A New Method for Deriving High-Vertical-Resolution Wind Vector Data from the L-Band Radar Sounding System in China

High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso-and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China's L-band radar sounding system for calculating highvertical-resolution wind vectors excessively smooths the data, resulting in significant underestimation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves compared to similar products from other countries, which greatly limits the effective utilization of the data. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method to calculate high-vertical-resolution wind vectors that utilizes the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and slant range from L-band radar. In order to obtain wind data with a stable quality, a two-step automatic quality control procedure, including the RMSE-F(root-mean-square error F) test and elemental consistency test are first applied to the slant range data, to eliminate continuous erroneous data caused by unstable signals or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation scheme based on a sliding second-order polynomial fitting is utilized to derive the high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors. The evaluation results demonstrate that the wind data obtained through the proposed method show a high level of consistency with the high-resolution wind data observed using the Vaisala Global Positioning System and the data observed by the new Beidou Navigation Sounding System. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves in the recalculated wind data also reaches a level comparable to the Vaisala observations.

L-Band掺铒光纤放大器的优化设计

提出了泵浦分配两段级联 ,并利用前向ASE推动下一级EDF工作的L Band放大器的新结构 基于Giles模型并考虑了ASE噪声的影响 ,运用数值模拟算法系统分析了泵浦光功率分配和铒光纤分配比例对这种EDFA性能的影响 最后优化得到高增益且增益谱平坦的L BandEDFA ,其在输入信号光功率为 - 2 0dBm时 ,在 15 71～ 16 0 8nm范围内 ,增益值高达 35dB ,增益偏差小于

L-band EDFA性能与增益光纤长度关系的分析

分析和模拟L_band EDFA的增益特性对其优化设计和实验有着重要的意义。基于Giles模型,数值模拟了L_band EDFA中的信号光、泵浦光和放大自发辐射(ASE)在一定泵浦功率下与铒光纤长度的关系;分析了L_band EDFA本征增益平坦的产生机理;数值模拟了小信号增益平坦特性。结果表明,在一定的泵浦功率下,如果在所选择的L_bandEDFA中铒光纤长度合适,则不需要任何平坦化处理就可以得到比较平坦的增益谱线。

单根光栅箝制的L-band掺铒光纤放大器模拟

针对波分复用系统要求掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)必须具备增益锁定功能,提出采用单根光纤光栅的方法来箝制L-bandEDFA的增益.基于考虑自发辐射噪声(ASE)的Giles模型,建立了EDFA的全光增益箝制理论模型.系统分析了四种可能的光路结构、泵浦波长、光纤光栅反射波长和反射率、泵浦功率以及掺铒光纤长度等参量对箝制特性的影响.最后给出一组使EDFA在箝制增益的同时保持增益谱平坦的最佳结构和放大器参量.

低噪声、高增益的L-band EDFA的实验研究

针对传统的LbandEDFA的工作效率低,提出了一种基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA的新结构,其中的光纤光栅用来反射无用的后向CbandASE系统地研究了泵浦比例和光纤光栅波长对增益噪声指数的影响关系最后经实验验证,得到了低噪声、高增益的Lband的EDFA其在输入信号光(1570nm)功率为-30dBm及泵浦功率为70mW时,增益为22.26dB,增益噪声指数为4.

关于采用DWDM技术传输多路L-Band信号在广播电视领域应用的探讨

高清节目素材的质量要求高、传输时占用的带宽资源大,本文通过对基于密集波分复用技术的多路L-Band信号传输问题的讨论,阐明在信号的光传输领域,采用密集波分技术可以实现有限的资源条件下的高质高效的节目传输。

Variations in the Lower Level of the PBL Associated with the Yellow Sea Fog-New Observations by L-Band Radar

The Chinese east coastal areas and marginal seas are foggy regions. The development of effective forecasting methods rests upon a comprehensive knowledge of the fog phenomena. This study provides new observations associated with the sea togs over the northwestern Yellow Sea by means of L-band radar soundings with a high vertical resolution of 30m. The monthly tem- perature lapse rate, the Richardson Nulnbers, and the humidity show obvious seasonal variations in the lower level of the planetary boundary layer （PBL） that are related to the onset, peak and end of the Yellow Sea fog season. The typical pattern of stratification for the sea fog season in the northwestern Yellow Sea is that a stable layer of about 400 m thick caps a 150 m conditionally unstable layer Besides, the differences between togs and stratus clouds in terms of humidity, turbulence and temperature are analyzed, which is of significance for sea fog forecast and detection by satellites. The thickness of the sea fogs varies in different stages of the fog season, and is associated with the temperature inversion. The numerical simulation proves that the seasonal variations obtained by the radar well represent the situations over the Yellow Sea.

A new algorithm for sea-surface wind-speed retrieval based on the L-band radiometer onboard Aquarius

Aquarius is the second satellite mission to focus on the remote sensing of sea-surface salinity from space and it has mapped global sea-surface salinity for nearly 3 years since its launch in 2011. However,benefiting from the high atmospheric transparency and moderate sensitivity to wind speed of the L-band brightness temperature(TB),the Aquarius L-band radiometer can actually provide a new technique for the remote sensing of wind speed. In this article,the sea-surface wind speeds derived from TBs measured by Aquarius' L-band radiometer are presented,the algorithm for which is developed and validated using multisource wind speed data,including Wind Sat microwave radiometer and National Data Buoy Center buoy data,and the Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory wind field product. The error analysis indicates that the performance of retrieval algorithm is good. The RMSE of the Aquarius wind-speed algorithm is about 1 and 1.5 m/s for global oceans and areas of tropical hurricanes,respectively. Consequently,the applicability of using the Aquarius L-band radiometer as a near all-weather wind-speed measuring method is verified.

L-band增益平坦EDFA的研究

使用数值计算方法对L-band EDFA小信号增益特性和L-band EDFA中各种光束随EDF长度的变化进行了模拟,得到了L-band EDFA增益具有本征平坦特性的结论,并为L-band EDFA低泵浦转换效率提供了合理解释。在数值模拟的基础上,进行了增益平坦L-band EDFA的实验,获得L-band30nm波长范围内增益变化不超过0.5dB平坦增益的实验结果,并借助FBG有效地提高了泵浦转换效率。

Properties of L-band differential InSAR for monitoring mining-induced subsidence in coalfield of Jining, Northern China

The properties and feasibility of L-band differential InSAR for detecting and monitoring mining-induced subsidence were systematically analyzed and demonstrated. The largest monitored subsidence gradient of 7.9×10-3 and magnitude of 91 cm were firstly derived by theoretical derivation. Then, the stronger phase maintaining capacity and weaker sensitivity to minor land subsidence compared with C-band DInSAR were illustrated by phase simulation of the actual mine subsidence. Finally, the data processing procedure of two-pass DInSAR was further refined to accurately observe subsidence of a coalfield of Jining in Northern China using 7 ALOS PALSAR images. The largest monitored subsidence magnitude of 39.22 cm and other properties were better investigated by testing results interpretation and subsidence analysis, and the absolute difference varying from 0.5 mm to 17.9 mm was obtained by comparison with leveling-measured subsidence. All of results show that L-band DInSAR technique can investigate the location, amount, area and other detailed subsidence information with relatively higher accuracy.

泵浦源对L-band EDFA增益特性的影响

对不同泵浦波长的L-波段(L-band)掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的增益特性进行了研究,模拟和实验表明:L-band EDFA本征平坦增益值的大小与EDF长度有关,与选择的泵浦波长无关,但泵浦效率受泵浦波长影响很大,泵浦波长越长,则泵浦转换效率越高。

L-band可调谐掺铒光纤环形激光器的研究

提出一种新颖高效的L带波长可调谐掺铒光纤激光器,激光器采用环形结构,腔内利用两段掺铒光纤和一个光线光栅以提高泵浦效率。同时应用了基于光纤环形镜的可调谐滤波器作为腔内波长选择器和线宽压缩器。实验获得的激光输出可调谐范围达42 nm,输出功率超过1 mW,功率均匀度控制在1.75 dB以内,边模抑制比大于40 dB。

The system of L-band 2 × 10 Gb/s WDM transmission over conventional single mode fibre with 600 km by chirped fibre Bragg gratings dispersion compensation

A chirped fibre Bragg grating according to ITU-T suggested L-band （2nd channel λ1 = 1570.83 nm; 80th channel λ2 = 1603.57 nm） with more than 1800 ps/nm single channel dispersion compensation is presented in this paper, of which the cladding mode loss, the delay curve ripple and the power fluctuation of the reflected spectrum are less than 0.5 dB, 50 ps and 0.25 dB, respectively. With this new FBG as dispersion compensation device, a 2 × 10 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） L-band transmission of 600 km based on conventional single mode fibre （G.652 fibre） is performed without forward error correction. The bit error rate （BER） is less than 10-12 and the power penalties of the 2nd and 80th channel of L-band are 1.8 dB and 2.0 dB, respectively.

Shallow Discussion about the Application of L-band Sounding Seconds Data in the Artificial Precipitation

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss shallowly the application of L-band sounding seconds data in the artificial precipitation. [Method] The characteristics, getting manner and displaying method of L-band sounding seconds data were introduced briefly. Moreover, its application prospect in the artificial precipitation operation was analyzed initially. We aimed to improve its application rate in the artificial precipitation operation. [Result] L-band sounding seconds data had the great improvement in the time-space resolution and the space positioning accuracy aspects when compared with the previous sounding data, and the precision reached the second level. It could provide the high-precision data basis for the assimilation of artificial precipitation numerical model initial field, and improve the numerical model. Moreover, the sounding product could provide the accurate scientific basis for the selection of artificial precipitation operation tool, the determination of operation height and range, and guide the artificial precipitation operation, and improve the operation efficiency. [Conclusion] The research provided the analysis and reference basis for the command of artificial precipitation operation.

A novel 3-stage structure for a low-noise, high-gain and gain-flattened L-band erbium doped fiber amplifier

The configuration of the novel three-stage L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with very large and flat gain and very low noise figure presented in this paper uses the forward ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) from the first section of the EDF (erbium-doped fiber) and the backward ASE from the third section of the EDF (both serve as the secondary pump sources of energy) to pump the second EDF. To improve the pump efficiency, the power of the pump is split into two parts (with a ratio of e.g. 2:7). The characteristics of this L-band EDFA are studied on the basis of the Giles Model with ASE.

Observation of 550 MHz passively harmonic mode-locked pulses at L-band in an Er-doped fiber laser using carbon nanotubes film

We demonstrate a passively harmonic mode-locked（PHML） fiber laser operating at the L-band using carbon nanotubes polyvinyl alcohol（CNTs-PVA） film. Under suitable pump power and an appropriate setting of the polarization controller（PC）, the 54^（th） harmonic pulses at the L-band are generated with the side mode suppression ratio（SMSR） better than 44 dB and a repetition frequency of 503.37 MHz. Further increasing the pump power leads to a higher frequency of 550 MHz with compromised stability of 38.5 dB SMSR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration on the generation of L-band PHML pulses from an Er-doped fiber laser based on CNTs.

Seasonal Effects of Backscattering Intensity of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 (L-Band) on Retrieval Forest Biomass in the Tropics

This research has used the L-band radar from ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 and field work data for evaluation of seasonal effects of backscattering intensity on retrieval forest biomass in the tropics. The effects of seasonality and HH, and HV polarizations of the SAR data on the biomass were analyzed. The dry season HV polarization could explain 61% of the biomass in this study region. The dry season HV backscattering intensity was highly sensitive to the biomass compared to the rainy season backscattering intensity. The SAR data acquired in the rainy season with humid and wet canopies were not very sensitive to the in situ biomass. Strong dependence of the biomass estimates with season of SAR data acquisition confirmed that the choice of right season SAR data is very important for improving the satellite based estimates of the biomass. This research expects that the results obtained in this research will contribute to monitoring of the quantity and quality of forest biomass in Vietnam and other tropical countries.

增益光纤类型与L-band EDFA的性能关系

为分析增益光纤对L波段(L-band)掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)增益特性的影响,基于G iles模型对不同增益光纤构成的EDFA进行了数值模拟和实验研究,模拟和实验表明,L-band EDFA增益值的大小与EDF掺杂浓度、泵浦功率及光纤长度有关,光纤长度越长,则达到平坦增益时需要的泵浦功率就越大,本征平坦增益值也越高。

Improvement of Bare Soil Semi-Empirical Radar Backscattering Models (Oh and Dubois) with SAR Multi-Spectral Satellite Data (X-, C- and L-Bands)

The objective of this study is to improve the performance of semi-empirical radar backscatter models, which are mainly used in microwave remote sensing (Oh 1992, Oh 2004 and Dubois). The study is based on satellite and ground data collected on bare soil surfaces during the Multispectral Crop Monitoring experimental campaign of the CESBIO laboratory in 2010 over an agricultural region in southwestern France. The dataset covers a wide range of soil (viewing top soil moisture, surface roughness and texture) and satellite (at different frequencies: X-, C- and L-bands, and different incidence angles: 24.3° to 53.3°) configurations. The proposed methodology consists in identifying and correcting the residues of the models, depending on the surface properties (roughness, moisture, texture) and/or sensor characteristics (frequency, incidence angle). Finally, one model has been retained for each frequency domain. Results show that the enhancements of the models significantly increase the simulation performances. The coefficient of correlation increases of 23% in mean and the simulation errors (RMSE) are reduced to below 2 dB (at the X and C-bands) and to 1 dB at the L-band, compared to the initial models. At the X- and C-bands, the best performances of the modified models are provided by Dubois, whereas Oh 2004 is more suitable for the L-band (r is equal to 0.69, 0.65 and 0.85). Moreover, the modified models of Oh 1992 and 2004 and Dubois, developed in this study, offer a wider domain of validity than the initial formalism and increase the capabilities of retrieving the backscattering signal in view of applications of such approaches to stronglycontrasted agricultural surface states.

Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation Cloud in Tianjin Based on L-band Sounding Data

Based on L-band sounding data,threshold method of relative humidity was used to analyze vertical distribution characteristics of precipitation cloud system in Tianjin region.The results showed that main precipitation cloud system affecting Tianjin is cold and warm mixed cloud,followed by cold cloud,and precipitation of warm cloud is less.During May-November,precipitation of cold and warm mixed cloud is dominant,and it is dominant by precipitation of cold cloud from January to April.In four seasons,the precipitation frequency of double-layer cloud is the most,and precipitation of single-layer cloud mainly appears during March-November,and peak is in June.Peak of cloud system with three or more layers all appears in July and August.The cold cloud and warm cloud catalysts should be selected respectively for artificial precipitation enhancement in Tianjin.In winter,cold cloud catalyst operation is selected;in spring,summer and autumn,the cold cloud catalyst is spread in the cold cloud area,and the warm cloud catalyst is distributed in the warm cloud area according to the conditions of cloud layer.