BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors,including diabetes,which results in an increased atherosclerotic burden,but the precise mechanisms for the occu...BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors,including diabetes,which results in an increased atherosclerotic burden,but the precise mechanisms for the occurrence and development of diabetic atheroscerosis have not been fully elucidated.AIM To summarize the potential role of retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) in the pathogenesis of diabetic atheroscerosis,particularly in relation to the RBP4-Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway.METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,including a control group(NC group),diabetic rat group(DM group),and diabetic atherosclerotic rat group(DA group).The contents of total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLc), fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose,and hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1 c)were measured.Moreover,the adipose and serum levels of RBP4,along with the expression levels of JAK2, phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2), STAT3,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), and Cyclin D1 in aortic tissues were also measured.Besides,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and atherogenic indexes(AI) were calculated.RESULTS Compared with the NC and DM groups,the levels LDL-c,TG,TC,FINS,HOMAIR,RBP4,and AI were upregulated,whereas that of HDL-c was downregulated in the DA group(P <0.05);the mRNA levels of JAK2,STAT3,Cyclin D1,and Bcl-2 in the DA group were significantly increased compared with the NC group and the DM group;P-JAK2,p-JAK2/JAK2 ratio,p-STAT3,p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio,Cyclin D1,and Bcl-2 at protein levels were significantly upregulated in the DA group compared with the NC group and DM group.In addition,as shown by Pearson analysis,serum RBP4 had a positive correlation with TG,TC,LDL-c,FINS,HbA1 C,p-JAK2,p-STAT3,Bcl-2,Cyclin D1,AI,and HOMA-IR but a negative correlation with HDL-c.In addition,multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that serum RBP4,p-JAK2,p-STAT3,and LDL-c were predictors of the presence of diabetic atherosclerosis.CONCLUSION RBP4 could be involved in the initiation or progression of diabetic atherosclerosis by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.展开更多
Free fatty acids(FFAs)play important roles in cardiovascular disease.Studies have shown that it is an important way for FAs to exert biological effects through their own receptors besides directly participating bioche...Free fatty acids(FFAs)play important roles in cardiovascular disease.Studies have shown that it is an important way for FAs to exert biological effects through their own receptors besides directly participating biochemical reaction in body.Free fatty acid receptor 2(FFA2)can be activated by short-chain FAs and is involved in inflammatory reactions and lipid accumulation.Since the known pathological changes caused by FFA2 are also implicated in cardiac hypertrophy,we hypothesized that FFA2 might be pathogenic in cardiac hypertrophy.This paper showed that FFA2 expression significantly increased in cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro.FFA2 agonist 4-CMTB or TUG-1375 promoted the expression of the hypertrophy markers ANF and BNP and increased cell surface area in vitro,which was further strengthened by FFA2 overexpression,suggesting that FFA2 might contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Furthermore,4-CMTB treatment or FFA2 overexpression combined with 4-CMTB treatment elevated the phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of GATA4 and STAT3,which were inhibited by an ERK1/2 inhibitor,and GATA4 and STAT3 knockdown inhibited the elevation of hypertrophy biomarkers in cardiomyocytes treated with 4-CMTB.Taken together,these data indicate that FFA2 can enhance cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by activating STAT3 and GATA4 via ERK1/2,providing a potential new target for therapy.展开更多
Bone defects and non-union are prevalent in clinical orthopedy,and the outcomes of current treatments are often suboptimal.Bone tissue engineering offers a promising approach to treating these conditions effectively.B...Bone defects and non-union are prevalent in clinical orthopedy,and the outcomes of current treatments are often suboptimal.Bone tissue engineering offers a promising approach to treating these conditions effectively.Bone morphogenetic protein 9(BMP9)can commit mesenchymal stem cells to osteogenic lineage,and a knowledge of the underlying mechanisms may help advance the field of bone tissue engineering.Leucine-rich repeats con-taining G protein-coupled receptor 4(LGR4),a member of G protein-coupled receptors,is essential for modulating bone development.This study is aimed at investigating the impact of LGR4 on BMP9-induced osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells as well as the underlying mechanisms.Bone marrow stromal cells from BMp9-knockout mice exhibited diminished LGR4 expression,and exogenous LGR4 clearly restored the impaired osteogenic potency of the bone marrow stromal cells.Furthermore,LGR4 expression was increased by BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells.LGR4 augmented the benefits of BMP9-induced osteogenic markers and bone formation,whereas LGR4 inhibition restricted these effects.Meanwhile,the BMP9-induced li-pogenic markers were increased by LGR4 inhibition.The protein levels of Raptor and p-Stat3 were elevated by BMP9.Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression attenuated the osteoblastic markers and LGR4 expression brought on by BMP9.LGR4 significantly reversed the blocking ef-fect of Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression on the BMP9-induced osteoblastic markers.Raptor interacts with p-Stat3,and p-Stat3 activates the LGR4 promoter activity.In conclusion,LGR4 boosts BMP9 osteoblastic potency in mesenchymal stem cells,and BMP9 may up-regulate LGR4 via the mTORC1/Stat3 signal activation.展开更多
目的观察血管软化丸对miRNA-155(miR-155)及细胞因子信号转导抑制剂l(suppressor of cytokine signaling 1,SOCS1)-磷酸化转录激活子3(phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,p-STAT3)-程序性细胞凋亡因子...目的观察血管软化丸对miRNA-155(miR-155)及细胞因子信号转导抑制剂l(suppressor of cytokine signaling 1,SOCS1)-磷酸化转录激活子3(phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,p-STAT3)-程序性细胞凋亡因子4(programmed cell death 4,PDCD4)信号通路和下游炎症因子的影响。方法体内实验中,将ApoE-/-小鼠分为模型组,miR-155抑制剂组,miR-155模拟物组,血管软化丸高、低剂量组;干预8周后观察小鼠主动脉病理变化,RT-PCR法检测小鼠主动脉miR-155、SOCS1、p-STAT3、PDCD4 mRNA表达水平,ELISA法检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、干扰素-γ(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)水平。体外实验中,将RAW264.7细胞随机分为对照组(空白血清)、miR-155抑制剂组、miR-155模拟物组、血管软化丸含药血清组;经药物血清干预后,RT-PCR法检测细胞miR-155、SOCS1、p-STAT3、PDCD4 mRNA表达水平。结果体内实验显示,miR-155模拟物组,血管软化丸高、低剂量组小鼠主动脉粥样硬化病变程度较模型组明显减轻;与模型组相比,miR-155模拟物组,血管软化丸高、低剂量组主动脉miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),p-STAT3、PDCD4 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),血清TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ水平较模型组明显降低(P<0.05)。体外实验显示,与对照组比较,miR-155模拟物组、血管软化丸含药血清组RAW264.7细胞miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),p-STAT3和PDCD4 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论血管软化丸抗动脉粥样硬化的机制可能是通过miR-155调控SOCS1/STAT3/PDCD4信号通路影响炎症因子水平。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81800713 and No.81971264The Project of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.1808085QH292Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.WK9110000041。
文摘BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors,including diabetes,which results in an increased atherosclerotic burden,but the precise mechanisms for the occurrence and development of diabetic atheroscerosis have not been fully elucidated.AIM To summarize the potential role of retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) in the pathogenesis of diabetic atheroscerosis,particularly in relation to the RBP4-Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway.METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,including a control group(NC group),diabetic rat group(DM group),and diabetic atherosclerotic rat group(DA group).The contents of total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLc), fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose,and hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1 c)were measured.Moreover,the adipose and serum levels of RBP4,along with the expression levels of JAK2, phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2), STAT3,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), and Cyclin D1 in aortic tissues were also measured.Besides,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and atherogenic indexes(AI) were calculated.RESULTS Compared with the NC and DM groups,the levels LDL-c,TG,TC,FINS,HOMAIR,RBP4,and AI were upregulated,whereas that of HDL-c was downregulated in the DA group(P <0.05);the mRNA levels of JAK2,STAT3,Cyclin D1,and Bcl-2 in the DA group were significantly increased compared with the NC group and the DM group;P-JAK2,p-JAK2/JAK2 ratio,p-STAT3,p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio,Cyclin D1,and Bcl-2 at protein levels were significantly upregulated in the DA group compared with the NC group and DM group.In addition,as shown by Pearson analysis,serum RBP4 had a positive correlation with TG,TC,LDL-c,FINS,HbA1 C,p-JAK2,p-STAT3,Bcl-2,Cyclin D1,AI,and HOMA-IR but a negative correlation with HDL-c.In addition,multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that serum RBP4,p-JAK2,p-STAT3,and LDL-c were predictors of the presence of diabetic atherosclerosis.CONCLUSION RBP4 could be involved in the initiation or progression of diabetic atherosclerosis by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760058,81560059,81660042,31800891)the Scientific Research Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province(No.C2017025)+1 种基金the Project of Medical and Health Science and Technology of Shaoxing City(No.2020A13063)the Startup Fund for Research of Shaoxing University(No.20205021)。
文摘Free fatty acids(FFAs)play important roles in cardiovascular disease.Studies have shown that it is an important way for FAs to exert biological effects through their own receptors besides directly participating biochemical reaction in body.Free fatty acid receptor 2(FFA2)can be activated by short-chain FAs and is involved in inflammatory reactions and lipid accumulation.Since the known pathological changes caused by FFA2 are also implicated in cardiac hypertrophy,we hypothesized that FFA2 might be pathogenic in cardiac hypertrophy.This paper showed that FFA2 expression significantly increased in cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro.FFA2 agonist 4-CMTB or TUG-1375 promoted the expression of the hypertrophy markers ANF and BNP and increased cell surface area in vitro,which was further strengthened by FFA2 overexpression,suggesting that FFA2 might contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Furthermore,4-CMTB treatment or FFA2 overexpression combined with 4-CMTB treatment elevated the phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of GATA4 and STAT3,which were inhibited by an ERK1/2 inhibitor,and GATA4 and STAT3 knockdown inhibited the elevation of hypertrophy biomarkers in cardiomyocytes treated with 4-CMTB.Taken together,these data indicate that FFA2 can enhance cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by activating STAT3 and GATA4 via ERK1/2,providing a potential new target for therapy.
基金All animal experiments were approved by The Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University(No.2022030).
文摘Bone defects and non-union are prevalent in clinical orthopedy,and the outcomes of current treatments are often suboptimal.Bone tissue engineering offers a promising approach to treating these conditions effectively.Bone morphogenetic protein 9(BMP9)can commit mesenchymal stem cells to osteogenic lineage,and a knowledge of the underlying mechanisms may help advance the field of bone tissue engineering.Leucine-rich repeats con-taining G protein-coupled receptor 4(LGR4),a member of G protein-coupled receptors,is essential for modulating bone development.This study is aimed at investigating the impact of LGR4 on BMP9-induced osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells as well as the underlying mechanisms.Bone marrow stromal cells from BMp9-knockout mice exhibited diminished LGR4 expression,and exogenous LGR4 clearly restored the impaired osteogenic potency of the bone marrow stromal cells.Furthermore,LGR4 expression was increased by BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells.LGR4 augmented the benefits of BMP9-induced osteogenic markers and bone formation,whereas LGR4 inhibition restricted these effects.Meanwhile,the BMP9-induced li-pogenic markers were increased by LGR4 inhibition.The protein levels of Raptor and p-Stat3 were elevated by BMP9.Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression attenuated the osteoblastic markers and LGR4 expression brought on by BMP9.LGR4 significantly reversed the blocking ef-fect of Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression on the BMP9-induced osteoblastic markers.Raptor interacts with p-Stat3,and p-Stat3 activates the LGR4 promoter activity.In conclusion,LGR4 boosts BMP9 osteoblastic potency in mesenchymal stem cells,and BMP9 may up-regulate LGR4 via the mTORC1/Stat3 signal activation.
文摘目的观察血管软化丸对miRNA-155(miR-155)及细胞因子信号转导抑制剂l(suppressor of cytokine signaling 1,SOCS1)-磷酸化转录激活子3(phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,p-STAT3)-程序性细胞凋亡因子4(programmed cell death 4,PDCD4)信号通路和下游炎症因子的影响。方法体内实验中,将ApoE-/-小鼠分为模型组,miR-155抑制剂组,miR-155模拟物组,血管软化丸高、低剂量组;干预8周后观察小鼠主动脉病理变化,RT-PCR法检测小鼠主动脉miR-155、SOCS1、p-STAT3、PDCD4 mRNA表达水平,ELISA法检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、干扰素-γ(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)水平。体外实验中,将RAW264.7细胞随机分为对照组(空白血清)、miR-155抑制剂组、miR-155模拟物组、血管软化丸含药血清组;经药物血清干预后,RT-PCR法检测细胞miR-155、SOCS1、p-STAT3、PDCD4 mRNA表达水平。结果体内实验显示,miR-155模拟物组,血管软化丸高、低剂量组小鼠主动脉粥样硬化病变程度较模型组明显减轻;与模型组相比,miR-155模拟物组,血管软化丸高、低剂量组主动脉miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),p-STAT3、PDCD4 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),血清TNF-α、IL-6、IFN-γ水平较模型组明显降低(P<0.05)。体外实验显示,与对照组比较,miR-155模拟物组、血管软化丸含药血清组RAW264.7细胞miR-155、SOCS1 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),p-STAT3和PDCD4 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05)。结论血管软化丸抗动脉粥样硬化的机制可能是通过miR-155调控SOCS1/STAT3/PDCD4信号通路影响炎症因子水平。
