The Impact of Syrian Crises on the Jordanian External Trade

Jordan＇s economy is influenced significantly by events taking place in the region, and many successive events in the region occurred during the past two decades, resulted in successive waves of migrations in large numbers to Jordan. The Syrian crisis impact goes beyond the waves of refugees but extended to influence the trade routes to and from Jordan through Syrian route and ports. This research aims to analyze the impact of the Syrian crisis on the Jordanian trade through the use of regression analysis and the use of dummy variable to reflect the Syrian crisis, analyzed the monthly data for the period 2005-2015. In addition, it has used other statistical methods such as records, and has been the Syrian crisis impact analysis on the volume of trade, imports, total export, re-exported, and the national exports. In spite of the lack of trade stop with Syria completely, study showed that there is a significant decline in the trade exchange between Jordan and Syria, but the Syrian crisis may affect the Jordanian imports, the trade volume, trade balance while the study did not show any trace of the Syrian crisis on the national exports. Finally, the study recommends that there are needs for analytical studies and the use of econometric models to demonstrate the impact of the Syrian crisis measures on all sectors and on the sets of Jordanian goods imported and exported.

The Investigation of Jordanian Education Ministry Employees’ Attitude toward the Using of Cloud ERP

ERP systems have become an optimal solution for companies to perform their works with maximum advantages of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP). Moreover, even though the cloud computing has many obstacles which need to be solved, but the enterprises always embrace the cloud. Many enterprises tend to adopt the cloud computing paradigm in order to get its leverage in successful and benefits. With the development of cloud computing technology, there is a growing orientation to move the ERP from inside boundaries of organizations into the cloud computing technologies. In addition, there were many studies that covered the cloud ERP without concentrating on acceptance the end user for this technology. Thus, this study comes to increase the understanding the attitude of the end user for cloud ERP technology. The main aim of this study is to investigate the employees’ attitude towards use of cloud ERP. The conceptual research framework of cloud ERP is prepared based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The employees of Queen Rania Center (QRC) in Jordanian Education Ministry used the cloud ERP system which implemented according to this study. The questionnaires are distributed online to the sample. The results indicate that the QRC employees enjoyed using the cloud ERP system.

The Pragmatics of Space Expressions in Spoken Jordanian Arabic

This study aims at studying space expressions in Spoken Jordanian Arabic （SJA）. Moreover, it aims at discussingthe pragmatics of space expressions in SJA. The researchers use two methods to collect colloquial spaceexpressions. Firstly, the researchers use eight specific images for a little girl who is asked to determine her position.Secondly, space expressions are extracted through unstructured interviews and general observations. It has beenfound that using space expressions is vital for speakers. Moreover, some space expressions do not carry a pragmaticfunction. Some of space expressions may express different pragmatic functions, such as hospitality, threat, andencouragement. Some of the colloquial space expressions are culture-specific; they would not be clear apart fromtheir culture, since they might not be found in another dialect or language.

Implementation of the Attributes of Exponential Organization by Jordanian Services Companies

This research is examining the degree of implementation of the attributes of exponential organization by Jordanian services companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange(ASE);around 68 companies will be examined,through their annual changes of their increase on their budget over the last 11 years.The change and increase of their annual budgets or the total value of these companies will be a great indicator for exponential trend and behaviour of these companies.The study is an attempt to examine the degree that companies listed in ASE follow internal characteristics of EXOs developed by Ismail Salim and do the capital structure of EXOs differed from the capital structure listed in ASE.

The Role of External Auditor in Protecting the Financial Information Listed in the Financial Statements in the Jordanian Industrial Companies

This study aims to know the role of external auditor in protecting the financial information listed in the financial statements in the Jordanian industrial companies. The sample of this study consisted of 70 auditors who work for Jordanian industrial companies, whereas a questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to them. A total of 68 questionnaires were received that are valid for statistical analysis accounting for 97% of the overall distributed questiormaires; and the questionnaires have been analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results of the study revealed that the external auditor uses the information technology in examining the financial information listed in the financial statements. Also, it was found that the external auditor is keen to ensure the credibility of the financial statements of the company. The study recommended the external auditor in the Jordanian industrial companies to be more interested in updating the company＇s electronic financial system.

On the optimization of froth flotation by the use of an artificial neural network

A multi layered, feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to study the effect of feed mean size, collector dosage and impeller speed on flotation recovery and grade. The results of 30 flotation experiments conducted on Jordanian siliceous phosphate were used for training the network while another 10 experiments were used for validation. Simulation results showed that a four layer network with a [9 11 5 9 2] architecture was the one that gave the least mean squared error (MSE). Using this ANN to optimize the flotation process showed that the optimum flotation parameters were 321.28 μm for the feed mean size, 0.7354 kg/TOF for the collector dosage and 1225.25 RPM for the impeller speed. Studying the effect of these parameters on flotation recovery and grade was done by analysis of variance, ANOVA. The results showed that grade was more sensitive to changes in flotation parameters than was recovery. They also showed that changes in collector dosage had a more significant effect on flotation grade and recovery than did changes in feed mean size or impeller speed.

Phanerozoic Quartz Arenite Formation and Sequence-Analytical Patterns: Indirectly Relating to Major Impacting and Super Plume Volcanism, Jordan, Arabian Plate

This paper deals with indirect effects of major impacting throughout the Early Paleozoic resp. with those of super plume activity during the Early Cretaceous, both applied to the siliciclastic series of Jordan deposited on the Arabian Platform, Arabian Plate. Its focus is mainly directed on gases released by both processes (CO2, SO2, NOx, HCl, HF) and the relating acids, challenged by experiments and microscopic analysis of grain mounts and thin sections that reveal chemical instability of quartz and ultrastable heavy minerals (i.e. tourmaline) under high acidity (pH °C - 90°C). According to Lopatin’s Time/Temperatur-Index the Lower Cambrian reached the onset of hydrocarbon generation (liquid window) during the Lower Early Cretaceous. Unstable heavy minerals (apatite, garnet, hornblende, epidote, zoisite/clinozoisite) are generally absent in quartz arenites while in arkosic sandstones of marine environment carbonate cement and primary clay minerals (illite) provide conservation. As known since the eighties, the K/T-event’s indirect effects had global influence on Earth’s surface sediments and atmospheric chemistry by wildfires, hot whirl storms, acidic “sturz rain”, dust, soot, darkness, loss of photosynthesis, toxic metals, gases and relating acids. All of them are here concerned and applied to major impacting throughout the Early Paleozoic using the impact data of Price (2001);while superplume volcanism during Cretaceous led to the opening of the South Atlantic accompanied by the cyclic outflow of the Para?a/Etendeka Flood Basalts and relating gases in a gigantic scale (137 - 127 Ma). Assuming that the gases cause similar global effects on Earth’s surface sediments, an according result may be expected in form of quartz arenites and their sequence-analytical patterns (cyclic SBs, MFSs).*

A comparison of anionic and cationic flotation of a siliceous phosphate rock in a column flotation cell

Flotation performance of a de-slimed（-150＋53μm）Jordanian siliceous phosphate was evaluated in a batch laboratory flotation column 100 cm high and 5 cm inside diameter.The collector used during anionic flotation was sodium oleate while an amine acetate（AEROMINE 3100C）was used for cationic flotation.Flotation comparison at different collector dosage,superficial gas velocity,and frother concentration showed that the maximum difference in performance between cationic and anionic flotation was obtained with these flotation parameters：30×10^（-6）（mg/L）frother concentration,250 g/t collector concentration,and 3.4 cm/s superficial gas velocity.At these operating conditions amine （cationic）flotation gave 7%higher flotation recovery,a 6%cleaner concentrate grade,and was 6%more efficient at removing silica.

The Ideal Usage of Sustainable Materials and Local Resources of the Interior Space Design in Jordan

Buildings generate a large amount of waste throughout their life cycles, from construction and building operations to demolition. The amount of waste leaving the properly can be reduced, however, through responsible procurement choices, as well as by implementing comprehensive recycling programs throughout the construction, operation, and demolition phases. Consideration for materials and resources focuses on the health and productivity consequences of material selections for building occupants, plus the long term social, economic, and environmental impacts of materials used in the design and construction of the building. Green building addresses two kinds of problems related to materials and resources： waste management and life-cycle impacts. This issue has been discussed by many professionals and researchers and it seems this problem is more likely existed in not developing countries comparing with developing countries. The lack of selecting the right materials, have not been well taken into the consideration. Researchers have developed a number of assumptions that helps to resolve the research problems, which includes the application of the green material and resource in the Jordauian interior designs to provide a healthy environment to the interior spaces. Therefore, the paper aims to search for the possibilities of proposing some indicators using sustainable material and resource in the of internal Jordanian spaces. The theoretical part goes through a brief study to definition of sustainable material and resource in Jordan, and its uses in all the elements of internal and emphasis about the traditional symbols to preserve the identity of Jordan, then we going through the uses of the material and resources by analyses examples of the green interior spaces in Jordan.

Study on a Heritage Town in the Northern Badia of JordanmAI Aqeb

This field study in AI aqeb town and its surroundings is a result of joint research between two scientific fields： anthropology and architecture, where the researchers interested in the local community in terms of social, stability method, patterns of production and its transformations, as well as in physical culture for population in traditional, heritage and modern housing, and the reason to choose AI aqeb is to test the stability of the nature of pastoral groups in A1 aqeb basin and valley which are available on pastures and water sources and the remains of ancient centers of human settlement which provides building materials to create traditional dwellings made up of basalt stones and mud where the researcher use the field surveys methodology in the target area through field trips and description of heritage sites and architectural field studies methodology in terms of description, analysis and measuring and drawing. And study populations and pastoral aspects, features of the surface and material evidence. The Bedouin human interacts with its environment depending on its own style in simple techniques to meet his basic needs of physical, cultural and the need for shelter and housing.

The Effect of Self-Questioning Strategy on EFL Tenth-Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension

This study investigated the effect of the self-questioning strategy on English as a Foreign Language(EFL)for tenth-grade students’reading comprehension.A quasi-experimental design with two groups was employed.The researcher randomly assigned two whole sections of grade 10 from Al Samtt Secondary school for Boys,a public school,Directorate of Education in Irbid(AL Kora Directorate of Education).First,the experimental group of 25 students selected and second the control group of 25 students was selected.To achieve the purpose of the study,a pre-/post reading comprehension test was designed.In addition,self-questioning strategywas used to teach the experimental group,whereas a control group was taught by the conventional teaching strategies,as suggested in the Teacher’s Book.Results showed that there were significant statistically differences between the control and the experimental groups in favor of the experimental group.Considering the research results,the researcher recommended to use self-questioning strategy on different EFL skills and different levels of students.Teachers also should enroll in in-service training courses that provide more information about the curriculum revisions and programs that focus on improving their questioning abilities.

The Effect of “Think-Talk-Write” Strategy on EFL Tenth-Grade Students’ Writing Performance

This study investigated the effect of“Think-Talk-Write strategy”on English as a Foreign Language(EFL)tenth-grade students'writing performance.A quasi-experimental design with two groups was employed.The researcher randomly assigned two whole sections of grade 10 from Al-Kharaj Secondary School for Boys.The first section was chosen as the experimental group with(20)students,and the second as the control group with(20).To achieve the purpose of the study,a pre/post writing performance test was designed.In addition,Think-Talk-Write(TTW)strategy was used to teach the experimental group,whereas a control group was taught by the conventional teaching strategies,as suggested in the teacher's book.Results revealed that TTW strategy enhanced students’writing performance.In light of the research results,the researcher recommends to use TTW strategy on other genres of writing.

The Effect of Inquiry-Based Learning Strategy on EFL Tenth-Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension

This study examined the potential effect of Inquiry-Based Learning Strategy(IBL)on the tenth-grade students’reading comprehension.Two groups and a quasi-experimental design were used.Two complete sections of grade 10 students from a public Secondary School for Girls in Irbid was randomly assigned by the researcher.The experimental group of 30 students was chosen first,and then the control group of 30 students.A pre-post reading comprehension test was designed before and after the study in order to fulfill its goals.Additionally,the experimental group was taught using the IBL strategy,whereas the control group was taught using the traditional teaching methods recommended in the tenth-grade Teacher’s Book.According to the findings,there were significant statistical differences favoring the experimental group over the control group.In light of the findings,the researcher recommended employing the IBL strategy to students with various levels and EFL skills.

约旦穆斯林兄弟会与约旦政权关系分析

埃及穆兄会于1945年在约旦哈希姆王国建立了其支部--约旦穆兄会,约旦穆兄会自成立很长一段时间以来一直作为"忠诚的反对派"、合法参与约旦公共政治生活的伊斯兰政党代表,在约旦众多反对党派中占据主导地位。约旦穆兄会一直与约旦政权保持着较为良好的竞争-合作-共生关系,其与约旦政权之间的关系经历了数个不同阶段,大体可划分为联盟与扶持、共生与遏制、对抗与压制三个时期。随着地区局势的变幻与穆兄会自身实力的削弱,加之穆兄会政治角色由"忠诚的反对派"到"强硬的反对派"的转换,双方之间的裂痕不断加深,逐渐由共生合作走向对抗。

On the Derivation of Subject wh-Words and Theory of Cartography

In this article,we examine the syntactic derivation of subject wh-words in Jordanian Arabic.Firstly,we provide empirical evidence that questions with a subject wh-word are syntactically derived by overt movement of the given subject wh-word to the left periphery.This empirical evidence is based on the position of the subject wh-words to the left of the high IP adverbials,including epistemic adverbials and evidentials,as well as the position of the subject wh-words relative to topical elements.Secondly,we examine the intriguing ban on the use of subject wh-words in VSO sentences although non-interrogative subjects are permitted to occur in such clauses,and other wh-words may appear in their thematic positions(given the appropriate context).We show that this ban results from the effects of a proposed economy-driven condition that disallows the use of an expletive(to fill Spec,TP)while the thematic subject is available(in Spec,vP).Additionally,we show that this ban results from the interactions of the effects of criterial freezing and the conditions that licence elements in the low IP area.

e^(At)四种计算方法的比较

状态转移矩阵eAt在现代控制理论与工程技术以及常系数微分方程组理论中有着非常重要的应用.通过一个实例,给出计算状态转移矩阵eAt的四种不同的方法:矩阵指数函数展开法,Jordan标准形法,待定系数法,Laplace变换法.笔者论述了各种计算方法的基本步骤及计算的难点与要点,经过分析对比,最后给出最优选择.