Influence of Chiral Mean Field on Kaon In-plane Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions

The influence of the chiral mean field on the in-plane flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasi-particle picture including scalar and vector fields is adopted and compared to the standard treatment with a static potential. It is confirmed that a Lorentz force from spatial component of the vector field provides an important contribution to the in-medium kaon dynamics and strongly counterbalances the influence of the vector potential on the in-plane flow. The calculated results show that the new FOPI data can be reasonably described using the Brown & Rho parametrization, which partly takes into account the correction of higher order contributions in the chiral expansion. This indicates that one can abstract the information on the kaon potential in a nuclear medium from the analysis of the in-plane flow.

本体构建工具Protégé与KAON的比较研究

通过利用本体编辑工具Protégé3.3和KAON,以构建基于医学主题词表(M eSH)的预防医学领域本体为例,从基本信息、本体构建、可视化管理、存储管理以及对语义网支持方面等对两种软件的性能和操作方法进行比较。

大型 Ontology构建工具 KAON的使用和评价

分析了大型 Ontology构建工具 KAON的工作原理和基本功能 ,分别介绍了其对 Ontology的文件处理、内容编辑和功能设置等功能 ,同时给出相应的使用评价和体会 ,文章的目的是通过推荐使用 KAON,促进我国图书情报领域对 Ontology构建的关注和研究 ,示范本体论的构建方法。

CP Violation in Kaon Decay in the Scalar Strong Interaction Hadron Theory

CP conservation and violation in neutral kaon decay are considered from a first principles’ theory, recently published as “Scalar Strong Interaction Hadron Theory”. The arbitrary phase angle relating K0 and 0 in current phenomenology is identified to be related to the product of the relative energy to the relative time between the s and d quarks in these kaons. The argument of the CP violating parameter ? is predicted to be 45? without employing measured data. The K0S decay rate is twice the K0L -K0S masss difference, in near agreement with data, and both are proportional to the square of the relative energy 29.44 eV. Any pion from K0L decay will also have a mass shift of ≈1.28 × 10-5 eV. The present first principles’ theory is consistent with CP conservation. To achieve CP violation, the relative time cannot extend to both +∞ and -∞ but is bounded in at least one direction. The values of these bounds lie outside the present theory and it is unknown how they can be brought forth. -B0 mixing is also considered and the relative energy is 663.66 eV.

Production of High-p_T Kaon and Pion in PP and Au-Au Collisions by Resolved Photoproduction Processes

Taking into account the effects of shadowing and jet quenching, the large transverse momentum distribution of K＋, π＋ and K＋/π＋ ratios at s = 200 GeV originating from resolved photoproduction processes is calculated based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics. It is found that the contribution of K＋ and π＋ produced by photoproduction processes is evident. The K＋ /π＋ ratios in Au-Au collisions show an obvious enhancement compared with p p collisions. The numerical results indicate that the photoproduetion processes are good modification for kaon and pion production.

Rotating Lepton Model of Pions and Kaons: Mechanics at fm Distances

The present article is a continuation of a recently published paper [1] in which we have modeled the composition and structure of neutrons and other hadrons using the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) which is a Bohr type model employing the relativistic gravitational attraction between three ultrafast rotating neutrinos as the centripetal force. The RLM accounts for special relativity and also for the De Broglie equation of quantum mechanics. In this way this force was shown to reach the value of the Strong Force while the values of the masses of the rotating relativistic neutrinos reach those of quarks. Masses computed for twelve hadrons and bosons are in very close (~2%) agreement with the experimental values. Here we use the same RLM approach to describe the composition and structure and to compute the masses of Pions and Kaons which are important zero spin mesons. Contrary to hadrons and bosons which have been found via the RLM to comprise the heaviest neutrino eigenmass m3, in the case of mesons the intermediate neutrino mass eigenstate m2 is found to play the dominant role. This can explain why the lowest masses of mesons are generally smaller than those of hadrons and bosons. Thus in the case of Pions it is found that they comprise three rotating m2 mass eigenstate neutrinos and the computed mass of 136.6 MeV/c2 is in good agreement with the experimental value of 134.977 MeV/c2. The Kaon structure is found to consist of six m2 mass eigenstate neutrinos arranged in two parallel pion-type rotating triads. The computed Kaon mass differs less that 2% from the experimental K± and K°values of 493.677 MeV/c2 and 497.648 MeV/c2 respectively. This, in conjunction with the experimentally observed decay products of the Kaons, provides strong support for the proposed K structure.

KAONK220卫星电视接收机

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KAON全功能超高速数字电视机顶盒

KN550H2全功能超高速数字电视机顶盒具有时间平移功能，当用户暂时离开电视时，时间平移功能可以将节目延迟播出，不会遗漏任何画面。还可以在现场直播时提取静态画面，电子节目指南(EPG)可以提供多达7天的节目选单。支持28种语言。

Interferometry analyses of pion and kaon for the granular sources for Au+Au collisions at (~SNN)^(1/2)=200 GeV

We examine the interferometry results of identical pion and kaon for the granular sources of quark-gluon plasma droplets for the Au + Au collisions at S_(NN)^(1/2) = 200 GeV.The effects of particle absorptions of pion and kaon on the results are investigated.We find that the absorptions lead to the decrease of the interferometry radii.After considering the absorptions,the interferometry radii of pion and kaon of the granular sources are in better agreement with the experimental data of the Au + Au collisions.

Production of d_(NΩ)dibaryon in kaon induced reactions

In this paper,we propose to investigate the d_(NΩ)dibaryon production in the K-p-→d_(NΩ)≡0 process by utilizing a kaon beam with a typical momentum of approximately 10 GeV,which may be available at COMPASS,OKA@U-70,and SPS@CERN.The cross sections for K-p-→d_(NΩ)=O are estimated,and in particular,the magnitude of the cross sections is evaluated to be several hundred nanobarns at Pk=20 GeV.Considering that the d_(NΩ)dibaryon dominantly decays into≡Λand≡∑,we also estimate the cross sections for K-p→≡0Λ≡0 and K~p→≡-∑+≡0,where the d_(NΩ)dibaryon can be observed in the invariant mass distributions of≡0Λand≡-∑+,respectively.

An Original Didactic of the Standard Model “The Particle’s Geometric Model” (Nucleons and K-Mesons)

This paper shows a didactic model (PGM), and not only, but representative of the Hadrons described in the Standard Model (SM). In this model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (IQuO). By the properties of IQuO one can define the electric charge and that of color of quarks. Showing the “aurea” (golden) triangular shape of all quarks, we manage to represent the geometric combinations of the nucleons, light mesons, and K-mesons. By the geometric shape of W-bosons, we represent the weak decay of pions and charged Kaons and neutral, highlighting in geometric terms the possibilities of decay in two and three pions of neutral Kaon and the transition to anti-Kaon. In conclusion, from this didactic representation, an in-depth and exhaustive phenomenology of hadrons emerges, which even manages to resolve some problematic aspects of the SM.

In-flight(K^-,N) Reactions for Study of Kaon-nucleus Interaction

We would like to emphasize that the in-flight (K-,N) reactions are particularly useful for the study of the K-nucleus interaction. Since the reaction mechanism is well known,there is little ambiguity to derive the K-nucleus interaction from the measured missing mass spectra. Here we discuss the missing mass spectra of the (K-,N) reactions on the 12C and 16O targets. The spectra show an appreciable amount of strength below the K-nucleus threshold which indicates that the K-nuclear potential is strongly attractive. Comparison of the missing mass spectra with theoretical calculations leads to a potential depth of around -190 MeV for the 12C(K-,n) reaction. A less deep potential of around -160 MeV reproduces well that of the 12C(K-,p) reaction. The difference can be due to isospin dependence of the interaction. Our data show that the K-nucleus potential is very deep to realize kaon condensation in the core of neutron stars.

Final-state Rescatterings of Kaons in Relatiyistic Nuclear Collisions

In recent years the studies of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions give rise to extensive interest. One of the motivations of these studies is to probe the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter at high density and/or temperature. This is very significant for nuclear physics and particle physics and astrophysics. The kaons produced in the process of nuclear collisions at an incident energy of about

Collective flow of K^+ mesons in heavy-ion collisions predicted by the covariant Kaon dynamics

The directed and elliptic flow of positively charged kaons produced in 28^58Ni＋28^58Ni reactions at incident kinetic energy 1.91 AGe V are studied within the covariant kaon dynamics and compared to new data. We observe that the influence of the Lorentz force on the directed and differential directed flow of K＋mesons is obvious. Our calculated results indicate that it is necessary for the Lorentz force to be included in the kaon dynamics in order to reasonably describe experimental data.

Transverse momentum dependence of differential directed flow of Λ hyperon within kaon covariant dynamics

The transverse momentum distributions of Λ's and proton's directed flows are investigated by using Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (QMD) within the framework of covariant kaon dynamics. The calculated results show that the transverse momentum distribution of differential directed flow of Lambda hyperons is dependent appreciably on the nuclear matter equation of states (EOS). The differential directed flow of Lambda hyperons calculated with soft EOS is consistent with the experimental data,whereas the discrepancy between the results obtained with hard EOS and experimental data increases with increasing the transverse momentum. Although the interaction acting on Λ's by nucleons in the dense medium is attractive,the analysis indicates,that the transverse momentum distribution of proton's directed flow is insensitive to the EOS. The results obtained with both hard and soft EOS are all roughly in agreement with the corresponding data.

Applying Bayesian neural networks to identify pion,kaon and proton in BESⅡ

The Monte-Carlo samples of pion, kaon and proton generated from 0.3 GeV/c to 1.2 GeV/c by the ‘tester＇ generator from SIMBES which are used to simulate the detector of BES Ⅱ are identified with the Bayesian neural networks （BNN）. The pion identification and misidentification efficiencies are obviously better at high momentum region using BNN than the methods of χ^2 analysis of dE/dX and TOF information. The kaon identification and misidentification efficiencies are obviously better from 0.3 GeV/c to 1.2 GeV/c using BNN than the methods of X2 analysis. The proton identification and misidentification efficiencies using BNN are basically consistent with the ones of χ^2 analysis. The anti-proton identification and misidentification efficiencies are better below 0.6 GeV/c using BNN than the methods of χ^2 analysis.

Application of the HKS in the identification of kaons produced in the reaction(e,e'K^+)

At Jefferson Laboratory the experiment E02-017 was carried out to investigate the fission associated with kaons in the hypernuclei-producing interaction p（e,K^＋e＇）A. The newly installed high resolution kaon spectrometer （HKS） in Hall C was used as a key instrument to identify kaons. This paper introduces the HKS hardware and describes the way the kaons are identified. Maintaining most of the kaons （nearly 100%） in the data, HKS identifies kaons with a purity of -67% in this experiment. The resolution of the kaon target time reconstructed by HKS reaches 0.42 ns.

Anomalous Contributions in Kaon-photoproductions

We study kaon photoproduction from the nucleon. Using the photon beam asymmetry,we discuss the couplings of the K and K* mesons with baryons. In previous studies of photoproductions,the K* coupling strength has been treated as parameters to reproduce experimental data. Here instead we propose to use the coupling strength which is derived from a microscopic description. By including a higher order loop contribution induced by the QCD anomaly,we demonstrate that the experimental data can be explained well. The use of a microscopic description enables us a better understanding of the reaction dynamics which provides further basis of hadron dynamics.

■-nucleus dynamics: from quasibound states to kaon condensation

Coupled-channel KN dynamics near threshold and its repercussions in few-body K-nuclear systems are briefly reviewed,highlighting studies of a K - pp quasibound state.In heavier nuclei,the extension of mean-field calculations to multi-K nuclear and hypernuclear quasibound states is discussed.It is concluded that strangeness in finite self-bound systems is realized through hyperons,with no room for kaon condensation.

Tackling the kaon structure function at EicC

Measuring the kaon structure beyond proton and pion structures is a prominent topic in hadron physics,as it is one way to understand the nature of the Nambu-Goldstone boson of QCD and observe the interplay between the EHM and HB mechanisms for hadron mass generation.In this study,we present a simulation of the leading A baryon tagged deep inelastic scattering experiment at EicC(Electron-ion collider in China),which is engaged to unveil the internal structure of kaon via the Sullivan process.According to our simulation results,the suggested experiment will cover the kinematical domain of 0.05≤xK≤0.85 and Q^(2)up to 50 GeV^(2),with the acceptable statistical uncertainties.In the relatively low-Q^(2) region(<10 GeV^(2)),the Monte-Carlo simulation shows a good statistical precision(<5%)for the measurement of the kaon structure function F2K.In the high-Q^(2) region(up to 50 GeV^(2)),the statistical uncertainty of F_(2)^(K) is also acceptable(<10%)for the data at xK<0.8.To perform such an experiment at an electron-ion collider,a high-performance zero-degree calorimeter is suggested.The magnitude of the background process and the assumed detector capabilities are also discussed and illustrated in the paper.