Sedimentary build-ups of pre-salt isolated carbonate platforms and formation of deep-water giant oil fields in Santos Basin,Brazil

In response to the problems of unclear distribution of deep-water pre-salt carbonate reservoirs and formation conditions of large oil fields in the Santos passive continental margin basin,based on comprehensive utilization of geological,seismic,and core data,and reconstruction of Early Cretaceous prototype basin and lithofacies paleogeography,it is proposed for the first time that the construction of pre-salt carbonate build-ups was controlled by two types of isolated platforms:inter-depression fault-uplift and intra-depression fault-high.The inter-depression fault-uplift isolated platforms are distributed on the present-day pre-salt uplifted zones between depressions,and are built on half-and fault-horst blocks that were inherited and developed in the early intra-continental and inter-continental rift stages.The late intra-continental rift coquinas of the ITP Formation and the early inter-continental rift microbial limestones of the BVE Formation are continuously constructed;intra-depression fault-high isolated platforms are distributed in the current pre-salt depression zones,built on the uplifted zones formed by volcanic rock build-ups in the early prototype stage of intra-continental rifts,and only the BVE microbial limestones are developed.Both types of limestones formed into mound-shoal bodies,that have the characteristics of large reservoir thickness and good physical properties.Based on the dissection of large pre-salt oil fields discovered in the Santos Basin,it has been found that both types of platforms could form large-scale combined structural-stratigraphic traps,surrounded by high-quality lacustrine and lagoon source rocks at the periphery,and efficiently sealed by thick high-quality evaporite rocks above,forming the optimal combination of source,reservoir and cap in the form of“lower generation,middle storage,and upper cap”,with a high degree of oil and gas enrichment.It has been found that the large oil fields are all bottom water massive oil fields with a unified pressure system,and they are all filled to the spill-point.The future exploration is recommended to focus on the inter-depression fault-uplift isolated platforms in the western uplift zone and the southern section of eastern uplift zones,as well as intra-depression fault-high isolated platforms in the central depression zone.The result not only provides an important basis for the advanced selection of potential play fairways,bidding of new blocks,and deployment of awarded exploration blocks in the Santos Basin,but also provides a reference for the global selection of deep-water exploration blocks in passive continental margin basins.

Study on the Influence of Aspect Ratio on the Seismic Response and Overturning Resistance of a New Staggered Story Isolated Structure

The aspect ratio of the structure has a significant impact on the overall stability of the ultra high-rise building. A large aspect ratio of the structure increases the risk of overturning and reduces the lateral stiffness of the structure, leading to significant tensile and compressive stresses in the isolated bearings. To study the effect of aspect ratio on the seismic response and overturning resistance of a new staggered story isolated structure, three models with different aspect ratios were established. Nonlinear time-history analysis of the three models was conducted using ETABS finite element software. The results indicate that the overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure increase with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the increase in the overturning moment of the superstructure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance moment, resulting in a decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the substructure in the new staggered story isolated structure decrease with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the decrease in the overturning moment of the substructure is greater than the decrease in the overturning resistance moment, leading to an increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure. Therefore, as the aspect ratio of the overall structure increases, the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure and the entire structure decreases.

Isolated deep convections over the Tibetan Plateau in the rainy season during 2001–2020

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is a prevalent region for convection systems due to its unique thermodynamic forcing.This study investigated isolated deep convections(IDCs),which have a smaller spatial and temporal size than mesoscale convective systems(MCSs),over the TP in the rainy season(June-September)during 2001–2020.The authors used satellite precipitation and brightness temperature observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission.Results show that IDCs mainly concentrate over the southern TP.The IDC number per rainy season decreases from around 140 over the southern TP to around 10 over the northern TP,with an average 54.2.The initiation time of IDCs exhibits an obvious diurnal cycle,with the peak at 1400–1500 LST and the valley at 0900–1000 LST.Most IDCs last less than five hours and more than half appear for only one hour.IDCs generally have a cold cloud area of 7422.9 km^(2),containing a precipitation area of approximately 65%.The larger the IDC,the larger the fraction of intense precipitation it contains.IDCs contribute approximately 20%–30%to total precipitation and approximately 30%–40%to extreme precipitation over the TP,with a larger percentage in July and August than in June and September.In terms of spatial distribution,IDCs contribute more to both total precipitation and extreme precipitation over the TP compared to the surrounding plain regions.IDCs over the TP account for a larger fraction than MCSs,indicating the important role of IDCs over the region.

Seismic response of a mid-story isolated structure considering SSI in mountainous areas under long-period earthquakes

At present,there is not much research on mid-story isolated structures in mountainous areas.In this study,a model of a mid-story isolated structure considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)in mountainous areas is established along with a model that does not consider SSI.Eight long-period earthquake waves and two ordinary earthquake waves are selected as inputs for the dynamic time history analysis of the structure.The results show that the seismic response of a mid-story isolated structure considering SSI in mountainous areas can be amplified when compared with a structure that does not consider SSI.The structure response under long-period earthquakes is larger than that of ordinary earthquakes.The structure response under far-field harmonic-like earthquakes is larger than that of near-fault pulse-type earthquakes.The structure response under near-fault pulse-type earthquakes is larger than that of far-field non-harmonic earthquakes.When subjected to long-period earthquakes,the displacement of the isolated bearings exceeded the limit value,which led to instability and overturning of the structure.The structure with dampers in the isolated story could adequately control the nonlinear response of the structure,effectively reduce the displacement of the isolated bearings,and provide a convenient,efficient and economic method not only for new construction but also to retrofit existing structures.

Large isolated fibrous tumors in the upper esophagus: A case report

BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumors(SFT)are rare spindle cell tumors that are usually benign.A total of 10 cases of SFTs in the upper esophagus have ever been reported.Here,we report the anesthetic management of a patient with a large isolated fibrous tumor of the upper esophagus compressing the tracheal membrane.We also provide a literature review of the current research.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 49 year old male with“cough aggravation and wheezing after exercise”,who underwent esophagectomy for a large isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus.We advise the use of a single-lumen tube with a blocker in patients with difficult airways to reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at all stages of the perioperative period to guide airway management.This case study is the first report of the anesthetic management of a large,isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus.CONCLUSION This rare case emphasizes the importance of perioperative management of anesthesia in patients with large isolated fibrous tumors of the upper esophagus that compress the tracheal membrane.The use of blocker reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at the perioperative period to guide airway mana-gement.

Traumatic isolated bilateral gluteus minimus injuries misdiagnosed as lumbar radiculopathy:A case report

BACKGROUND The tear of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons can cause chronic buttock pain,especially in middle-aged individuals;these tears occur mostly in association with degenerative changes in the muscles and tendons.Chronic injuries are more common than acute injuries,and concurrent injuries to the gluteus medius and minimus tendons without chronic pain are rare,especially isolated injuries to both sides of the gluteus minimus;such a case has not yet been reported.CASE SUMMARY The authors present a case of bilateral acute traumatic injuries to the gluteus minimus during buttock strengthening exercises in a 75-year-old male patient.The patient completely returned to his pre-injury lifestyle after 8 weeks of injury,with no limitations,but the diagnosis was initially delayed due to misdiagnosis as lumbar radiculopathy,resulting in unnecessary socio-economic burden on the patient.CONCLUSION When treating patients who complain of hip pain,it is important to consider various causes to make a correct diagnosis.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatment of isolated gastric varices entwined with arteries:A case report

BACKGROUND Interventional endoscopic ultrasound is clinically used for the treatment of isolated gastric varices(IGVs)owing to its precise visualization.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old man was diagnosed with a large IGV during a routine physical examination.Endoscopic ultrasonography showed gastric varices entwined with an artery,which greatly increased the difficulty of treatment.We successfully treated the patient with endoscopic ultrasonography-guided coil embolization combined with cyanoacrylate injection.CONCLUSION Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided coil embolization combined with cyanoacrylate injection was safe and effective for the treatment of an IGV entwined with an artery.

Progressive Collapse Resistance of a New Staggered Story Isolated System

A new staggered isolated system developed from the mid-story isolated system is the new staggered story isolated system. There are not many studies on this structure currently. In this study, an 18-story new staggered story isolated system model is established using SAP2000. The dynamic nonlinear dynamic alternate method is used to analyze the structure against progressive collapse. Results show that the structure has good resistance to progressive collapse, and there is no progressive collapse under each working condition. The progressive collapse does not occur for the case of removing only one vertical structural member of the new staggered of isolated system. The side column has big influence on this isolated structures’ progressive collapse;the removal of vertical structural member of the isolation layer has less impact on the structure than the removal of the bottom vertical structural member. After the removing of the member, the internal force of the structure will be redistributed, and the axial force of the adjacent columns will change obviously, showing a trend of “near large and far small”.

Effect of Rhubarb Decoction on the Isolated Intestinal Movement of Ophicephalus argus

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate effects of rhubarb decoction with different concentrations on the isolated intestinal movement performance of Ophicephalus argus,and to discuss its pharmacological mechanism.[Method] With RM6240C biological signal collection and processing system,tension values of the isolated intestine before and after the treatment by rhubarb decoction with different concentrations were recorded by the isolated organ method.[Result] Rhubarb decoction with concentration of 0.062 and 0.125 g/ml showed obvious enhancement on the isolated intestinal contraction of Ophicephalus argus,while rhubarb decoction with concentration of 0.250 and 0.500 g/ml showed inhibition on the isolated intestinal contraction of Ophicephalus argus.There was an extremely significant difference in rhubarb decoction with concentration of lower than 0.500 g/ml and more than 0.500 g/ml.With the increase of rhubarb concentration,the intestinal movement of Ophicephalus argus enhanced,but the contraction frequency did not change obviously.[Conclusion] Rhubarb decoction has remarkable effects on the contraction of smooth muscle in the isolated intestines of Ophicephalus argus.

Fluctuations of Endogenous Hormones in Isolated Rice Embryos During Embryogenesis and Early Stages of Germination

Fluctuations of levels of several endogenous plant hormones in isolated rice ( Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) embryos during early and mid-embryogenesis and early stages of germination were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Embryos were collected at different days after pollination (DAP) and different days after imbibition (DAI) of mature seeds. The contents of gibberellin(1) (GA(1)), abscisic acid (ABA), isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine ( iPAs), zeatin and zeatin riboside ( ZRs) were immunochemically assayed. The GA(1) level was the highest among all hormones tested. The variations of GA(1) levels were opposite with the ABA levels, with some exceptions. During early and mid-embryogenesis, the levels of GA(1) and ABA were the highest at 4 DAP. From 8 to 18 DAP, GA(1) level declined, whereas the ABA level increased. During germination, GA(1) level increased at 2 DAI whereas simultaneously the ABA content decreased. The highest ratio of GA(1)/ABA was observed at 2 DAI The levels of iPAs and ZRs were maxima in the embryos at 4 DAP, decreased to a very low level and maintained constant thereafter. Our results provide further evidence that GA(1) plays an important role in the early stages of embryo development and germination. The balance between GA(1) and ABA, rather than their absolute contents, controls these processes throughout the development, whereas iPAs and ZRs may play important roles in early embryogenesis. The use of isolated embryos as starting material avoids the usual interferences with other tissues such as the endosperm. In addition, this is the first report dealing with the hormonal balance of early-embryos in rice.

Modeling on Prescribed Burning Width of Fire Isolated Belt in Pinus kesiya Forest

Based on field survey and measurement, and the simulated field burning test by indoor burning bed, a multiple linear regression model was established with factors of fuel load（x1）, temperature（x2）, fuel moisture content（x3）, wind velocity（x4）, aspect（xs）, slope（x6）, forest height（x7）, propagation velocity（x8）, fire line intensity（xg） and prescribed burning width of fire isolated belt（y）. The results showed that the multivari- ate linear model was y=-12.371 ＋4.182x1 ＋0.435x2 ＋0.013x3＋0.083x4＋0.017x5＋0.916x6＋ 0.540x7, and the influences of the factors on the prescribed burning width of fire isolated belt were in the order of x6, x7, x1, x4, x3, x2, x5. This model make it easier to establish fire isolated belt by using fuel characteristics, topographic factors, meteorological factors, and forest stand factors, providing basis for the development of prescribed burning and forest management fire.

Embryogenesis and Development of Isolated Microspore in Chinese Cabbage

[Objective] The aim was to observe embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores in Chinese cabbage. [Method] Chinese cabbage F 1 hybrids were used as the experimental materials, and optical microspore was employed to observe the embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores. [Result] Cells swelled after heat shock treatment, which was the critical factor of embryoid induction. Three pathways equal division, unequal division and germination of microspores were discovered to lead to the embryogenesis from isolated microspores after swelling. Microspore could grow directly to embryoid through germination path way. Equally divided microspores formed the original embryos after successive multiple equal divisions. Original embryos could develop into cotyledon-shaped embryos via globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped embryos. The large one of the two cells from unequally divided microspores continued to divide and finally formed a polar embryoid. [Conclusion] The study will provide cytological basis for high induction frequency and embryoid of Chinese cabbage.

Seismic Response of Adjacent Structure to Inter-Story Isolated Structure

Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models considering no soil-structure interaction (SSI), considering soil-structure interaction (SSI), and considering structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) were established. Nonlinear seismic response comparative analysis was conducted by varying the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure, as well as the weight of adjacent structure, under different earthquake inputs, in order to obtain the structural response characteristics. The results indicate that the inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure without considering SSI are smaller than those considering SSI and SSSI. The inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure considering SSSI are further affected compared to that of the inter-story isolated structure considering only SSI. As the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure increases, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure decreases. The variation in the spacing between the two structures has a negligible effect on the isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure. With the increase in the weight of adjacent structure, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure becomes more significant. The increasing weight of adjacent structure has an increasing effect on the Isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure.

Multi-phase bus signal priority strategy at isolated intersections

To satisfy the multiple priority requests from buses that arrive at different phases within a small time window, a multi-phase bus signal priority （MPBSP） strategy is developed. The proximity principle is brought forward to settle the conflicts among multiple priority requests and arrange the optimal priority sequence. To avoid over saturation of the intersection, a conditional MPBSP algorithm that adopts early green and green extension strategies is developed to give priority to the bus with the highest priority level when green time that each phase runs makes its saturation degree not larger than 0. 95. Finally, the algorithm is tested in the VISSIM environment and compared with the normal signal timing algorithm. Sensitive analysis of the number of priority phases, bus demand, and volume to capacity ratios are conducted to quantify their impacts on the benefits of the MPBSP. Results show that the MPBSP strategy can effectively reduce bus delays, and with the increase in the number of priority phases, the reduction range of bus delays also increases.

Establishment on Isolated Microspore Culture Optimized System for Restorer of New Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (NER) of Brassica napus L.

[Objective]The aim was to establish optimized system for NER isolated microspore culture of Brassica napus L.. [Method]Twenty varieties of NER of Brassica napus were grown under uncontrolled temperature and light conditions,and their isolated microspore from anthers were used as explants in vitro culture. The influencing factors of microspore culture were preliminarily studied. [Result]The difference of genotypes was important influencing factors to embryoid yield. The embryoid yield increased by supplementing with 6-BA and NAA,culturing in solid-liquid double layer medium with activated charcoal; The difference was not significant of embryoid yield between culturing in medium supplemented with colchicines and the CK. The rates of cotyledonous embryoids directly developed into normal plantlets increased through enriching with 0.1-0.2 mg/L NAA and being treated on slim illumination two days before being inducted into normal plantlets. [Conclusion]The technical system of microspore culture of restorer of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER） was established,which and lays a foundation for accelerating genotype purification of NER introgressive line.

Longwall surface subsidence control by technology of isolated overburden grout injection

Surface subsidence is a typical ground movement due to longwall mining, which causes a series of environmental problems and hazards. In China, intensive coal extractions are commonly operated under dense-populated coalfields, which exacerbates the negative subsequences resulted from surface settlement. Therefore, effective approaches to control the ground subsidence are in urgent need for the Chinese coal mining industry. This paper presents a newly developed subsidence control technology: isolated overburden grout injection, including the theory, technique and applications. Relevant procedures such as injection system design, grouting material selection, borehole layout, grout take estimation and injection process design are proposed. The applicability of this technology has been demonstrated through physical modelling, field measurements, and case studies. Since 2009, the technology has been successfully applied to 14 longwall areas in 9 Chinese coal mines. The ultimate surface subsidence factors vary from 0.10 to 0.15. This method has a great potential to be popularized and performed where longwall mining are implemented under villages and ground infrastructures.

Engineering the Coordination Sphere of Isolated Active Sites to Explore the Intrinsic Activity in Single-Atom Catalysts

Reducing the dimensions of metallic nanoparticles to isolated,single atom has attracted considerable attention in heterogeneous catalysis,because it significantly improves atomic utilization and often leads to distinct catalytic performance.Through extensive research,it has been recognized that the local coordination environment of single atoms has an important influence on their electronic structures and catalytic behaviors.In this review,we summarize a series of representative systems of single-atom catalysts,discussing their preparation,characterization,and structure-property relationship,with an emphasis on the correlation between the coordination spheres of isolated reactive centers and their intrinsic catalytic activities.We also share our perspectives on the current challenges and future research promises in the development of single-atom catalysis.With this article,we aim to highlight the possibility of finely tuning the catalytic performances by engineering the coordination spheres of single-atom sites and provide new insights into the further development for this emerging research field.

Effects of Dangshen on isolated gastric muscle strips in rats

AIM To study the effects of Dangshen [dried root of Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch) Nannf] on contractile activity of isolated gastric muscle strips in rats and its possible mechanism involved.METHODS Each isolated gastric muscle strip was put in a tissue chamber containing 5ml Krebs solution, constantly warmed by water jacket at 37℃ and supplied with a mixed gas of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. After incubating for 1h with 1g tension, Dangshen of varied concentration was added cumulatively in the tissue chamber at intervals of 2 minutes. The isometrical response was measured on ink-writing recorders.RESULTS Dangshen dose dependence increased the resting tension of longitudinal muscle (LM) of fundus (r=0.96, P＜0.01), the mean contractile amplitude of circular muscle (CM) of the stomach body (r=0.87, P＜0.05) and CM of antrum (r=0.98, P＜0.01), and the motility index CM of pylorus (r=0.87, P＜0.05). Atropine (5×10-8mol/L) or Hexamethonium (10-5mol/L) or Indomethacin (5×10-7mol/L) was given 2 minutes before the administration of Dangshen, it did not abolish its dose related manner. Atropine apparently reduced the increasing action of 10% and 30% Dangshen on the resting tesion of LM of fundus (P＜0.05), 30%, 100% and 200% Dangshen on bodied strips (P＜0.05), 100% and 200% Dangshen on antral strips (P＜0.05). Hexamethonium reduced the increasing action of 10% and 30% Dangshen on the resting tesion of LM of fundus (P＜0.05 and P＜0.05), 30%, 100% and 200% Dangshen on bodied strips (P＜0.05), and 100% and 200% Dangshen on pyloric strips (P＜0.05). Indomethacin inhibited the effect of 10% Dangshen on the resting tesion of LM of fundus (P＜0.05), but did not affect the exciting action of Dangshen on strips of body, antrum and pylorus.CONCLUSION The results showed that Dangshen possessed exciting action on the isolated gastric smooth muscle strips of the rat. The exciting action of Dangshen was partially mediated via cholinergic M and N receptors.

Isolated intestinal neurofibromatous proliferations in the absence of associated systemic syndromes

Gastrointestinal tract involvement by neurofibromatous lesions is rare and occurs most frequently as one of the systemic manifestations of generalized neurofibromatosis type 1 （NF1）. In this setting, the lesions may manifest as focal scattered neurofibromas or as an extensive diffuse neural hyperplasia designated ganglioneuromatosis. Occasionally, such lesions may be the initial sign of NF1 in patients without any other clinical manifestations of the disease. Rarely, cases of isolated neurofibromatosis of the large bowel with no prior or subsequent evidence of generalized neurofibromatosis have been documented. We present the case of a 52 year-old female with abdominal pain and alternating bowel habits. Colonoscopic evaluation revealed multiple small polyps in the cecum and the presence of nodular mucosa in the colon and rectum. Pathologic evaluation of the biopsies from the cecum, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum revealed tangled fascicles of spindle cells expanding the lamina propia leading to separation of the intestinal crypts. Immunohistochemical stains helped confirm the diagnosis of diffuse intestinal neurofibromatosis. A thorough clinical evaluation failed to reveal any stigmata of generalized neurofibromatosis. This case represents a rare presentation of isolated intestinal neurofibromatosis in a patient without classic systemic manifestations of generalized neurofibromatosis and highlights the need in such cases for close clinical follow-up to exclude neurofibromatosis type I or multiple endocrine neoplasia type Ⅱ.

Isolated gastric variceal bleeding caused by splenic lymphoma-associated splenic vein occlusion

Isolated gastric varices(IGV) can occur in patients with left-sided portal hypertension resulting from splenic vein occlusion caused by thrombosis or stenosis. In left-sided portal hypertension,blood flows retrogradely through the short and posterior gastric veins and the gastroepiploic veins,leading to the formation of an IGV. The most common causes of splenic vein occlusion are pancreatic diseases,such as pancreatic cancer,pancreatitis,or a pseudocyst. However,various other cancers,such as colon,gastric,or renal cancers,have also been known to cause splenic vein occlusion. Our patient presented with a rare case of IGV bleeding induced by splenic lymphoma-associated splenic vein occlusion. Splenectomy,splenic artery embolization,and stenting of the splenic vein are the current treatment choices. Chemotherapy,however,is an alternative effective treatment for splenic vein occlusion caused by chemotherapy-sensitive tumors. Our patient responded well to chemotherapy with a cyclophosphamide,hydroxydaunorubicin,oncovin,and prednisolone regimen,and the splenic vein occlusion resolved after the lymphoma regressed.