Effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation on growth performance,intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, and microbiota of intra-uterine growth retarded weanling piglets

Background: The focus of recent research has been directed toward the probiotic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(BA) on the gut health of animals. However, little is known about BA's effects on piglets with intra-uterine growth retardation(IUGR). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of BA supplementation on the growth performance,intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, and microbiota of IUGR piglets.Methods: Eighteen litters of newborn piglets were selected at birth, with one normal birth weight(NBW) and two IUGR piglets in each litter(i.e., 18 NBW and 36 IUGR piglets in total). At weaning, the NBW piglet and one of the IUGR piglets were assigned to groups fed a control diet(i.e., the NBW-CON and IUGR-CON groups). The other IUGR piglet was assigned to a group fed the control diet supplemented with 2.0 g BA per kg of diet(i.e., IUGR-BA group). The piglets were thus distributed across three groups for a four-week period.Results: IUGR reduced the growth performance of the IUGR-CON piglets compared with the NBW-CON piglets. It was also associated with decreased vil us sizes, increased apoptosis rates, reduced goblet cel numbers, and an imbalance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the smal intestine. Supplementation with BA improved the average daily weight gain and the feed efficiency of the IUGR-BA group compared with the IUGR-CON group(P < 0.05). The IUGR-BA group exhibited increases in the ratio of jejunal vil us height to crypt depth, in ileal vil us height, and in ileal goblet cel density. They also exhibited decreases in the numbers of jejunal and ileal apoptotic cel s and ileal proliferative cel s(P < 0.05). Supplementation with BA increased interleukin 10 content, but it decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha level in the smal intestines of the IUGR-BA piglets(P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the IUGR-CON piglets, the IUGR-BA piglets had less Escherichia coli in their jejunal digesta, but more Lactobacil us and Bifidobacterium in their ileal digesta(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with BA improves morphology, decreases inflammatory response, and regulates microbiota in the smal intestines of IUGR piglets, which may contribute to improved growth performance during early life.

Impact of dietary L-arginine supply during early gestation on myofiber development in newborn pigs exposed to intra-uterine crowding

Background: Intra-uterine crowding(IUC) observed in hyperprolific sows impairs myofiber hyperplasia and overall fetal growth. Arginine supplementation(ARG) in gestation diets has been shown to positively affect litter and muscle development. The study objective was to assess whether the effect of ARG on offspring characteristics, with special emphasis on myofiber hyperplasia, differs under IUC conditions from these responses,because in that situation growth retardation is particularly prevalent due to reduced fetal nutrient supply.Unilateral oviduct ligation(OL) was used as a model for an uncrowded and hyperprolificacy(IN) as a model for a crowded intra-uterine environment.Methods: Five OL and five IN sows were fed a diet supplemented daily with either 43 g L-alanine(Ctrl) or 25 g L-arginine from d 14 to 28 of gestation in a cross-over design(two periods: 5^( th) and 6^( th) parity). At farrowing, two male and two female offspring, respectively, with a low and intermediate birth weight(BtW) were selected. After euthanization, the Semitendinosus muscle(STM) was removed and weighed, and the light and dark portions(STM_d and STM_l) were prepared for myofiber histochemistry using ATPase staining and the entire STM for gene expression analysis of myogenesis-related genes using RT-qPCR. In addition, various organs were removed and weighed. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model in SYSTAT.Results: No effect of either IUC or dietary treatment was found in litter characteristics. Offspring of ARG sows displayed a greater muscle area in STM(P < 0.01) as a result of the greater myofiber hyperplasia(P < 0.01). The increase was more distinct in the STM_l(P < 0.05) than in the STM_d(P = 0.131). Offspring of OL sows were heavier at birth(P < 0.01), had a heavier STM(P < 0.05), liver(P < 0.01) and kidney(P < 0.05), but when expressed relative to birth weight, these differences were absent. In addition, IUC had an effect(P < 0.05) on the expression of one of the myogenesis-related genes investigated.Conclusions: Independent from the extent of IUC, ARG improved Bt W, muscle and organ weights and myofiber hyperplasia in offspring.

Antioxidant capacity and concentration of redox-active trace mineral in fully weaned intra-uterine growth retardation piglets

Background： The redox status of intra-uterine growth retardation（IUGR） piglets post-weaning has been poorly studied.Methods： Newborns from twenty-four sows were weighted, weaned at 21 d and fed a starter diet until sampling.Sampling was done at 14 d post-weaning. A piglet was defined as IUGR when its birth weight was 2 SD below the mean birth weight of the total population. At weaning, eighteen piglets with nearly equal body weight from each category（i.e. IUGR or normal birth weight（NBW） piglets） were selected and then allocated to two treatments,consisted of six replicates with each pen having three piglets.Results： Compared with NBW group, IUGR significantly decreased average daily gain（P 〈 0.001）, average daily feed intake（P = 0.003）, and feed efficiency（P 〈 0.001） of piglets during the first two weeks post-weaning. IUGR decreased the activities of total antioxidant capacity（P = 0.019）, total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD, P = 0.023）,and ceruloplasmin（P = 0.044） but increased the levels of malondialdehyde（P = 0.040） and protein carbonyl（P = 0.010） in plasma. Similarly, the decreased activities of T-SOD（P = 0.005）, copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase（Cu/Zn-SOD, P = 0.002）, and catalase（P = 0.049） was observed in the liver of IUGR piglets than these of NBW piglets. IUGR decreased hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD activity（P = 0.023） per unit of Cu/Zn-SOD protein in piglets when compared with NBW piglets. In addition, IUGR piglets exhibited the decreases in accumulation of copper in both plasma（P = 0.001） and liver（P = 0.014）, as well as the concentrations of iron（P = 0.002） and zinc（P = 0.048） in liver. Compared with NBW, IUGR down-regulated m RNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD（P = 0.021） in the liver of piglets.Conclusions： The results indicated that IUGR impaired antioxidant capacity and resulted in oxidative damage in fully weaned piglets, which might be associated with the decreased levels of redox-active trace minerals. This study highlights the importance of redox status in IUGR offspring and provides a rationale for alleviating oxidative damage by dietary interventions aiming to supplement trace minerals and to restore redox balance in the future.

Barriers to Immediate Post-Partum Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device Uptake among Mothers Delivering at Meru Hospital

Global contraceptive use is at 64%, Africa lagging behind at 33.4%. Kenya has an unmet need for family planning at 23%. Hormonal injections are the most used in Africa at 9.8% and Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices at 3.8%. Low uptake of 3.4% was reported in Meru Hospital and lack of literature on immediate Post Partum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD) uptake. Immediate Post Partum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device is a long acting reversible contraceptive device inserted into the uterus immediately within 48 hours after delivery. The objective was to assess Barriers to Immediate Post-Partum Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device uptake among Mothers delivering in Meru Hospital. Descriptive research design was used and a population of 289 mothers was targeted. Sample size of 74 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science windows version 23.0. Descriptive analysis was used to obtain frequencies and percentages. Chi-square was used to test the relationship of study variables and presented in tables. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that provider related barriers such as none provision of the services and untimely counseling for the insertion had the highest impact to low uptake (57%). Clients lacked information where 68% reported that they were not counseled. Demographic and reproductive characteristics also played a role in low uptake. Using the chi square test, there was a significant relationship, P = 0.001 between young age of the mothers, unemployment (53%), low parity (56%) and low uptake. Preference for other alternative contraceptives (25.8%) such as hormonal methods was a barrier to the uptake. Therefore, barriers to PPIUCD uptake are provider related, alternative methods of contraception and client related such as lack of information, unemployment, young age and low parity. The findings will inform Meru hospital management on barriers to immediate PPIUCD uptake. The study recommends an investigation on why providers hinder PPIUCD uptake and create awareness on PPIUCD services to the community.

Intra-Uterine Proximal Loop Volvolus in Association with Ileal Atresia: A Pointer to Possible Aetiology of Small Bowel Atresias

Intrauterine diagnosis of small intestinal volvulus is extremely rare;a small bowel volvulus may be caused, by an atresia or malrotation, and it can also be an etiology for intestinal atresia. Early antenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal volvulus is difficult. Care full and meticulous prenatal radiological investigations in the experience hand may suggest the diagnosis. We present a male child who presented 9 hours after birth with gangrenous proximal dilated loop volvulus in a type III B intestinal atresia diagnosed intraoperative and was treated successfully. Presence of focal abdominal wall edema in a newborn with intestinal obstruction may suggest this diagnosis.

Evaluation of Insertion with the New Inserter of the Intra-Uterine Device of the Postpartum at the Referral Health Center of Commune II of Bamako, Mali

Background: In Mali, contraceptive prevalence is low, while the unmet need for family planning is very high. Postpartum contraception can help to significantly reduce these unsatisfied needs. The introduction of the intrauterine device (IUD) in the postpartum quickly encountered problems with the type of forceps used to make the insertions (Kelly or Heart forceps), and also their availability at the various health centers. Thus, in 2016, the Population Services International Mali (PSI-Mali) introduced the insertion of the IUD in the postpartum with the new inserter in order to counter this forceps problem and to contribute to guaranteeing the quality of postpartum IUD insertions. Objectives: They were to determine the frequency, the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and to report the side effects and the complications. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from September 1st 2016 to August 31st, 2018. All deliveries that met the eligibility criteria, having chosen and benefited the postpartum intra-uterine device with the new inserter were included. Results: During the 2 years, we recorded 73 cases of insertion of the postpartum intra-uterine device with the new inserter over 7797 clients meeting of the world health organization’s criteria of medical admissibility for the use of an intra-uterine device with a frequency of 0.93%. They were married in 97% of cases, large multiparous in 48% of cases, aged between 30 and 39 years in 62% of cases. We didn’t notice any complications in 96% of cases. Expulsion with 4% was the only complication. The clients didn’t have any side effects in 98% of cases. Conclusion: The insertion of a postpartum intra-uterine device with the new inserter has supplanted the insertion techniques using forceps in our center because of its ease and speed. Its use is worth being popularized to help reduce the unmet need for family planning.

DEMIS:管理信息系统开发环境

目前国内有相当数量的大、中、小型管理信息系统投入建设,如何保证系统质量,提高开发效率,降低系统投资。特别地,如何支持系统移植、运行和维护工作,需要认真加以研究。本文报导管理信息系统开发环境DEMIS的设计和实施成果,它就按类进行系统开发的方法学、工具和环境等方面进行了探讨和实践。

Placental Abruption Following Snakebites Envenomation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Snakebite envenomation in pregnancy is uncommon. It can lead to a poor outcome in both the mother and the fetus. We describe our approach to envenomation in pregnancy based on the currently available evidence. Case: We reported two case of snakebite in the third trimester of pregnancy having caused placental abruption with expelling a fresh still born baby and a live baby. In both cases, consumption coagulopathy occurred. managed by polyvalent anti-snake and blood transfusion. Their investigations became normal and they were discharged of hospitalization. Conclusion: Snakebite envenomation in pregnant is a maternal and fetal emergency. Treatment must be quick and well adapted.

觉囊派在卫藏地区式微的原因分析

The Jonang School,one of the important Tibetan Buddhist Schools,was founded by Mikyoi Dorje(mi bskyod rdo rje in Tibetan)in the Song Dynasty and formed in the early Yuan Dynasty.The name of the school came to be used as the fifth disciple of Mikyoi Dorje built the monastery in Jonang area.The central doctrine of this school is the"his empty vision"(gzhanstong in Tibetan).It became very popular in U-tsang areas and obtained a peak development during the Yuan Dynasty.has been always blamed that the is the key factor which caused the demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang Area.However,"his empty vision"was nitpicked and Jonang School was excluded from the other Tibetan Buddhist Schools,Jonang School,lack of support from secular world,tended to be decline.During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty,Taranata(1575-1634/1635?),great master of Jonang School,built Ganden Phuntsokling Monastery with support from the Tsangpakhan,and Jonang School became popular for a time.Even though these days Jonang School is still popular in Ngaba and Dartsedo of Sichuan,and Golok of Qinghai,but the Lingshak Nunnery is the only place where practice Jonang Tradition in Tibet Autonomous Region.It has been that the"his empty vision"(gzhanstong in Tibetan)was the main cause for the demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang area.Your authors,based on the historical materials such as the Autobiography of Taranatha,the Biography of the Fifth Dalai Lama,and the Biography of Jetsun Damba Khutuktu,believe that the actual causes of the declination and demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang are the hatred of the Fifth Dalai Lama for Taranatha and the son of Tuxie Tuhan of the Karkha Tribe's visit to Tibetan on the purpose of searching reincarnation.The Fifth Dalai Lama decisively converted the Jonang School into other schools of Tibetan Buddhism to consolidate his political power which in turn caused the demise of the Jonang Tradition in U-tsang area.

《亡明讲史》的南明书写与台静农的思想脉动——基于“南明”概念史的考察

“南明”不只是单纯的断代史概念,在概念的流变过程中,限于言说者的立场与目的,其“概念”内涵多次变换,变换背后隐含着彼时的时代气氛、社会价值导向与言说者的精神动向。抗战时期,面对家国之难,台静农以《民族英雄张苍水》为题呼应社会中的“南明热”,但充斥着党争与变节的“居今”体验又促使台静农通过频繁的文本“手术”对“南明”概念重新赋义。从“南明”到“晚明”再到“亡明”的概念变迁史,是台静农“大道多歧”现实经历的投影,也折射出台静农作为知识分子的身份焦虑与对历史复现的惶惶忧惧。因此,从概念史的角度发现并定格历史概念“南明”在文学中的显影时刻,方便理解作家创作时的叙事选择与技法结构,更有助于理解在动荡时期台静农等文人的精神旨归与思想脉动。

广西高龙孤立碳酸盐台地的生长发育模式

在二叠纪的南盘江盆地中发育着许多大大小小的孤立碳酸盐台地,高龙碳酸盐孤立台地是其中一个小型的孤立碳酸盐台地。在该孤立台地上,马平组珊瑚生物礁和茅口组海绵生物礁呈一种滑动面的形式接触,意味着高龙孤立台地具有极为独特的生长发育历史。横穿高龙孤立台地的区域性同生断裂———八渡—那棉断裂,把高龙孤立台地分割为南北两个不同的块体,该断层的南翼和北翼形成差异极大的地层系统。该同生断裂以及与其倾向相反的滑动面的共同作用使高龙孤立台地呈现出一个"地垒"的形态。构造作用以及沉积作用等方面呈现出独特的现象,表明高龙孤立台地的生长过程可能代表了一个特别的孤立碳酸盐台地的生长发育模式。

基于复小波邻域隐马尔科夫模型的图像去噪

多分辨信号和图像模型可用于捕获图像中平滑和奇异区域的统计结构,但是,基于正交小波变换的模型受到平移变化的影响从而降低了其准确性和实时性.本文将邻域隐马尔科夫模型LCHMM(LocalContextualHiddenMarkovModel)扩展到复小波的范围,提出了一种基于复小波的邻域隐马尔科夫模型C-LCHMM(LocalContextualHiddenMarkovModelBasedOnComplexWavelet),该模型具有近似平移不变性及分辨率高的特点、能够捕获小波系数的邻域的统计特征、且计算复杂度小.仿真试验表明基于复小波邻域隐马尔科夫模型(C-LCHMM)用于图像去噪的效果优于典型的去噪算法.

第二代小波在振动信号去噪中新方法的研究

在传统小波去噪中,小波分解的结果与所采用的小波基函数有关,一旦选用不适当的小波基函数会冲淡振动信号的局部特征信息,而造成原始信号的细节信息丢失。为了克服上述缺陷,WimSweldens博士提出了一种使用提升模式构造小波的方法。本文讨论了一种基于插值细分原理,利用奇偶空间的相关性的新的提升方法,并且通过对仿真信号的处理和对齿轮故障信号的降噪分析,证明了该方法在降噪方面的优越性。

双胎之一胎儿宫内死亡51例临床分析

目的:探讨双胎之一胎儿宫内死亡(sIUFD)的原因、临床处理及母婴预后。方法:回顾性分析2009～2012年在南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院住院分娩的51例sIUFD孕妇(sI-UFD组)的临床资料,同时随机抽取同期51例双胎均存活者作为对照组进行病例对照分析。结果:①sIUFD组胎儿畸形、胎儿生长受限(FGR)、双胎输血综合征(TTTS)、脐带扭转、单脐动脉发生率、辅助生殖技术(ART)受孕率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②sIUFD组发现一胎儿死亡平均孕周为28.7±6.4周,期待孕周中位数为3.1周,四分位数间距为13.1周。单绒毛膜双胎终止妊娠平均孕周为34.6±2.2周,双绒毛膜双胎为35.9±1.9周。③两组新生儿窒息发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均无围生儿死亡。sIUFD组随访47例,存活儿生长发育均正常,失访4例。结论:胎儿畸形、FGR、TTTS、脐带扭转和单脐动脉是sIUFD的主要原因,母体合并症及并发症与sIUFD的关系不明显,ART对sIUFD的影响有待进一步研究。单绒毛膜双胎期待治疗至妊娠34周、双绒毛膜双胎期待治疗至37周后,以改善新生儿预后。

论国家主权的让渡

全球化浪潮的兴起对传统国家主权理论产生挑战和冲击,国家主权让渡理论应运而生。学术界对该理论众说纷纭,莫衷一是。从国家主权可分理论出发,分析主权让渡的现实可能性。国家政治主权、经济主权、文化主权的部分让渡是国家主权让渡的具体表现。世界各国让渡部分主权要坚持国家主权平等原则,建立平等互利的国际关系,以谋求人类社会的长足发展。

单绒毛膜双胎选择性宫内生长受限七例临床分析

目的探讨单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎妊娠(MCDA)选择性宫内生长受限(sIUGR)一胎胎死宫内(sIUFD)可能发生的原因、孕期主要监测指标及围产儿预后。方法对2010年3月至2012年2月深圳市人民医院收治的双胎sIUGR且出现sIUFD的7例病例进行回顾性分析。统计sIUGR诊断时间,脐动脉、静脉导管等血流频谱及发现sIUFD的孕周,分娩后检查胎盘及脐带,随访围产儿预后。结果 7例病例诊断为sIUGR的平均孕周为23+4,出现脐动脉持续性舒张末期血流消失或反向(AREDF)至sIUFD间隔时间平均4+4周。脐动脉AREDF5例,静脉导管血流异常2例(与发现sIUFD间隔时间为3d及5d)。胎盘份额比值介于1:1～10:1,脐带过细、扭转、异常插入在死亡胎儿中分别为4例、2例、2例,存活儿中相应为2例、0例、1例。存活儿出生后出现神经系统损害1例。结论胎盘份额分配不均衡及脐带异常是双胎sIUGR发生sIUFD的原因之一,静脉导管血流异常是预测新生儿死亡较可靠的指标,存活儿出生后大多预后良好。

“三农三化”:从源头消除“三留守”的治本之路

1.6亿“三留守”人员规模巨大。农业现代化程度低、农村落后、城乡差距扩大、国家支农体系相对薄弱、农民收入低是农民工产生的经济社会基础,也是“三留守”产生、膨胀的源头。“三农三化”是“三留守”不再留守——从根本上解决问题的现实路径!

37例双胎一胎胎死宫内后存活儿预后分析

目的:通过分析双胎一胎胎死宫内(SIUFD)后存活儿的预后,探讨不同孕周及绒毛膜性双胎发生SIUFD后不同妊娠结局,并完善SIUFD的监测管理。方法:收集2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院分娩的SIUFD病例37例(剔除双胎输血综合征病例11例),对SIUFD病例进行回顾性分析,包括SIUFD的发生孕周、存活儿的期待治疗时间、发生死亡的原因及不同孕周和不同绒毛膜性存活儿的预后,并电话随访新生儿生长情况。结果:37例SIUFD的发生时间以孕早期多见,占64.86%(24/37);SIUFD发生后期待治疗的时间最短1天,最长231天,平均116天;死亡原因中脐带及胎盘异常造成的占32.43%(12/37),胎儿畸形占8.11%(3/37);存活胎儿早产(分娩孕周小于37周)的有9例,其中最小孕周32周,足月分娩28例;早产、新生儿窒息、急诊剖宫产、孕期并发症的发生率在单绒毛膜双胎均明显高于双绒毛膜双胎;同时SIUFD发生孕周>13周时其存活胎儿的早产、新生儿窒息、急诊剖宫产的发生率也大于≤13周的SIUFD。对中、晚孕期发生SIUFD的13例病例存活儿近1年的随访,未发现存活胎儿存在神经系统及其他器官的有关损伤表现。结论:SIUFD发生后存活胎儿的预后与SIUFD发生孕周及绒毛膜性有关,虽然本研究中暂未发现发生SIUFD后存活儿在单绒毛膜双羊膜中双胎出现比双绒毛膜双羊膜双胎更高的神经系统不良后遗症,但仍需要长期随访。

人工智能时代学校教育何去何从

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