Interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes:An integrative review

Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been identified as one of the most challenging chronic illnesses to manage.Since the management of diabetes is mainly accomplished by patients and families,selfmanagement has become the mainstay of diabetes care.However,a significant proportion of patients fail to engage in adequate self-management.A priority research question is how do interventions affect the self-management behaviors of persons with Type 2 diabetes?Purpose/Objectives:The purpose of this integrative review is to provide a summary and critique of interventions that support diabetes self-management in the patient with TypeⅡdiabetes mellitus.Design:An integrative review design,with a comprehensive methodological approach of reviews,allowing inclusion of experimental and non-experimental studies.Procedures:A comprehensive search was conducted via Ebscohost using databases of Academic Search Complete,CINAHL,Health Source:Nursing/Academic Edition,MEDLINE,PsycArtiCLES,and PsycInfo.The final number of papers used for this review were:motivational interviewing(6),peer support/coaching(10),problem solving therapy(3),technology-based interventions(30),lifestyle modification programs(7),patient education(11),mindfulness(3),and cognitive behavioral therapy(5).Results:Studies were examined from seventeen countries including a broad range of cultures and ethnicities.While interventions have shown mixed results in all interventional categories,many studies do support small to modest improvements in physiologic,behavioral,and psychological outcome measures.Considerable heterogeneity of interventions exists.The most commonly reported physiologic measure was HbA1c level.Outcome measures were collected mostly at 6 and 12 months.Duration of most research was limited to one year.Conclusions:Research exploring the impact of interventions for self-management has made major contributions to the care of persons with type 2 diabetes,from offering suggestions for improving care,to stimulating new questions for research.However,implications for clinical practice remain inconclusive,and limitations in existing research suggest caution in interpreting results of studies.

Health literacy and health outcomes in hypertension: An integrative review

Objective:The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence of health literacy and health outcomes in hypertensive patients.Methods:Articles published in English were searched from six databases:MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,ERIC,psycINFO,and SCOPUS.The articles published up to September 2017 were included.Results:Nineteen publications were included in the review.There was quality and consistent evidence that hypertensive patients with lower literacy had poorer knowledge.There was inconsistent evidence to show the relationship between health literacy and clinical outcomes,of systolic and diastolic blood pressure,and blood pressure control;behavioral outcomes,of self-care,self-efficacy,adherence;patientphysician interactions outcomes,of patient-physician communication,patient trust,involvement in decision making and other outcomes.Conclusion:The person with low health literacy is likely to have poor knowledge of hypertension.However,there is insufficient evidence to suggest that health literacy is associated with outcomes of hypertension independently.

Factors affecting repositioning policy compliance:an integrative review

Objective:To explore the factors affecting nurses’compliance with repositioning policy.Methods:An integrative review was conducted following the Whittemore and Knafl methodology to identify the problem related to repositioning policy compliance.We searched the following databases:Coherence Wounds Group Specialized Register(Jan 1997 to Jun 2019),Ovid MEDLINE(Jan 1997 to Jun 2019),EBSCO CINAHL(Jan 1997 to Jun 2019),and Clinical Key database(Jan 2014 to Oct 2018).Results:The review revealed three factors that influence repositioning compliance:nurse-related factors,patient-related factors,and Environment-related factors.Conclusions:These factors directly impact one another and,in turn,influence the compliance of nurses to the repositioning policy.However,there is no evidence currently available that explains the collective impact of these factors and how they interact to affect repositioning policy compliance.Never theless,all these factors are impor tant and should be considered to enhance and fur ther improve the quality of nursing care and adherence to the repositioning policy。

Factors contributing to nurses'resilience in caring for COVID-19 patients:an integrative review

Objective:To summarize factors contributing to the resilience of nurses in caring for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Methods:An integrative review was conducted according to the recommendations proposed by Whittemore and Knafl.Articles were searched through 8 electronic databases:Pub Med,Scopus,Clinical Key for Nursing,Pro Quest,Medline and Wiley Online Library,CINAHL,and Garuda,which are databases recommended by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology in Indonesia.Relevant ar ticles published in English and Indonesia between 2019 and 2022,being quantitative or qualitative theoreticalmethodological studies that analyzed or proposed factors to nurses’resilience in caring for COVID-19 patients,were included,whereas primary studies that used review as a methodology to review an object of research were excluded.Results:From the 17 ar ticles that were included in this study,3 factors were found that contributed to the resilience of nurses in caring for COVID-19 patients,namely personal factors,workplace/organizational factors,and social factors.Conclusions:Understanding factors related to nurses’resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic can contribute to meet nurses’resilience both physical y and psychologically.Good resilience of nurses during a pandemic is useful for improving nursing care services and patient safety,as well as for being able to avoid turnover intentions among nurses in pandemic time.

Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review

The purpose of this integrative review is to evaluate research pertaining to self-management programs for older adults with chronic diseases using Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for behavior change. The focus is application of the SCT domains to self-management programs. The exploration of the current chronic disease self-management research provides an understanding of the Social Cognitive Theory concepts studied in interventional self-management research. The integrative review explicated two areas related to the theory in need of further research. First, social support has not been thoroughly explored as a mechanism for enhancing self-management interventions. Second, moral disengagement was not identified as a focus within chronic disease research raising the question about the impact of moral disengagement on long-term adherence and behavior change.

Evidence of Linkages between Patient Safety and Person-Centred Care in the Maternity and Obstetric Context—An Integrative Review

The aim was to evaluate the current state of knowledge pertaining to patient safety and its link to person-centred care. The international relevance of patient safety has expanded, as have the models of person-centred care. Inspired by this new trend, we collated and summarized the literature for evidence of the two topics. The study was guided by Russell, Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review framework. An electronic database search was conducted for relevant articles from 2005 to 2016. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The structure and process of the evaluation of the evidence are described and the findings interpreted by means of a thematic synthesis. One theme emerged: trustful, safe communication in the relationship between the patient, family members and healthcare professionals and two domains;safety culture and multidisciplinary capacity building. The dominant dimension in the safety culture domain is respectful communication, which implies sharing experiences that lead to a sense of control during labour and birth and is related to the women’s feeling of personal capacity. The dominant dimensions in the multidisciplinary capacity building domain are collaborative teamwork, coordination and risk management, knowledge sharing and patient-centred communication. In conclusion, to enhance patient safety, it is necessary to develop patient-focused, evidence-based skills and guidelines as well as a supportive organization. Due to their interaction with patients, midwives’ communication competence on the part of midwives is essential for supporting the birth and fulfilling the women’s needs and expectations.

Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses of Integrative Medicine in Chinese Need Regulation and Monitoring Urgently and Some Suggestions for Its Solutions

With the introduction and development of evidence-based medicine in China, it has been spread rapidly in the area of integrative medicine（IM） and has become a new unique discipline. During almost 20 years, as one of the most important parts of evidence-based IM, systematic review（SR）/meta-analysis（MA） of IM have shown a good development momentum in the aspects of quantity, depth, breadth and influence, but also face the harsh situation of the uncontrolled quantity and quality, especially for SRs in Chinese. Therefore, how to supervise and standardize this area effectively becomes a problem to be solved. Based on the experience both at home and abroad, the authors put forward several kinds of solutions for laying the foundation for further development such as promoting the registration system of SR/MA of IM, effectively setting up the regulatory platform of quality and quantity, launching professional training for SR/MA reviewers, formingqualification registration, developing the data transfer and sharing platform to realize the transparency of evidence process.

Foods and Herbs That May Interact with Medications Used for Arterial Hypertension and Dyslipidemia

The aim of this review was to verify the risks of drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly. This is an integrative literature review, with a descriptive approach, carried out through research in indexed databases, legislation and pharmacopoeias. Data collection took place in the year 2022, through the analysis of literature collected of the last 10 years collected. The data showed that many of the continuous drugs use by the elderly can lead to interactions of different orders with nutrients, increasing the risk of plasmatic fluctuation as grapefruit, orange, lemon and lime interact with systemic arterial hypertension, increasing the risk of drug intoxication in the elderly. The action of the health team is essential, through the careful evaluation of the administered drugs, diet therapy and the interaction between them, to benefit the elderly with better use of the therapy and improvement of nutritional conditions.

Historical Responsibility and Great Trust of the Times——Review and Outlook of 60 Years of Integrative Medicine Clinical Sciences

The founding of China Institute of Chinese Medicine, known now as the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, was proclaimed in December 1955 in Beijing. Premier ZHOU En-lai commemorated the occasion with his inscription extolling ＂to carry forward the heritage of Chinese medicine＂. Just before and after its establishment, the Academy recruited numbers of famous Chinese and Western medicine specialists all over the country to participate in this endeavour.

Chinese Ethics Review System and Chinese Medicine Ethical Review:Past,Present,and Future

The Chinese medical ethics committee and the ethical review system have made the following achievements： （1） enabled the institutionalization of medical ethics, （2） carried out the ethics review of Chinese medicine （CM） and integrative medicine extensively, （3） trained a large number of ethical professionals, （4） supported and protected the interests of patients and subjects, and （5） ensured the correct direction of biological research and provided ethical defense for the publication of its results. However, at the same time, they are also faced with some new problems and difficulties that need to be resolved in the following ways： （1） to refine the relevant rules of ethical review, （2） to develop the relevant standards of the CM and integrative medicine ethical review, （3） to enhance the independence and authority of ethics committee, （4） to emphasize innovation and to discover and solve new problems, and （5） to increase international exchanges and improve relevant research.

Shenyi Capsule(参一胶囊) plus Chemotherapy versus Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer:A Systematic Review of Overlapping Meta-Analyses

Objective：To assist decision-makers interpret and choose among conflicting meta-analyses,as well as to offer treatment recommendations based on current best evidence by performing a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses regarding Shenyi Capsule（参一胶囊,SC） plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.Methods：A literature search was conducted to select systematic reviews comparing SC plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy for NSCLC.Meta-analyses only composed of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） met the inclusion criteria.Two authors individually estimated the quality of meta-analysis and extracted data.The Jadad decision algorithm was applied to guarantee which meta-analysis provided the best original evidence.Results：A total of 5 meta-analyses were included.All the studies composed of RCTs or quasi-RCTs and were regarded as level-Ⅱ evidence.The scores of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews ranged from 3 to 6（median 4）.A high-quality meta-analysis with more RCTs was chosen,which suggested that SC plus chemotherapy could increase incidence of short-term efficacy,improve the quality of life and survival rate in comparison to chemotherapy.However,there was no statistically significant difference between SC plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy regarding chemotherapy-induced side effect,such as liver and kidney function obstacle,leukopenia,hemoglobin decrement and gastrointestinal adverse reaction.Conclusions：Based on the best available evidence,treatment effect of SC plus chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy and did not increase side effects.Therefore,SC plus chemotherapy may be superior to chemotherapy for treating NSCLC.However,due to some limitations,SC plus chemotherapy should be cautiously considered,and further high-quality meta-analyses are needed.

Integrated optical delay lines:a review and perspective[Invited]

Optical delay lines（ODLs） are one of the key enabling components in photonic integrated circuits and systems.They are widely used in time-division multiplexing, optical signal synchronization and buffering, microwave signal processing, beam forming and steering, etc. The development of integrated photonics pushes forward the miniaturization of ODLs, offering improved performances in terms of stability, tuning speed, and power consumption. The integrated ODLs can be implemented using various structures, such as single or coupled resonators, gratings, photonic crystals, multi-path switchable structures, and recirculating loop structures.The delay tuning in ODLs is enabled by either changing the group refractive index of the waveguide or changing the length of the optical path. This paper reviews the recent development of integrated ODLs with a focus on their abundant applications and flexible implementations. The challenges and potentials of each type of ODLs are pointed out.