BMP-IHH-mediated interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and osteoclasts supports calvarial bone homeostasis and repair

Calvarial bones are connected by fibrous sutures. These sutures provide a niche environment that includes mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, which help maintain calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. Abnormal function of osteogenic cells or diminished MSCs within the cranial suture can lead to skull defects, such as craniosynostosis. Despite the important function of each of these cell types within the cranial suture, we have limited knowledge about the role that crosstalk between them may play in regulating calvarial bone homeostasis and injury repair. Here we show that suture MSCs give rise to osteoprogenitors that show active bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) signalling and depend on BMP-mediated Indian hedgehog(IHH) signalling to balance osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis activity. IHH signalling and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand(RANKL) may function synergistically to promote the differentiation and resorption activity of osteoclasts. Loss of Bmpr1a in MSCs leads to downregulation of hedgehog(Hh) signalling and diminished cranial sutures. Significantly, activation of Hh signalling partially restores suture morphology in Bmpr1a mutant mice, suggesting the functional importance of BMP-mediated Hh signalling in regulating suture tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, there is an increased number of CD200+ cells in Bmpr1a mutant mice, which may also contribute to the inhibited osteoclast activity in the sutures of mutant mice. Finally, suture MSCs require BMPmediated Hh signalling during the repair of calvarial bone defects after injury. Collectively, our studies reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing cell–cell interactions within the cranial suture that regulate calvarial bone homeostasis and repair.

Interplay of SOX transcription factors and microRNAs in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions

Precise tuning of gene expression,accomplished by regulato ry networks of transcription factors,epigenetic modifiers,and microRNAs,is crucial for the proper neural development and function of the brain cells.The SOX transcription factors are involved in regulating diverse cellular processes during embryonic and adult neurogenesis,such as maintaining the cell stemness,cell prolife ration,cell fate decisions,and terminal diffe rentiation into neurons and glial cells.MicroRNAs represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression.Together with other gene regulatory factors,microRNAs regulate different processes during neurogenesis and orchestrate the spatial and temporal expression important for neurodevelopment.The emerging data point to a complex regulatory network between SOX transcription factors and microRNAs that govern distinct cellular activities in the developing and adult brain.Deregulated SOX/mic roRNA interplay in signaling pathways that influence the homeostasis and plasticity in the brain has been revealed in various brain pathologies,including neurodegenerative disorders,traumatic brain injury,and cancer.Therapeutic strategies that target SOX/microRNA interplay have emerged in recent years as a promising tool to target neural tissue regeneration and enhance neuro restoration.N umerous studies have confirmed complex intera ctions between microRNAs and SOX-specific mRNAs regulating key features of glioblastoma.Keeping in mind the crucial roles of SOX genes and microRNAs in neural development,we focus this review on SOX/microRNAs interplay in the brain during development and adulthood in physiological and pathological conditions.Special focus was made on their interplay in brain pathologies to summarize current knowledge and highlight potential future development of molecular therapies.

Effects of interplay between metal subwavelength slits on extraordinary optical transmission

In this paper we study the extraordinary optical transmission of one-dimensional multi-slits in an ideal metal film.The transmissivity is calculated as a function of various structural parameters.The transmissivity oscillates,with the period being just the light wavelength,as a function of the spacing between slits.As the number of slits increases,the transmissivity varies in one of three ways.It can increase,attenuate,or remain basically unchanged,depending on the spacing between slits.Each way is in an oscillatory manner.The slit interaction responsible for the oscillating transmission strength that depends on slit spacing is the subject of more detailed investigation.The interaction most intuitively manifests as a current distribution in the metal surface between slits.We find that this current is attenuated in an oscillating fashion from the slit corners to the center of the region between two adjacent slits,and we present a mathematical expression for its waveform.

Avid Interplay在后期制作及管理中的作用

当今的媒体行业正在经历前所未有的变革。从内容创建、发布到后续流程,媒体价值链的每个方面都受到了影响。为了能够在这样一个风云变幻的时代生存下去,媒体机构必须加强内部团队之间的协作,最大限度地提升自身资产的价值,制作更优质的节目,吸引各种渠道的受众。本文介绍了Avid Interplay在后期制作及网络管理中的作用。

Interplay——MDK2

具有第一人称3D射击色彩的动作类型游戏,除了基本的跑、跳和射击操作外,三位主角还各有独家密招可以使用,在动作元素外还加入了不少解谜冒险因素。

Hedgehog pathway orchestrates the interplay of histone modifications and tailors combination epigenetic therapies in breast cancer

Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment.However,in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation,how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood.We herein discover that the hedgehog(Hh)pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer,especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies.Specifically,overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1(ZIC1)in breast cancer promotes Hh activation,facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation(H3K27me)to acetylation(H3K27ac).The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes.Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft,we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer.Together,this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.

Dilution Accelerates Crystallization:A Negative-Order Kinetic Coordination Reaction Induced by the Competitive Interplay of Dissociation and Complexation

Chemical reactions in homogenous systems are generally associated with positive-order kinetics;that is,the reaction rate increases with the increased concentration of reactants.In this work,we report a coordination reaction of Cu^(2+)ions,cyanuric acid(CA),and pyridine in aqueous solution which shows negative-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of pyridine.As the pyridine concentration increases,the complexation of CA with pyridine overwhelms its dissociation in water,resulting in the redistribution of CA;that is,CA is sealed in the pyridine phase by forming an unreactive hydrogenbonded complex.As a result,the number of accessible anionic CA for crystallization in water decreases,and thus the crystallization slows down and almost terminates.Further,the crystallization yields two types of crystals with similar structures but disparate colors(red and blue),and the origin is investigated by the ligand field analysis.

Argа-Bilig theory in traditional Mongolian medicine:a theoretical and practical perspective

The concept of Arga and Bilig serves as a foundational principle in both ancient Mongolian philosophy and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). Arga, symbolized by brightness and associated with qualities of fire and activity, complements Bilig, symbolized by darkness and representing attributes of water and stillness. Together, these opposing forces permeate all aspects of existence, from the genesis of parenthood to the interplay of day and night. Understanding Arga-Bilig is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases, as it illuminates the source of imbalance within the body. This review provides an overview of the significance of Arga-Bilig in Mongolian philosophy and its application in TMM, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of these opposing forces and their role in maintaining balance and harmony within the body.

Dynamic interplay between dislocations and precipitates in creep aging of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

Abstract Creep age forming (CAF) is an advanced forming technology used for manufacturing large complex integrated panel components. However, in creep aging (CA), unlike in sole creep or aging procedure, the dislocation movement and the precipitation process occur simultaneously, leading to difficulty in understanding of the dynamic interplay between these two phenomena. In this work, taking 7050 Al alloy, a typical Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, as the test material, an experimental scheme combining pre-deformation, artificial aging (AA), and tensile/ compressive CA is designed to decouple and reveal the dynamic interaction mechanism of both phenomena. From AA experiments, the static interaction between dislocations and precipitates is studied, and then their dynamic interactions in CA and each evolution are comparatively investigated. The research shows that both total strain and strain rate increase with the increase in pre-deformation in tensile and compressive CA. However, the total creep strain in compressive CA is larger than that in tensile CA. In additional, the more the dislocations are induced, the sparser and more heterogeneous the overall distribution of precipitates becomes. For dynamic interplay, in the first stage of CA (I), under thermal-mechanical loading, the GP zones and η phases gradually nucleate and grow, while the effect of dislocation multiplication is dominant compared with dislocation annihilation, leading to an increase in total dislocation density. Soon, the dislocation movement is gradually hindered by tangling, pile-up, and the precipitates that have grown on the dislocation lines, this decreases the mobile dislocation density and results in a significant decrease in creep rate. In the second stage (II), the precipitates grow further, especially those lying on the dislocation lines;the effects of pinning and hindrance are enhanced until the dislocation multiplication and annihilation reach a dynamic equilibrium, and the total and mobile dislocation densities tend to be roughly unchanged, thus, the creep rate remains relatively constant in this stage.

Research Advances in Interplay of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Other Key Biological Factors Related to Pine Wilt Disease

The paper separately discusses interplay of pine wood nematode and several key biological factors related to pine wilt disease, such as host trees, insect vectors, fungi, symbiotic bacteria, and natural enemy acarid, etc. By virtue of so much complicated interplay among the biological factors related to pine wilt disease which is different from other forest disease, it also points out that the further researches about pine wilt disease should focus on interplay mechanism of key biological factors to discover pathogenic mechanism, and simple and quick inspection and quarantine methods.

iNID： An Analytical Framework for Identifying Network Models for Interplays among Developmental Signaling in Arabidopsis

Integration of internal and external cues into developmental programs is indispensable for growth and development of plants, which involve complex interplays among signaling pathways activated by the internal and external factors （IEFs）. However, decoding these complex interplays is still challenging. Here, we present a web-based platform that identifies key regulators and Network models delineating Interplays among Developmental signaling （iNID） in Arabidopsis. iNID provides a comprehensive resource of （1） transcriptomes previously collected under the conditions treated with a broad spectrum of IEFs and （2） protein and genetic interactome data in Arabidopsis. In addition, iNID provides an array of tools for identifying key regulators and network models related to interplays among IEFs using transcriptome and interactome data. To demonstrate the utility of iNID, we investigated the interplays of （1） phytohormones and light and （2） phytohormones and biotic stresses. The results revealed 34 potential regulators of the interplays, some of which have not been reported in association with the interplays, and also network models that delineate the involvement of the 34 regulators in the interplays, providing novel insights into the interplays collectively defined by phytohormones, light, and biotic stresses. We then experimentally verified that BME3 and TEM1, among the selected regulators, are involved in the auxin-brassinosteroid （BR）-blue light interplay. Therefore, iNID serves as a useful tool to provide a basis for understanding interplays among IEFs.

Interplay between hepatitis C virus and ARF4

Dear Editor, Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） with about 71 million people globally infected. HCV encodes only 10 viral proteins and its replication relies on host proteins. Many host factors including ADP-ribosylation factors （ARFs） have been characterized （Tai et al., 2009; Matto et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhou and Zhang, 2016）.

Nerve-heart interplays recorded in rabbit hearts in vivo

Neurotransmitter release from presynaptic cells can be recorded by postsynaptic potentials/currents in central nerve system. However, little is known about how to

Interplay公司

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PROMOTING INTERPLAY BETWEEN STUDY AND RESEARCH TO DEVELOP CREATIVITY IN ELT

This paper explores the advantages of research inrelation to ELT practice in China and in comparisonwith the other two sources of human knowledge,i.e.experience and reasoning.It then elaborates the fourkinds of study:receptive study,productive study,critical study and creative study and proposes a prac-tice of ever-advancing integration of different types ofstudy.It finally discusses possible relationships be-tween study and research and suggests research-basedstudy and study-oriented research as two potential ap-proaches to mutual stimulation between study and re-search in ELT practice in China.

Effects on Sedimentary Processes via Upper Triassic Climate Forcing Caused by Multiple Impacting and Large Igneous Provinces (LIP)-Rifting/Degassing: Jordanian Platform/Arabian Plate and Germanic Basin/Central Europe

Upper Triassic sedimentary systems of both the Arabian Plate and the Germanic Basin reveal climate- and plate tectonic-forced effects through certain time-intervals experienced by architectural elements, lithofacies types, unconformities, flash flood deposits, maximum flooding surfaces/sequence boundary (MFS/SB), mineralogy, and isotope anomalies. Further, Moon recession and changes of Earth’s rotation velocity (core/mantle boundary) are associated with multiple impacting and large igneous provinces/Mid Oceanic Ridge Basalt, LIP/MORB-rifting/degassing. While acidification (by degassing, sturz-rain) does influence tectosilicates and carbonates, montmorillonite represents a key mineral as transformation of volcanic/impact glass (Tephra) to be found as co-components in and in certain pelite units as “boundary clay-suspicions” (mixture of eolian paleoloess, pelite, paleosol, and tephra → tuffite). Obviously, unconformities and sequence boundaries of both study areas separate and dislocate interrupted ∂13C and 87Sr/86Sr-data groups along the isotope curves. Both Proto-Arctic Ocean rifting/degassing comprising kimberlitic pyroclastic eruptions and Neotethys rifting/degassing as well as multiple impacting played the most important role during the Norian, followed by the incipient Central Atlantic Magmatic Provinces rifting since the Rhaetian. The following associations are encountered and dealt with in this study: Sequence boundaries-∂13C, maximum flooding surfaces-(FUCs)-∂13C, unconformities-plate motion, tephra-pelite-tuffite-montmorillonite. Norian: maximum flooding surfaces (MFSs)-“paleosol”/boundary clay?-rifting-volcanism, Moon/Earth data change. So the Norian (~221 - 206 Ma) hosts anomalous “amalgamated maximum flooding surfaces (MFSs)”, amalgamated paleosol (Jordanian Platform), multiple impacting (~219 - 214 Ma), the maximum opening of the Proto-Arctic Ocean (PAO) (~230 - 200 Ma), Neo-Tethys (NT)-subvolcanic (sills, dikes) in the NE Dead Sea area prior the Rhaetian, and a significant change of Earth/Moon relation data. The study concludes that rare and extreme events are very strongly shaping the geologic constellations in the Earth System.

中国气象频道高清新闻网配音系统设计与实现

中国气象频道使用Avid高标清新闻制播网进行气象新闻节目的制作与播出。该系统部署了Avid公司的ISIS7000网络共享存储系统、Avid Interplay媒体生产管理平台、Avid iNEWS新闻文稿设备及Avid NewsCutter编辑工作站,构成完整的高清新闻生产制作与播出网络系统。从需求分析、系统设计、设备选型、项目实施等各个环节,介绍了Avid新闻制播系统中的配音子系统。新业务系统投入使用以来,以科学合理的设计、清晰明确的流程、简洁方便的操作,实现了高清新闻节目配音的网络化、信息化。

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:seeking linkages for global environmental governance

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.

Energy metabolism in cancer stem cells

Normal cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation as an effective energy source in the presence of oxygen.In contrast,most cancer cells use less efficient glycolysis to produce ATP and essential biomolecules.Cancer cells gain the characteristics of metabolic adaptation by reprogramming their metabolic mechanisms to meet the needs of rapid tumor growth.A subset of cancer cells with stem characteristics and the ability to regenerate exist throughout the tumor and are therefore called cancer stem cells(CSCs).New evidence indicates that CSCs have different metabolic phenotypes compared with differentiated cancer cells.CSCs can dynamically transform their metabolic state to favor glycolysis or oxidative metabolism.The mechanism of the metabolic plasticity of CSCs has not been fully elucidated,and existing evidence indicates that the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells is closely related to the tumor microenvironment.Targeting CSC metabolism may provide new and effective methods for the treatment of tumors.In this review,we summarize the metabolic characteristics of cancer cells and CSCs and the mechanisms of the metabolic interplay between the tumor microenvironment and CSCs,and discuss the clinical implications of targeting CSC metabolism.

北京电视台后期非线性编辑网络实施方案

为适应北京电视台对后期非线性编辑的需求,也为了更好地利用资源,搭建一个符合发展需要的后期非线性编辑网显得十分必要。目前,在非线性编辑网络化应用中最多见的是新闻编辑网,这样的网络要求是简单、时效、方便、共享素材。它与针对后期编辑的网络要求完全不同,后期编辑的网络要求是高效、稳定、高配置、大容量,能够完成复杂编辑,而且在编辑中保持系统稳定。它可能对节目素材的共享要求不高,但是要集中上下载,共享录像机、硬盘资源,比较好地提高了设备的使用效率,降低了成本。鉴于这个特点,在经过多个方案论证与比较之后,我们选择了由新奥特硅谷视频技术有限责任公司集成的Avid Unity ISIS网络解决方案。