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Efficacy of fexuprazan compared with rebamipide in Korean patients with gastritis:A matching-adjusted indirect comparison
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作者 Gwang Ha Kim Hang Lak Lee 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2024年第19期3890-3897,共8页
BACKGROUND Gastritis is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases requiring medical treatment in South Korea.Fexuprazan,a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker,has been approved for treating gastritis and erosi... BACKGROUND Gastritis is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases requiring medical treatment in South Korea.Fexuprazan,a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker,has been approved for treating gastritis and erosive esophagitis.Meanwhile,rebamipide is the most commonly used mucoprotective agent for acute and chronic gastritis in real-world settings in South Korea.However,there have been no studies comparing the efficacy of these two drugs yet.AIM To compare the efficacy of fexuprazan with that of rebamipide for acute and chronic gastritis.METHODS This was a matching-adjusted indirect comparison.Individual patient data from a phase III study of fexuprazan(10 mg BID)were compared with cumulative data from two matching studies of rebamipide(100 mg TID).Erosion improvement and healing rates were compared between two weeks of fexurapan,two weeks of rebamipide,and four weeks of rebamipide.The two main outcome variables were presented as percentages,and the risk differences(RD)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated for the relative treatment effects.RESULTS In the primary analysis,the erosion improvement and healing rates after a twoweek treatment with fexuprazan were 64.5%and 53.2%,respectively,while a twoweek treatment with rebamipide resulted in erosion improvement and healing rates of 43.6%(RD:21.0%;95%CI:9.6-32.3;P<0.01)and 35.6%(RD:17.6%;95%CI:6.1-29.2;P=0.003),respectively.In the additional analysis,the erosion improvement and healing rates for the two-week fexuprazan treatment(64.2%and 51.2%,respectively)were similar to those obtained during a four-week treatment with rebamipide(60.6%;RD:3.6%;95%CI:-9.8,17.0;P=0.600 and 53.5%;RD:-2.3%;95%CI:-16.1,11.5;P=0.744,respectively).CONCLUSION The two-week fexuprazan treatment was superior to the two-week rebamipide treatment and similar to the fourweek rebamipide treatment for patients with gastritis. 展开更多
关键词 GASTRITIS Erosive gastritis Fexuprazan REBAMIPIDE Matching-adjusted indirect comparison indirect treatment comparison
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Fracture propagation and evolution law of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams
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作者 Haifeng Zhao Pengyue Li +1 位作者 Xuejiao Li Wenjie Yao 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期78-102,共25页
Indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams has been demonstrated to be a feasible technology.In this work,the No.5 coal seam in the Hancheng block was taken as the research object.Based on the findings ... Indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams has been demonstrated to be a feasible technology.In this work,the No.5 coal seam in the Hancheng block was taken as the research object.Based on the findings of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments and field pilot under this technology and the cohesive element method,a 3D numerical model of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams was established,the fracture morphology propagation and evolution law under different conditions was investigated,and analysis of main controlling factors of fracture parameters was conducted with the combination weight method,which was based on grey incidence,analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method.The results show that“士”-shaped fractures,T-shaped fractures,cross fractures,H-shaped fractures,and“干”-shaped fractures dominated by horizontal fractures were formed.Different parameter combinations can form different fracture morphologies.When the coal seam permeability is lower and the minimum horizontal principal stress difference between layers and fracturing fluid injection rate are both larger,it tends to form“士”-shaped fractures.When the coal seam permeability and minimum horizontal principal stress between layers and perforation position are moderate,cross fractures are easily generated.Different fracture parameters have different main controlling factors.Engineering factors of perforation location,fracturing fluid injection rate and viscosity are the dominant factors of hydraulic fracture shape parameters.This study can provide a reference for the design of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams. 展开更多
关键词 indirect fracturing Roof of coal seam Fracture propagation and evolution Coalbed methane Cohesive element method Combination weight method
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Behavior of exciton in direct−indirect band gap Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As crystal lattice quantum wells
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作者 Yong Sun Wei Zhang +10 位作者 Shuang Han Ran An Xin-Sheng Tang Xin-Lei Yu Xiu-Juan Miao Xin-Jun Ma Xianglian Pei-Fang Li Cui-Lan Zhao Zhao-Hua Ding Jing-Lin Xiao 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期64-70,共7页
Excitons have significant impacts on the properties of semiconductors.They exhibit significantly different properties when a direct semiconductor turns in to an indirect one by doping.Huybrecht variational method is a... Excitons have significant impacts on the properties of semiconductors.They exhibit significantly different properties when a direct semiconductor turns in to an indirect one by doping.Huybrecht variational method is also found to influence the study of exciton ground state energy and ground state binding energy in Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As semiconductor spherical quantum dots.The Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)As is considered to be a direct semiconductor at AI concentration below 0.45,and an indirect one at the concentration above 0.45.With regards to the former,the ground state binding energy increases and decreases with AI concentration and eigenfrequency,respectively;however,while the ground state energy increases with AI concentration,it is marginally influenced by eigenfrequency.On the other hand,considering the latter,while the ground state binding energy increases with AI concentration,it decreases with eigenfrequency;nevertheless,the ground state energy increases both with AI concentration and eigenfrequency.Hence,for the better practical performance of the semiconductors,the properties of the excitons are suggested to vary by adjusting AI concentration and eigenfrequency. 展开更多
关键词 exciton effects aluminum gallium arsenide crystal direct band gap semiconductor indirect band gap semiconductor
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Omental fibroma combined with right indirect inguinal hernia masquerades as a scrotal tumor: A case report
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作者 Ping Zhou Chan-Hui Jin +6 位作者 Ying Shi Guo-Qing Ma Wen-Hao Wu Yu Wang Kun Cai Wu-Feng Fan Tian-Bao Wang 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2024年第5期988-994,共7页
BACKGROUND The most common causes of scrotal enlargement in patients include primary tumor of the scrotum,inflammation,hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis,and indirect inguinal hernia;scrotal enlargement caused by exter... BACKGROUND The most common causes of scrotal enlargement in patients include primary tumor of the scrotum,inflammation,hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis,and indirect inguinal hernia;scrotal enlargement caused by external tumors of the scrotum is rare.The patient had both a greater omentum tumor and an inguinal hernia,and the tumor protruded into the scrotum through the hernia sac,which is even rarer.Moreover,omental tumors are mostly metastatic,and primary omental fibroma is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a rare case of a 25-year-old young man with scrotal enlargement and pain for 3 months.Preoperative examination and multidisciplinary discu-ssions considered intra-abdominal tumor displacement and inguinal hernia,and intraoperative exploration confirmed that the greater omentum tumor protruded into the scrotum.Therefore,tumor resection and tension-free inguinal hernia repair were performed.The final diagnosis was benign fibroma of the greater omentum accompanied by an indirect inguinal hernia.CONCLUSION This unusual presentation of a common inguinal hernia disease illustrates the necessity of performing detailed history taking,physical examination,and imaging before surgery. 展开更多
关键词 HERNIA indirect inguinal hernia FIBROMA Omental tumor Scrotal tumor Greater omentum Case report
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Factors that influence the results of indirect decompression employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion
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作者 Andrey E Bokov Svetlana Y Kalinina +2 位作者 Mingiyan I Khaltyrov Alexandr P Saifullin Anatoliy A Bulkin 《World Journal of Orthopedics》 2024年第8期734-743,共10页
BACKGROUND Indirect decompression is one of the potential benefits of anterior reconstruction in patients with spinal stenosis.On the other hand,the reported rate of revision surgery after indirect decompression highl... BACKGROUND Indirect decompression is one of the potential benefits of anterior reconstruction in patients with spinal stenosis.On the other hand,the reported rate of revision surgery after indirect decompression highlights the necessity of working out prediction models for the radiographic results of indirect decompression with assessing their clinical relevance.AIM To assess factors that influence radiographic and clinical results of the indirect decompression in patients with stenosis of the lumbar spine.METHODS This study is a single-center cross-sectional evaluation of 80 consecutive patients(17 males and 63 females)with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with the instability of the lumbar spinal segment.Patients underwent single level or bisegmental spinal instrumentation employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.Radiographic results of the indirect decompression were assessed using computerized tomography,while MacNab scale was used to assess clinical results.RESULTS After indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction using OLIF,the statistically significant increase in the disc space height,vertebral canal square,right and left lateral canal depth were detected(Р<0.0001).The median(M)relative vertebral canal square increase came toМ=24.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(16.3%;33.3%)if indirect decompression was achieved by restoration of the segment height.In patients with the reduction of the upper vertebrae slip,the median of the relative increase in vertebral canal square accounted for 49.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(2.35;99.75).Six out of 80 patients(7.5%)presented with unsatisfactory results because of residual nerve root compression.The critical values for lateral recess depth and vertebral canal square that were associated with indirect decompression failure were 3 mm and 80 mm2 respectively.CONCLUSION Indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction is achieved by the increase in disc height along the posterior boarder and reduction of the slipped vertebrae in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.Vertebral canal square below 80 mm2 and lateral recess depth less than 3 mm are associated with indirect decompression failures that require direct microsurgical decompression. 展开更多
关键词 indirect decompression Anterior reconstruction Central lumbar spinal stenosis Degenerative spondylolisthesis Lateral recess stenosis Spinal instability Oblique lateral interbody fusion
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Experimental Study and Thermal Modelling of Cocoa Shell Convective Drying in an Indirect Solar Dryer
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作者 Siaka Touré Adjo Christelle Ogo Modibo Sidibé 《Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science》 2024年第2期69-78,共10页
The concern of the present work is the convective drying of empty cocoa shells in an indirect solar dryer. Some drying experiments, using one sample, were carried out. During the experiments, the sample is introduced ... The concern of the present work is the convective drying of empty cocoa shells in an indirect solar dryer. Some drying experiments, using one sample, were carried out. During the experiments, the sample is introduced in the drying chamber. Then at steady time intervals, the sample is withdrawn from the drying chamber, for a rapid weighing. After each weighing, the sample is reintroduced in the dryer. At each time interval, the ambient temperature of the drying chamber and its relative humidity γ are measured by a thermo-hygrometer. From the experimental data, a theoretical determination of the moisture evaporated from the product was performed and a good agreement was found between the theoretical and experimental values, confirmed by the value of the RMSE. Those calculations used the constants in the Nusselt number found in literature. Then those constants were evaluated again, to get new values more suitable with the experimental data. The dimensionless numbers of Nusselt, Grashof and Prandtl were calculated. That allowed the calculation of the average value of the Nusselt number. The average convective heat transfer coefficient was determined. 展开更多
关键词 Shells of Cocoa Pods indirect Solar Dryer Moisture Evaporated Constants of the Nusselt Number Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient
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Analysis of Standards and Effects of Police Indirect Court of Human Rights——Taking“Akbay and Others v.Germany”as an Example
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作者 刘梅湘 侯慧茹 CHEN Feng 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2024年第1期202-230,共29页
The European Court of Human Rights(ECtHR)has ruled that illegal indirect entrapment must meet three criteria simultaneously.This mixed standard requires that the previous direct entrapment violates the“essentially pa... The European Court of Human Rights(ECtHR)has ruled that illegal indirect entrapment must meet three criteria simultaneously.This mixed standard requires that the previous direct entrapment violates the“essentially passive,”subsequent indirect entrapment satisfies the“reasonable foreseeability,”and police entrapment of secondary defendants to commit crimes is considered“decisive.”The legal consequences of indirect entrapment are distinguished between general indirect entrapment and illegal indirect entrapment.The basic position of the ECtHR on the consequences of illegal indirect entrapment has shifted from supporting mitigating penalties to recognizing procedural dismissal,and general indirect entrapment is considered a mitigating factor in sentencing.Against the backdrop of increasing internationalization of criminal justice standards,the above criteria and positions have strong implications for the improvement of relevant rules in China. 展开更多
关键词 indirect entrapment direct entrapment standard of legitimacy legal consequence
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Indirect Electroanalysis of 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol in Water Using Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Modified with Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine Complex
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作者 Yibor Fabrice Roland Bako Serge Foukmeniok Mbokou +2 位作者 Boukaré Kaboré Issa Tapsoba Maxime Pontié 《Materials Sciences and Applications》 2024年第2期25-35,共11页
Electrochemical detection of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP) in direct phenol oxidation occurs at high potentials and generally leads to progressive passivation of the electrochemical sensor. This study describes the use... Electrochemical detection of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP) in direct phenol oxidation occurs at high potentials and generally leads to progressive passivation of the electrochemical sensor. This study describes the use of a carbon fiber microelectrode modified with a tetrasulfonated nickel phthalocyanine complex for the detection of MNP at a lower potential than that of direct phenol oxidation. The MNP voltammogram showed the presence of an anodic peak at -0.11 V vs SCE, corresponding to the oxidation of the hydroxylamine group generated after the reduction of the nitro group. The effect of buffer pH on the peak current and SWV parameters such as frequency, scan increment, and pulse amplitude were studied and optimized to have better electrochemical response of the proposed sensor. With these optimal parameters, the calibration curve shows that the peak current varied linearly as a function of MNP concentration, leading to a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.1 μg/L. These results show an appreciable sensitivity of the sensor for detecting the MNP at relatively low potentials, making it possible to avoid passivation phenomena. 展开更多
关键词 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine indirect Electroanalysis Square Wave Voltammetry
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Compression behavior of 316L lattice structures produced by indirect additive manufacturing 被引量:1
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作者 Yan-peng Wei Hao Yang +4 位作者 Jing-chang Cheng Peng Gao Jian Shi Feng Lin Bo Yu 《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第2期83-88,共6页
As a new type of lightweight structure,metallic lattice structure has higher stiffness and strength to weight ratio.To freely obtain 316L lattice structures with designed cell structure and adjustable porosity,additiv... As a new type of lightweight structure,metallic lattice structure has higher stiffness and strength to weight ratio.To freely obtain 316L lattice structures with designed cell structure and adjustable porosity,additive manufacturing combined with investment casting was conducted to fabricate the 316L lattice structures with Kelvin cell.The compression simulation of 316L lattice structures with different porosities was carried out by using the finite element method.The numerical simulation results were verified by compression experiment,and the simulated results were consistent with the compression tests.The compressive mechanical properties of 316L lattice structures are directly related to porosity and independent of strut diameters.The 316L lattice structures with Kelvin cell have a smooth stress-strain curve and obvious plastic platform,and the hump stress-strain curves are avoided. 展开更多
关键词 316L lattice structures indirect additive manufacturing compression behavior investment casting finite element simulation
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Indirect Vector Control of Linear Induction Motors Using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation 被引量:1
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作者 Arjmand Khaliq Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif +5 位作者 Fahad Ahmad Muhammad Anwar Qaisar Shaheen Rizwan Akhtar Muhammad Arif Shah Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第3期6263-6287,共25页
Vector control schemes have recently been used to drive linear induction motors(LIM)in high-performance applications.This trend promotes the development of precise and efficient control schemes for individual motors.T... Vector control schemes have recently been used to drive linear induction motors(LIM)in high-performance applications.This trend promotes the development of precise and efficient control schemes for individual motors.This research aims to present a novel framework for speed and thrust force control of LIM using space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)inverters.The framework under consideration is developed in four stages.To begin,MATLAB Simulink was used to develop a detailed mathematical and electromechanical dynamicmodel.The research presents a modified SVPWM inverter control scheme.By tuning the proportional-integral(PI)controller with a transfer function,optimized values for the PI controller are derived.All the subsystems mentioned above are integrated to create a robust simulation of the LIM’s precise speed and thrust force control scheme.The reference speed values were chosen to evaluate the performance of the respective system,and the developed system’s response was verified using various data sets.For the low-speed range,a reference value of 10m/s is used,while a reference value of 100 m/s is used for the high-speed range.The speed output response indicates that themotor reached reference speed in amatter of seconds,as the delay time is between 8 and 10 s.The maximum amplitude of thrust achieved is less than 400N,demonstrating the controller’s capability to control a high-speed LIM with minimal thrust ripple.Due to the controlled speed range,the developed system is highly recommended for low-speed and high-speed and heavy-duty traction applications. 展开更多
关键词 Space vector pulse width modulation linear induction motor proportional-integral controller indirect vector control electromechanical dynamic modeling
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Experimental Study on the Thermal Performances of a Tube-Type Indirect Evaporative Cooler
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作者 Tiezhu Sun Huan Sun +2 位作者 Tingzheng Tang Yongcheng Yan Peixuan Li 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2023年第10期2519-2531,共13页
The so-called indirect evaporative cooling technology is widely used in air conditioning applications.The thermal characterization of tube-type indirect evaporative coolers,however,still presents challenges which need... The so-called indirect evaporative cooling technology is widely used in air conditioning applications.The thermal characterization of tube-type indirect evaporative coolers,however,still presents challenges which need to be addressed to make this technology more reliable and easy to implement.This experimental study deals with the performances of a tube-type indirect evaporative cooler based on an aluminum tube with a 10 mm diameter.In particular,the required tests were carried out considering a range of dry-bulb temperatures between 16℃ and 18℃ and a temperature difference between the wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperature of 2℃∼4℃.The integrated convective heat transfer coefficient inside the tube in the drenching condition has been found to lie in the range between 36.10 and 437.4(W/(m^(2)⋅K)). 展开更多
关键词 Tubular indirect evaporative cooler integrated convection heat transfer coefficient evaporative cooling thermal engineering calculation energy saving
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Indirect Carbon Reduction Path from the Perspective of Urban Climate Adaptation Planning
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作者 XUE Wendan YANG Xin 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2023年第1期1-5,共5页
Since the 21^(st)century,the problem of global warming has been prominent,and the problem of climate change has attracted worldwide attention.All countries have issued urban climate adaptation planning policy document... Since the 21^(st)century,the problem of global warming has been prominent,and the problem of climate change has attracted worldwide attention.All countries have issued urban climate adaptation planning policy documents to address the current climate problem.At the same time,the proposal of the“double carbon”vision allows us to focus on the carbon emission reduction of cities and buildings.In addition to the implementation of the direct carbon reduction approach in the whole life cycle of construction,the functional role of indirect carbon reduction cannot be underestimated.By analyzing the domestic and foreign urban climate adaptation planning policy documents,summarizing the indirect carbon reduction approaches,and analyzing the feasibility of the indirect carbon reduction and emission reduction methods from the perspective of urban climate adaptation planning,the indirect carbon reduction adaptation strategy is proposed,which provides a reference for the implementation of urban climate adaptation planning and the target completion of reaching the carbon neutralization and peak on time. 展开更多
关键词 Climate adaptation planning indirect carbon reduction Approach and strategy
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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the impact of per capita income on household indirect carbon emissions in western China
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作者 ZHAO Chun-yan FU Wei +1 位作者 LUO Ming-can CHEN Jian-cheng 《Ecological Economy》 2023年第4期317-328,共12页
With China entering the stage of high-quality development,the issue of carbon emission has become a hot research topic.This paper analyzes the different temporal and spatial effects of per capita income on household i... With China entering the stage of high-quality development,the issue of carbon emission has become a hot research topic.This paper analyzes the different temporal and spatial effects of per capita income on household indirect carbon emissions in western China.Based on the data of Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2016 and 2018 in the western China,this paper uses Regression analysis and Bayesian correlation analysis to study the relationship between per capita income and household indirect carbon emissions.The results showed that the indirect carbon emissions generated by the expenditure on food,housing and household equipment in the household consumption structure in the western China were relatively high.In 2016-2018,the per capita income and per capita household consumption indirect carbon emissions in the western China showed an increasing trend.There was a positive correlation between per capita income and indirect carbon emissions of per capita household consumption,and its correlation was gradually enhanced in time dimension.In the spatial dimension,the household indirect carbon emissions in Yunnan,Qinghai,Guangxi Zhuang and Ningxia in the western China were greatly affected by per capita income,while the household indirect carbon emissions in Guizhou was least affected by per capita income.Finally,the paper puts forward some problems that we should consider in the process of facing the per capita income growth and climate change:the collection of carbon tax,the optimization of household consumption structure,the research and development of low-carbon products,and the differentiated carbon reduction. 展开更多
关键词 per capita income household indirect carbon emissions spatial and temporal heterogeneity analysis
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A Study on the Application of Indirect Speech Act Theory in CET-6 Listening
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作者 SONG Qixin 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2023年第7期272-275,共4页
In recent years,the CET-6(College English Test,Band 6)has become an important standard to measure the English language ability of Chinese college students,and listening is a challenging task for many students.The appl... In recent years,the CET-6(College English Test,Band 6)has become an important standard to measure the English language ability of Chinese college students,and listening is a challenging task for many students.The application of indirect speech act theory in CET-6 listening is seldom studied.Therefore,it is crucial to study on it.Based on the two observation points of indirect speech act theory in CET-6 listening,this study analyzes the specific embodiment of conventional indirect speech acts and non-conventional indirect speech acts in listening,and discusses the effective teaching methods of CET-6 listening. 展开更多
关键词 indirect speech act theory CET-6 English listening English teaching
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Indirect tension test of epoxy asphalt mixtureusing microstructural finite-element model 被引量:8
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作者 王江洋 钱振东 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2011年第1期65-69,共5页
A finite-element model of the thermosetting epoxy asphalt mixture(EAM) microstructure is developed to simulate the indirect tension test(IDT).Image techniques are used to capture the EAM microstructure which is di... A finite-element model of the thermosetting epoxy asphalt mixture(EAM) microstructure is developed to simulate the indirect tension test(IDT).Image techniques are used to capture the EAM microstructure which is divided into two phases:aggregates and mastic.A viscoelastic constitutive relationship,which is obtained from the results of a creep test,is used to represent the mastic phase at intermittent temperatures.Model simulation results of the stiffness modulus in IDT compare favorably with experimental data.Different loading directions and velocities are employed in order to account for their influence on the modulus and the localized stress of the microstructure model.It is pointed out that the modulus is not consistent when the loading direction changes since the heterogeneous distribution of the mixture internal structure,and the loading velocity affects the localized stress as a result of the viscoelasticity of the mastic.The study results can provide a theoretical basis for the finite-element method,which can be extended to the numerical simulations of asphalt mixture micromechanical behavior. 展开更多
关键词 MICROSTRUCTURE epoxy asphalt mixture image techniques finite-element model indirect tension test
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Indirect Radiative Forcing and Climatic Effect of the Anthropogenic Nitrate Aerosol on Regional Climate of China 被引量:13
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作者 李树 王体健 +1 位作者 庄炳亮 韩永 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第3期543-552,共10页
The regional climate model (RegCM3) and a tropospheric atmosphere chemistry model (TACM) were coupled, thus a regional climate chemistry modeling system (RegCCMS) was constructed, which was applied to investigat... The regional climate model (RegCM3) and a tropospheric atmosphere chemistry model (TACM) were coupled, thus a regional climate chemistry modeling system (RegCCMS) was constructed, which was applied to investigate the spatial distribution of anthropogenic nitrate aerosols, indirect radiative forcing, as well as its climatic effect over China. TACM includes the thermodynamic equilibrium model ISORROPIA and a condensed gas-phase chemistry model. Investigations show that the concentration of nitrate aerosols is relatively high over North and East China with a maximum of 29μg m-3 in January and 8 μg m-3 in July. Due to the influence of air temperature on thermodynamic equilibrium, wet scavenging of precipitation and the monsoon climate, there are obvious seasonal differences in nitrate concentrations. The average indirect radiative forcing at the tropopause due to nitrate aerosols is -1.63 W m 2 in January and -2.65 W m 2 in July, respectively. In some areas, indirect radiative forcing reaches -10 W m-2. Sensitivity tests show that nitrate aerosols make the surface air temperature drop and the precipitation reduce on the national level. The mean changes in surface air temperature and precipitation are 0.13 K and -0.01 mm d-1 in January and -0.09 K and -0.11 mm d-1 in July, respectively, showing significant differences in different regions. 展开更多
关键词 nitrate aerosol indirect radiative forcing indirect climate effect regional climate atmosphericchemistry
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Design calculation of porous ceramics tube type dew point indirect evaporative cooler 被引量:1
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作者 毛秀明 黄翔 文力 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2010年第2期205-208,共4页
To improve the wall surface hydrophilicity of a tube type indirect evaporative cooler,a new method adopting porous ceramics is proposed.This method realizes the combination of porous ceramics and the evaporative cooli... To improve the wall surface hydrophilicity of a tube type indirect evaporative cooler,a new method adopting porous ceramics is proposed.This method realizes the combination of porous ceramics and the evaporative cooling technique.The design calculation of the porous ceramics tube type dew point indirect evaporative cooler are carried out from such aspects as the volumes and status parameters of the primary and secondary air,the cooler structure,the heat transfer of the solid porous ceramic tubes and the resistance of the cooler.The calculation results show that the design is reasonable.Finally,based on the design calculation,the porous ceramics tube type dew point indirect evaporative cooler is successfully manufactured. 展开更多
关键词 tube type indirect evaporative cooler dew point porous ceramics design calculation
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Capillary Zone Electrophoresis of Native Amino Acids with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection
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作者 王洪 顾峻岭 +2 位作者 傅若农 胡汉芳 丁天惠 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 1998年第1期43-48,共6页
Aim To strdy the separation of native amino acids using capillary zone electro- pboresis (CZE) with indirect ultraviolet detecition. Methods 13 native amino acids were sepa- rated by capillary electrophoresis with ind... Aim To strdy the separation of native amino acids using capillary zone electro- pboresis (CZE) with indirect ultraviolet detecition. Methods 13 native amino acids were sepa- rated by capillary electrophoresis with indirect detection . The experiments were carried out with homemade CE apparatus under the following operating conditior conditions: a fused-silica capillary col- umn of 50.0cm effect length and of 75m i.d. was used. 7 organic acids were used as BGAE, and a positive potential of separation in CZE with indirect detection. After optimizing for l3 native amino acids were established. Conclusion The choice of BGAe is an important factor influencing the efficiency of separation in CZE with indiect detection .After optimizing the separation conditions a baseline separation for 13 native amino acids is obtained. 展开更多
关键词 CZE indirect UV detection native amino acid
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The Analysis of the Four Forms of Indirectness in Daily Communications
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作者 叶红 《海外英语》 2012年第23期261-262,共2页
The indirect use of language is a common,widespread phenomenon in daily linguistic communication,with an aim to keep a harmonious interpersonal relationship.Though indirectness manifests itself in many ways,this paper... The indirect use of language is a common,widespread phenomenon in daily linguistic communication,with an aim to keep a harmonious interpersonal relationship.Though indirectness manifests itself in many ways,this paper is to discuss the four different forms of indirectness in people's daily communications with typical examples found in both Chinese and English:politeness,indirect speech acts,conversational implicature and figures of speech. 展开更多
关键词 indirectNESS POLITENESS indirect SPEECH ACTS conve
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Application of Nominal Indirect Anaphora in English Teaching and Learning
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作者 张杰 《快乐阅读(开心辞典)(上)》 2011年第26期49-50,共2页
This paper deals with the application of nominal indirect anaphora to unveil the essence of nominal indirect anaphora and disclose the magic power of cohesion and coherence inside it from the angle of cognitive lingui... This paper deals with the application of nominal indirect anaphora to unveil the essence of nominal indirect anaphora and disclose the magic power of cohesion and coherence inside it from the angle of cognitive linguistics.Thus we can apply the resolution mechanism for English teaching and learning for English learners. 展开更多
关键词 NOMINAL indirect ANAPHORA RESOLUTION mechanism LANGUAGE TEACHING and LEARNING
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