Biogeographic characteristics of Zhesi brachiopod fauna and reconstruction of tectonopaleogeography of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block

The Kungurian-Capitanian （Permian） Zhesi branchiopod fauna is mainly composed of cold-water typed taxa with high diversity and abundance. This fauna is similar with the coeval brachiopod faunas from Ti- man-Pechora, Svalbard, and Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Boreal Realm, with no real ＂warm-water＂ species. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is a cold-water fauna and should be assigned to the Boreal Realm. Considering the paleogeographic characteristics of this fauna and the basic rationale of paleobiogeographie provinces being controlled by latitude-temperate, and that the above areas were located at 50°N -70°N in the global paleoclimate reconstruction map compiled by Boucot et al. , the paleo-latitude of the southern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, where developed the Zhesi brachiopod fauna, is suggested ranging from 40°N to 60°N. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is an endemic fauna, containing more than 75% endemic species and self-grouped as a biogeographic province, termed Inner Mongolia Province. These characteristics indicate that this area was closed or semiclosed at that time. On the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, the Herlen-Jiamusi Old-land as an obvious ＂continental barrier＂ hindered the northward migration of the Zhesi brachiopod fauna and the immigration of brachiopod species from other areas. The Tarim plate has collided with the Kazakhstan plate and the western part of South Tianshan-Beishan-Xar Moron Ocean has been closed. At the same time, the western margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was joined with the Tarim plate. The Xar Moron Ocean in south of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was wide e- nough and the ocean temperature rose gradually southward, so that it is not suitable for the cold-water brachiopods to survive and thrive on the northern margin of the North China plate. Thus, the ocean with large width and high temperature formed another natural barrier for the southward migration of the cold-water brachiopods.

华北板块北缘中二叠统于家北沟组植物化石及其大地构造意义

通过对内蒙古赤峰市广兴源乡于家北沟组模式剖面植物化石和安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩锆石UPb同位素年代学的研究,结合动物化石的分析,确认于家北沟组地质时代为中二叠世。于家北沟组植物化石以Gigantonoclea hallei Asama、Fascipteris sinensis Stockm.et Math.、Pecopteris taiyuanensis Halle、Pterophyllum daihoense Kaw.等众多华夏植物群典型分子为特征,属于典型的华夏植物群。目前,在中二叠世植物群中,从未发现有华夏和安加拉两大植物群的混生现象,这一事实进一步表明,中二叠世横亘于华北板块和佳蒙地块之间的古亚洲洋尚未闭合,在植物地理分布上起着重要的阻隔作用。

大兴安岭南段兴-蒙草原区二叠纪砂岩物源分析

对大兴安岭南部兴-蒙草原区二叠纪砂岩的统计研究表明,本区二叠纪砂岩主要为长石岩屑砂岩,大量非成熟组分为该区二叠纪砂岩的形成提供了物源。主量、微量和稀土元素特征指示,二叠纪砂岩物源区的构造背景主要为大陆岛弧环境,砂岩碎屑来自上地壳长英质源区。二叠纪砂岩的时代由老到新表现出由再旋回造山带向切割岩浆弧源区过渡的特征。结合沉积学特征,反映中、晚二叠世构造背景由活动陆缘逐渐趋于稳定,该时期记录了中亚造山带东段最终闭合的过程。

松辽盆地石炭系-二叠系油气勘探前景

通过区域地质背景分析,认为东北地区处于活动大陆边缘构造背景下,形成了石炭纪—二叠纪泛盆地,松辽盆地是在残留的石炭系—二叠系盆地之上形成和演化的,石炭系—二叠系分布面积达7.2×104km2。地球化学分析表明,二叠系以极低变质岩为主,泥岩的有机质成熟度和丰度较高,剩余生烃潜力普遍较低。盆地东部地区的二叠系泥岩厚度超过1000m,而成熟度低于北部和西部地区,处于过成熟阶段,至今仍具备生烃能力。上覆中生代地层沉积后,东部地区的二叠系泥岩有机质成熟度增幅较大,发生了二次生烃,生烃量巨大并得到有效保存,形成原生和次生油气藏,具有较好的勘探前景。

东北地区晚古生代海相地层属于大陆边缘沉积的确定

东北地区晚古生代海相地层围绕佳—蒙地块呈环带状分布。岩屑长石砂岩等非稳定型沉积发育,岩性横向变化较大,岩相不稳定,火山岩发育等说明其属于活动型沉积。从佳—蒙地块的核心到边缘缝合带可见有古陆—类陆表海—陆棚海—深海的较为明显岩相带变化。从环带状分布、活动型沉积和构造岩相带有规律分布等方面确定东北地区晚古生代海相地层属于佳—蒙地块的大陆边缘沉积。

东北及邻区晚古生代地层接触关系与佳-蒙地块的形成和演化

东北及邻区晚古生界及其相关地层间的接触关系含有丰富的大地构造信息,本文系统梳理了这些资料,用以阐述佳-蒙地块的形成与演化。佳-蒙地块南缘的西别河组、北缘的卧都河组及东缘的黑台组等晚志留世—早泥盆世地层底部均发育不整合(或非整合),揭示了东北地区曾经历了一次十分重要的大地构造运动,标志着佳-蒙地块的形成。区内泥盆纪—石炭纪和石炭纪—二叠纪地层之间多为整合接触,说明这一时期佳-蒙地块处于稳定沉降接受沉积阶段。佳-蒙地块南缘晚二叠世林西组底部的平行不整合界面及其上部的磨拉石建造,以及中—晚二叠世地层序列由海相向陆相的转化,表明林西组处于前陆盆地的沉积环境,标志着佳-蒙地块与华北板块发生碰撞拼合。佳-蒙地块南缘早三叠世卢家屯组底部的不整合及卢家屯组下部砾岩所具有的磨拉石建造特征,说明碰撞造山作用仍在持续进行,属于递进造山作用。晚三叠世大酱缸组底部的不整合,说明造山作用已经完成,佳-蒙地块独立发展的历程结束。

Lopingian mixed floras from Linxi Formation in Soron area,Inner Mongolia

A lot of well-preserved plants from the Linxi Formation are collected in the Soron area,Inner Mongolia,consisting of 34 species of 16 genera. They are Late Permian in age. The flora is characterized by a lot of Angaran plants,such as Paracalamites,Comia,Rhachiphyllum,Iniopteris,Rufloria,etc. Some Cathaysian elements,such as Lobatannularia lingulata,L. multifolia,Fascipteris Cathaysiantus,F. densata,Taeniopteris szei,Cladophlebis liulinensis and C. permica,are also mixed within the present flora. This indicates that the Soron of Inner Mongolia was located in the sector between the Angaran and Cathysian floristic provinces in Lopingian. It is beneficial for depicting the location and the evolution of the Solenker--Xar Moron suture zone in the phytogeographic view. The transmigration of tropical and subtropical Cathaysian plants to the north indicates that the Paleoasian Ocean was closed during the late Permian along the suture zone.

内蒙古白云鄂博上石炭—下二叠统阿木山组碎屑锆石年代学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古白云鄂博地区阿木山组砂岩的碎屑锆石LA—ICP—MSU—Pb同位素年代学分析结果显示，早二叠世阿木山组的碎屑锆石主要由古生代（354—479Ma）和元古宙（934—1941Ma）及少量的古元古一新太古代（2330～2688Ma）碎屑锆石组成。结合该组模式剖面的实测和照化石再研究，笔者认为，阿木山组合934～1941Ma碎屑锆石的砂岩物源来自于佳蒙地块，而非华北板块；含有Spha．eroschwagerina化石带的阿木山组应当属于佳蒙地块的大陆边缘沉积。这一认识对于研究西拉木伦河缝合带和古亚洲洋的构造演化、以及将内蒙古草原一松花江地层区划归佳蒙地层大区等具有重要意义。

紧紧抓住佳木斯市交通发展新机遇

佳木斯交通发展自1888年至2000年经历了四次大的变迁,与哈尔滨交通发展相比,在铁路、公路和地铁方面都存在巨大差距。佳木斯应依托"中蒙俄经济走廊"黑龙江陆海丝绸之路经济带的建设,构筑黑龙江省东北部地区综合交通门户枢纽地位,支撑黑龙江省对外开放的战略目标,形成辐射黑龙江省东部地区乃至东北亚地区的重要交通节点。

东北及邻区晚古生代大地构造属性新认识

哲斯腕足动物群是一个凉水型腕足动物群,土著种含量在75%以上,古生物地理区划属于北方生物地理大区的内蒙古区。自成一个地理区说明其北有重要地理隔绝:暗示存在一个较大地块(佳—蒙地块);凉水型性质则说明中二叠世这个稳定地块与华北板块之间存在一个足够宽的深海洋盆——古亚洲洋南支。在佳—蒙地块上,晚古生代地层发育较佳,保存较好。这些晚古生代地层围绕佳—蒙地块核心呈环带状分布,明显构成佳—蒙地块的大陆边缘沉积。在我国东北地区,出露的晚古生代海相地层主要为佳—蒙地块的南缘和北缘沉积。根据目前已有资料统计,中生代为东北及邻区花岗岩侵位的峰期,志留纪—泥盆纪为花岗岩浆活动相对沉寂的时期,花岗岩的这种侵位时代特征支持晚古生代存在一个稳定地块的设想。东北地区晚古生代地层主体未见遭受低绿片岩相区域变质的迹象,说明这一地区晚古生代地层主体未曾发生过强烈的褶皱造山、普遍的区域变质的地槽发展过程。东北及邻区为天然地震弱震区,其周缘被锡霍特—珲春、蒙古—鄂霍次克、阿尔泰—华北北缘强地震带所围,似乎可以得出这是一个构造相对稳定的区域、其间不曾存在晚古生代以来的板块构造缝合线的结论。东北地区中、新生代发生的大规模拆离—走滑使得原本较为完整的、稳定的块体发生了分割与位移。如此,一个完整的地块被切割成多个块体(即所称的众多"微板块")。东北及邻区晚古生代构成了一个巨大地块:佳—蒙地块。佳—蒙地块是北由蒙古—鄂霍次克缝合带、南由西拉木伦河—延吉缝合带、东由中锡霍特俯冲带所围限的一个晚古生代稳定的大地构造单元。

Tectonic implications of Late Paleozoic stratigraphic distribution in Northeast China and adjacent region

An analysis of the distribution of the Late Paleozoic strata on Northeast China and adjacent region reveals a zonal pattern of the distribution around the core of the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block. The main part of Late Paleozoic marine strata in this area is co

吉中地区晚古生代腕足动物古生物地理与环境的协同演化

吉中地区发育了普里道利期—洛霍考夫期Retziella、杜内期通气沟组以及空谷期—沃德期哲斯等腕足动物群。前两者属于"暖水"动物群、后者属于"凉水"动物群。同时参考珊瑚和等动物群分析,说明吉中地区从普里道利期至阿瑟尔期发育"暖水"动物群,从空谷期到沃德期发育"凉水"动物群。"凉、暖"转换是以寿山沟组的Monodiexodina动物群为代表,发生在萨克马尔期。"凉、暖"水动物群的发育及其转换是构造古地理与气候变化双重因素导致的结果。晚志留世—早泥盆世,西伯利亚板块、哈萨克斯坦板块、佳-蒙地块均位于中—低纬度带。吉中地区晚志留世—早泥盆世(乃至中泥盆世)腕足动物群属于"暖水"动物群,古生物地理区划属于中-澳生物地理区。石炭纪,东欧板块东北缘、哈萨克斯坦板块大部分地区、佳-蒙地块南缘属于特提斯洋北缘构造域,发育了特提斯洋北缘腕足动物群,形成了特提斯北缘生物地理区,吉中地区腕足动物群属于这一生物地理区。空谷期—沃德期凉水型哲斯腕足动物群的形成是由于佳-蒙地块西端与塔里木板块以及华北板块西端拼合,形成了西拉木伦洋构造域,以及此时期全球降温事件导致的结果。古生物地理、构造古地理以及古气候之间的协同演化关系表明吉中地区晚古生代地层应属于佳-蒙地块南缘的大陆边缘沉积。

Distribution of Tuvaella Brachiopod Fauna and Its Tectonic Significance

Tuvaella brachiopod fauna are distributed in an arc in three areas, including the Zeya-Hailar （海拉尔）-Shinejinst area, the Najramdal Uul-Kyzyl area, and the Barkol-Fuyun （富蕴） area. The Tuvaella fauna in the Zeya-Hailar-Shinejinst area are distributed in the northern margin of Jiamusi （佳木斯）-Mongolia block along the Mongolia-Okhotsk suture between the Siberia plate and the Jiamusi-Mongolia block but not appear in the corresponding Siberia plate. The Tuvaella fauna in the Najramdal Uul-Kyzyl area are distributed in the southwestern part of the Siberia plate as the accelerated fold belts during the Salairian-Caledonian periods, and those in the Barkol-Fuyun area are distributed in the northeastern margin of Kazakhstan plate. They are distributed along the Irtysb suture between the Siberia plate and the Kazakhstan plate. The Tuvaeila fauna became domestic fauna during the Wenlock and Pridoli （Middle-Late Silurian） and form a unique biogeographic province, i.e., the Mongolia-Okhotsk Province. This biogeographic province is sustained to the Mississippian （Carboniferous）, perhaps due to the semiclosed state of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. The northeastern margin （right now the southwestern margin） of Siberia plate, the northern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia block, and the northeastern margin of Kazakhstan plate might be conjuncted in an arc region from Wenlock to Mississippian, along the southern margin of the Irtysh-Mid Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. This is coincident with the fact that the Siberia plate rotated 180° clockwise since the Mesozoic and located in the middle-high latitude during Devonian, and the coral reef limestone is widely developed in the Jiamusi- Mongolia block during the Early and Middle Devonian, which suggests that the block was positioning in middle-lower latitude at that time and that the Kazakhstan plate was also located in low latitude then.