in the Local Group

The lack of Birkhoff theorem in finite-range gravitation reveals nonzero acceleration of the test body inside the massive spherical shell, as well as breakdown of screening inside the charged conductor gives rise to acceleration of the test charge. An application of this effect to the motion of galaxies in Local Group allows to constraint quintessence parameter in some massive gravitational theories.

宇宙学模拟中出现本星系群卫星星系对的概率

为检验星系或宇宙学模型,使用近邻宇宙观测提供的暗物质晕中卫星星系相空间分布的独特数据,从卫星星系对的角度,研究宇宙学模拟和观测结果的相似性.在结合星系半解析模型的宇宙学模拟数据中,分别选择类银河系系统和类仙女座星系系统作为研究样本,采用与前人研究相似的相空间判据在较大的样本中计算其中卫星星系成对的比例,得到模拟中出现卫星星系对的概率远小于观测的结果.此结果与已有研究结果基本一致,对类仙女座星系样本使用与观测更相符的投影速度判据可以部分缓解模拟与观测的差别.此外,模拟中位置和速度不确定性较大的一类星系(孤儿星系,即无对应暗物质子结构的星系)对上述结果没有显著影响.

The Radcliffe Wave Parameters from Data on Open Star Clusters

A spectral analysis of the vertical positions and velocities of 374 open star clusters(OSCs)was carried out.We took these OSCs from the Hunt and Reffert catalog;they have an average age of about 10 million years,and are located on the galactic plane XY in a narrow zone inclined by 25°to the galactic axis Y.The following estimates of the parameters of the Radcliffe wave were obtained:(a)the maximum value in periodic perturbations of vertical coordinates Z_(max)=92±10pc with the wavelength of these perturbations λ_(z)=4.82±0.09 kpc;(b)the maximum value of the velocity of vertical disturbances Wmax=4.36±0.12km s^(-1) with disturbance wavelengthλ_(W)=1.78±0.02 kpc.Note that the results of the vertical velocity analysis are first-class in accuracy and completely new.

利用N体模拟研究银河系与仙女座星系的并合

银河系的邻居仙女座星系(M31)是本星系群中恒星质量最大的成员。观测表明,M31正与银河系相互接近,且两者极有可能在未来发生并合。N体模拟作为研究星系并合的有力工具,在过去半个世纪内取得了长足的发展,也在有关银河系与M31并合的定量研究中发挥了巨大的作用。随着星系结构理论的丰富、观测水平的提高以及N体模拟软件技术的成熟,银河系与M31并合的图像也越来越清晰与完善。简要介绍了银河系与仙女座星系并合模拟研究的工作流程,回顾了各步骤所用到的理论模型或软件条件于近几十年内取得的发展,选取各阶段代表性模拟结果进行比较;最后给出了未来的研究趋势与改进方向。

本超星系团中场星系旋转矢量分布的统计检验

运用 χ2 统计检验法和 Kolmogorov- Smirnov统计检验法对本超星系团中场星系的旋转矢量分布进行了细致的统计研究 ,发现这些场星系的旋转矢量分布呈现显著的非各向同性特征 ,而且与场星系的形态密切相关 .这预示着不同形态的星系可能有不同的大尺度起源 .统计样本是从北天亮星系测光星表中严格筛选出来的 2 2 0颗孤立的场星系 .重点介绍了这两种统计检验方法在星系旋转矢量分布研究中的应用 ,并对该研究领域中广为采用的 χ2 统计检验法的局限性进行了讨论 .

本星系群动力学质量之估测

本星系群的动力学质量M_(LG)可以通过多种途径来进行估测,如计时质量法、零速度面法、位力质量法等,对之做了简要的说明,并且介绍了河外星系自行测定在相关研究中的重要性及其现状。对现有测定值进行了分析和讨论,结果表明,目前所知本星系群之动力学质量的合理估值可取为M_(LG)=(2.73±0.44)×10^(12)M_⊙。

银河系PK仙女星系

银河系位于一个较小的星系团——本星系群——之内。在本星系群中,银河系和仙女星系可算是两个质量最大的成员星系。长期以来,人们普遍认为仙女星系是本星系群中的"老大",银河系只是"老二",科普文章、甚至基础性专业教科书中都会这么说。然而,实际情况远不是那么简单。

The LAMOST spectroscopic survey of globular clusters in M31and M33.I.catalog and new identifications

We present a catalog of 908 objects observed with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） in fields in the vicinity of M31 and M33, targeted as globular clusters（GCs） and candidates. The targets include known GCs and candidates selected from the literature, as well as new candidates selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey（SDSS）. Analysis shows that 356 of them are likely GCs with various confidence levels, while the remaining ones turn out to be background galaxies and quasars, stars and H II regions in M31 or foreground Galactic stars. The 356 likely GCs include 298 bona fide GCs and 26 candidates known in the literature. Three candidates, selected from the Revised Bologna Catalog of M31 GCs and candidates（RBC） and one possible cluster from Johnson et al., are confirmed to be bona fide clusters. We search for new GCs in the halo of the M31 among the new candidates selected from the SDSS photometry. Based on radial velocities yielded by LAMOST spectra and visual examination of the SDSS images, we find 28 objects, 5bona fide and 23 likely GCs. Among the five bona fide GCs, three have been recently discovered independently by others, and the remaining 25 are our new identifications,including two bona fide ones. The newly identified objects fall at projected distances ranging from 13 to 265 kpc from M31. Of the two newly discovered bona fide GCs,one is located near M33, probably a GC belonging to M33. The other bona fide GC falls on the Giant Stream with a projected distance of 78 kpc from M31. Of the 23 newly identified likely GCs, one has a projected distance of about 265 kpc from M31 and could be an intergalactic cluster.

Subhalo Abundance and Satellite Spatial Distribution in Milky Way-Andromeda-like Paired Haloes

We study the subhalo and satellite populations in haloes similar to the Milky Way(MW)-Andromeda paired configuration in the Millennium II and P-Millennium simulations.We find subhaloes are 5%–15%more abundant in paired haloes than their isolated counterparts that have the same halo mass and large-scale environmental density.Paired haloes tend to reside in a more isotropic environment than isolated haloes,the shear tensor of their large-scale tidal field is possibly responsible for this difference.We also study the thickness of the spatial distribution of the top 11 most massive satellite galaxies obtained in the semi-analytic galaxy sample constructed from the Millennium II simulation.Moreover,satellites that have lost their host subhaloes due to the resolution limit of the simulation have been taken into account.As a result,we find that the difference in the distribution of the satellite thickness between isolated and paired haloes is indistinguishable,which suggests that the paired configuration is not responsible for the observed plane of satellites in the MW.The results in this study indicate the paired configuration could bring some nonnegligible effect on the subhalo abundance in the investigation of the MW's satellite problems.

利用Galaxy与高性能计算集群构建本地化一站式生物信息学平台

目的构建本地化的高性能一站式数据分析平台,为生物医学研究的相关科研人员提供便捷高效的计算分析服务。方法将Galaxy软件部署在计算集群上,集成工具软件和数据集;利用分布式资源管理应用接口(DRMAA)实现与Sun Grid Engine的协同运作,自动调度和分配计算资源;并在集群上构建稳定的Web服务、FTP服务和管理数据库。结果该平台已投入试运行并在不断完善,峰值计算能力达到每秒10万亿次,存储容量为40TB,提供序列比对、短串映射、基因注释、转录组分析、宏基因组分析及进化分析等多种功能,以及容量约为700 GB的人类基因组、病毒、细菌、真菌等参考数据库。结论该平台具备大规模数据分析的能力,能够解决高通量测序所带来的海量生物数据的存储与处理等问题。与在普通服务器上进行数据分析相比,该平台的计算集群能极大地加快数据处理过程,提高研究效率。

A method of searching for supernova candidates from massive galaxy spectra

This paper presents a novel spectroscopic method for searching for supernova candidates from massive galaxy spectra,which is expected to be applied to the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST).This method includes mainly five steps.The first step is spectral preprocessing,including removing spectral noise using wavelet transform,spectral de-redshift,etc.The second step is decomposition of galactic spectra;we can get the galaxy component and supernova component and calculate the Supernova Statistical Characterization Vector (SNSCV) of each galaxy spectrum.The third step is to decrease samples in all the galaxy spectral datasets according to SNSCV of each spectrum,and to use the LOF (Local Outlier Factor)-based outlier detection algorithm to obtain the preliminary selected spectral data.The fourth step is template matching by cross-correlation,according to the matched results we get the secondary selected spectral data.Finally,we choose the final supernova candidates manually through checking the spectral features characteristic of a supernova.By the spectroscopic method proposed in this paper,thirty-six supernova candidates have been detected in a dataset including 294843 galaxy spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7.Nine of these objects are detected first and the other twenty-seven have been reported in other publications (fifteen of which are detected and reported first by us).The twenty-four new super-nova candidates include twenty Ia type supernova candidates,three Ic type supernova candidates and one II type supernova candidate.