Analysis on the Hail Climate and Radar Characteristics in Linyi City

[Objective] The research aimed to study the hail climate and radar characteristics in Linyi City.[Method] The five representative stations which were Mengyin,Yishui,Linshu,Cangshan,Linyi and were collectively called as Linyi City in Yimeng mountain area were selected.From the hail path,weather situation and influence system,the 40 times hail weather processes which happened in every station in June during 1965-2008 were carried out the statistics analysis.The typical weather situation and physical structure characteristics in the hail weather process in Linyi City were studied.On this basis,the statistical analysis on the new generation weather radar characteristics in the hail process during 2003-2008 was carried out.The climatic index of hail occurrence,the characteristic index of radar data and the radar observation characteristic in the city were discussed.[Result] The weather systems which affected the hail shooting in Linyi City were Mongolia cold vortex type,eastward shift small trough type,northwest airflow cold temperature trough type and so on.On the 6 h ground chart before the hail shooting,there were the small low pressure,cold front or wind shear line(airflow convergence field) in Shandong Province.They had the 'trigger' and 'development' effects on the occurrence and development of strong convection hail shooting.The joining of small trough in the rear of 500 hPa low vortex had three forms that were the west small trough supplementary type,the airflow field divergence in front of vortex and the small trough in the rear of vortex southward swing in general.When the vertical liquid water content quickly increased from zero or the small amount to above 40 kg/m2,it was possible to generate the hail weather.In the different months,when the echo intensity of convective cloud body >50 dBz,the initial echo height >5 km,and the crown elevation,strong center height reached the certain values,it was possible to generate the hail weather.On the radar radial velocity chart,the meso-scale convective system characteristic(the bottom layer was the convergence,and the high layer was the divergence) was obvious.At 1.5° and 3.4° elevation angles in the middle layer,there was the strong wind shear in the vertical direction of convective storm monomer.[Conclusion] The research provided the certain reference value for the analysis and forecast of this kind of weather.

Analysis on the Meso-scale Characteristics of a Hail Process in Linyi Area

[Objective] The research aimed to study the meso-scale characteristics of a hail process in Linyi area. [Method] By comprehensively using MICAPS conventional observation data, automatic encryption ground station, MM5 model product and Doppler weather radar data, a strong convective hail weather process which happened in Shandong Peninsula and southeast of Shandong on May 30, 2010 was analyzed. The circulation background and physical mechanism of strong convection weather occurrence, the features of meso- and micro-scale systems were discussed. Some occurrence and development rules of such weather were found. [Result] The strong convective weather was mainly affected by the cold vortex and translot. The high-altitude northwest airflow, low-level southwest airflow, dry and cold air at the high layer, warm and wet air at the low layer, forward-tilting trough caused the strong convective weather. The radar echo analysis showed that the radar echo in the process belonged to the typical multi-monomer windstorm echo, and the strong echo zone was in the forefront of echo. When the convection development was the strongest, the echo intensity reached 65 dBz, and the echo top height surpassed 11 km. As the development of windstorm monomer, the big-value zone of vertical liquid water content product had the jumping formation and disappearance. Moreover, there was obvious weak echo zone. The windstorm monomer moved to the southeast direction as the precipitation system. In the right front of monomer moving direction, there was hook echo feature. The evolution characteristics of radial speed field at the different elevation angles before and after the hail weather occurrence were analyzed. It was found that the radial speed field had some premonitory variations before the hail weather occurrence. Doppler radar product was used to improve the initial field of MM5 model, which could improve the forecast effect in the certain degree and the accuracy of short-time forecast and nowcasting. [Conclusion] The research accumulated the experience for the short-term forecast and nowcasting work of strong convective weather in future.

Analysis on Formation Reason of a Local Heavy Rainstorm in Linyi Area

[Objective] The research aimed to study formation reason of a local heavy rainstorm process in Linyi from night on August 3 to early morning on 4th, 2010. [Method] Based on MICAPS weather chart, actual situation data of NECP analysis field, data of automatic encryption station and Doppler radar product, a local heavy rainstorm and extra heavy rainstorm process in Linyi from night on August 3 to early morning on 4th, 2010 was detailedly analyzed from weather background, meso- and micro-scale characteristics, physical mechanisms of occurrences and developments of meso and micro-scale systems. The formation reason of heavy rainstorm process was discussed. Moreover, we tried to find some occurrence rules of short-time strong precipitation. [Result] The local heavy rainstorm process had large short-time rainfall and obvious local characteristics. The main influence systems were subtropical high, westerly trough, meso- and small-scale ground low pressures. It was affected by many systems which had different scales and heights. The up-cold-down-warm unstable stratification accumulated a large number of unstable energy, which was basic condition of strong precipitation occurrence. It was convergence shear line at the bottom layer of airspace. The vertical shear and turbosphere of deep southwest-northwest-easterly airflow were at airspace. The common effect of up and down systems triggered generation of updraft, and made unstable energy release. For the release of unstable energy, after northwest airflow was cut off, the updraft made southwest airflow develop upward. It linked with easterly wave to form new vertical shear, which was a reason of long duration of strong precipitation. The southwest airflow at the edge of subtropical high was water vapor source of precipitation process, which provided sufficient water vapor supply for generation of heavy rainstorm. The system which was developing and strengthening would make the moving speed of system slow down. Then, the rainfall increased. It was a reason of long duration of strong precipitation. [Conclusion] The research accumulated certain experience for forecast work in future.

Current Development Status of Cucumber Industry in Linyi City and Countermeasures for Improving Quality and Benefits

In order to expand and strengthen the cucumber industry in Linyi City of Shandong City and make it more effective in revitalizing the rural economy,the authors surveyed the current situation of the cucumber planting area,production management,fresh-keeping processing and marketing in Linyi City.Based on the survey,it analyzed the current problems in the development of the cucumber industry in Linyi City,including low level of facilities and equipment,the post-picking processing technology,the imperfect quality control system,the low degree of information and the weak degree of organization.Finally,it came up with recommendations including developing increasing modern technological innovation of facility structure and equipment,accelerating research on post-picking commercial processing technology of cucumber,accelerating the construction of product quality traceability system,promoting in-depth integration of informationization and cucumber industry,and improving the degree of organization and industrialization,to improve the quality and benefits of cucumber industry,so as to provide guidance for improving the overall quality,benefit and market competitiveness of cucumber industry in Linyi City.

Occurrence Regularity and Integrated Control Technique of Grubs in Peanut Producing Areas of Linyi City

In order to effectively control the harm of grubs in peanut field, Linyi Comprehensive Experimental Station of Shandong Peanut Industry Research System conducted an investigation and study on the occurrence regularity and control techniques of peanut grubs, and summarized the occurrence regularity and causes of the outbreak of grubs in peanut field. Moreover, effective and sustainable control measures are proposed.

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Industry Development in Linyi under the Background of Poverty Alleviation

By summarizing current situation of modern agriculture in Linyi City,problems faced by the development of modern agriculture in Linyi City under the background of helping poverty alleviation are analyzed.They are mainly the low degree of farmers'organization and the low level of agricultural industrialization;the low overall quality of farmers and the weak ability to absorb science,technology and culture;weak agricultural infrastructure and deterioration of agricultural ecological environment;inadequate agricultural scientific and technological innovation and slow popularization and application of achievements.A series of solutions and countermeasures are put forward to improve the degree of farmers'organization,enhance farmers'quality,increase investment in agricultural infrastructure,and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

Shandong Linyi Engineering Machinery Co.Ltd.

The Shandong Linyi Engineering Machinery Co. Ltd. is a large backbone enterprise of the national engineering machinery industry. It has fixed assets of RMB 210 million. Its main products include various models of wheel loaders, hydraulic excavators and various modified products. Its comprehensive annual production capacity has reached 2,500 Sets. The company adheres to the technical strategy of high level, high starting point and high input, and has introduced such hi-tech processing equipment as NC cutting machines, NC bending machines, NC punching and shearing machines, flexibility processing centres and welding robots at the international advanced level from Japan, Britain, Germany and Austria. Its level of technical equipment puts it among the leading enterprises in the industry

Geology of Gold Ore Deposits in Western Linyi of Shandong Province,China

Western Linyi of Shandong Province is one of the most important gold ore mineralization concentration areas. Mesozoic gold ore deposits in this area can be subdivided into two types: magmatic hydrothermal and epithermal gold deposits. The occurrences of gold ore bodies are controlled by structures. Related subvolcanic rocks can be subdivided into high potassium calc-alkali series and alkaline series. These two types of subvolcanic rocks are of different geochemical features and different sources. The high potassium calc-alkali rocks are derived from enriched mantle and contribute to the formation of magmatic hydrothermal gold ore deposits including skarn gold-copper ore deposit and porphyry gold ore deposit. Alkaline rocks are derived from lower crust and they host epithermal gold deposits. Comprehensive studies show that there is no evolutionary or transitional relationship temporally and genetically between the epithermal gold deposit and the high temperature magma hydrothermal gold deposit in the western Linyi.

Linyi City——A City Good for Investment

The reform and opening to the outside world has motivated the development of every sector and created several rising cities.The new cities have a strong opening spirit. They eagerly hope the outside world will get to know of them and that their products can enter the international market. For the purpose, beginning from this issue, China’s Foreign Trade will have a new section—Rising Cities, which will introduce certain cities’ economic development, investment environment, and export products to foreign and domestic readers, especially overseas friends from industrial and commercial sectors and enterprises.

从“气化”浅述国医大师葛琳仪运用风药治疗脾胃病之学术思想

[目的]介绍国医大师葛琳仪教授(以下简称葛教授)分层次施用风药辨治脾胃病的临床特色及其临证经验。[方法]通过理论溯源,跟师随诊,整理并分析葛教授基于气化理论运用风药治疗脾胃系疾病的临床医案,总结葛教授巧施风药辨治脾胃病的思路、心得和用药特色,并附医案一则加以佐证。[结果]气化是生命的基本活动,气化异常是疾病产生的重要原因。葛教授指出,脾胃病的基本病机是“气化异常”,常从“气化”切入,巧施风药以调畅气机,恢复脾升胃降功能,维稳五脏气机,具体分为四个层次:以风药疏肝和脾、壮气运脾、燥湿健脾以及搜风通络养脾。常用的风药有柴胡、防风、黄芪、升麻、佛手、紫苏梗、苍术、娑罗子、桑叶、藿香、草果、厚朴、佩兰、徐长卿、炒僵蚕等及其组成的药对、药串。[结论]葛教授临证精于辨证,从“气”切入,按不同层次巧施风药治疗脾胃病,特色鲜明,疗效显著,其学术思想值得临床借鉴和推广。

浇灌“新民主教育之花”:薛暮桥与临沂山东大学

作为中国当代杰出经济学家的薛暮桥,在跌宕起伏的革命生涯中,其人生经历了从铁路工人到经济学一代宗师的身份转变。在山东工作期间,他投身于临沂山东大学的创建工作,发挥了亲历者、建设者、设计者的重要作用,耕耘养护了这朵“新民主教育之花”。在校执教期间,薛暮桥所整编出版的《思想方法与学习方法》一书,既是对他在临沂山东大学的一份教学总结,也是临沂山东大学对他本人的知识反哺。通过对薛暮桥不同角色身份的考察,可展现历史巨变下临沂山东大学的发展特点及其时代贡献,也可通过对薛暮桥教育遗产的考察,体悟中国特色高等教育发展之路的内在逻辑和历史必然。

20世纪五六十年代的临沂稻改及其体现的沂蒙精神

20世纪五六十年代的临沂稻改,是人民群众从吃地瓜干到吃上大米饭的一场种植业革命。为了改变涝洼地区贫穷落后面貌,临沂地区的广大党员干部群众勇于担当,敢于创造,战胜重重困难,彻底治理了涝洼,发展了水利,改种了水稻,使粮食产量连年提高,稻改获得很大成功。在稻改中党和政府把人民利益放在第一位,勇担重担,全心全意为人民,人民群众跟党走,艰苦奋斗,开拓奋进,无私奉献,这是沂蒙精神在社会主义建设时期的生动体现。

山东省临沂市楸树人工林立地类型划分与质量评价

使用典型抽样方法在山东临沂的蒙阴、沂水、兰陵等6个县区,选择造林技术和经营措施基本一致的14个样点布设63块楸树人工林临时标准地,调查标准地内立地因子、林分生长因子以及土壤因子,通过主成分分析、聚类分析法分析立地因子对人工林生长的影响,进而对楸树人工林进行立地类型划分与立地质量评价。结果表明:1)最合适的导向曲线为幂函数曲线,经χ~2检验证明所编制的立地指数表合格。2)在影响楸树人工林生长的立地因子中,重要性排序为:土壤质地>坡向>坡位>坡度>土层厚度>海拔,其中土壤质地、坡向、坡位是影响临沂市楸树人工林生长的主导因子。3)以土壤质地、坡向、坡位3个主导立地因子将山东省临沂市楸树人工林划分为13个立地类型,3个地位级。现有立地条件下,最适宜楸树人工林生长的立地特征为:分布在阳坡或半阴坡的下坡位,土壤质地为中壤土的地区,占总标准地数量的13.64%。整体上,临沂市楸树人工林的立地质量有待提高,建议Ⅰ、Ⅱ地位级种植中大径材楸树,Ⅲ地位级种植小径材楸树。

代理模型参数率定方法在TOPKAPI模型中的应用

为提高复杂水文模型参数优化效率,通过Morris参数敏感性分析确定敏感参数,随后将多目标自适应代理模型优化(MO-ASMO)算法应用在TOPKAPI模型的参数率定中,通过最小欧几里得距离筛选Pareto解集中的相对最优解,从解集分布和每场洪水模拟效果两个维度与传统多目标优化方法NSGA-Ⅱ、NSGA-Ⅲ进行比较。结果表明:在相同模型运行次数下,MO-ASMO相较于NSGA-Ⅱ和NSGA-Ⅲ具有更优的Pareto前沿;无论是率定期还是验证期,MO-ASMO算法的评价指标均表现较好,综合表现优于NSGA-Ⅱ、NSGA-Ⅲ算法,MO-ASMO算法有效提升了模型参数优化效率。

基于水资源空间均衡的“四水四定”调控模型的应用

将前期研究构建的基于水资源空间均衡的“四水四定”调控模型应用于山东省临沂市水资源空间均衡动态调控,在预测各区(县)用水量和用水指标的基础上,探究了各区(县)未来水资源空间均衡度,在不同时间尺度上对未来用水量进行了动态调控。结果表明:调控模型可靠性高且具备普适性;当前用水模式下临沂市未来水资源在空间上处于绝对均衡状态,仅水土匹配系数处于一般均衡状态;对各区(县)不同类型未来用水量进行动态调控,可在不同时间尺度上使临沂市水资源空间均衡的各项指标达到绝对均衡状态;在“四水四定”与水资源空间均衡的约束下,通过对未来长短期用水量的动态调控,临沂市预期用水量能够实现动态均衡。

沿黄临猗县生态环境质量时空演变及成因分析

以黄河沿岸山西省临猗县为例,对其生态环境质量时空变化及其成因进行分析,旨在为生态保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。研究选取1990—2020年Landsat影像,提取湿度(WET)、绿度(NDVI)、干度(NDSI)和热度(LST)4项指标,计算遥感生态指数(RSEI),对临猗县生态环境质量进行评价,并用地理探测器进行因子分析。结果表明:研究区生态环境质量1990—2000年轻度恶化,2000—2010年轻度改善,2010—2020年轻度恶化,总体有所恶化。影响因子在1990年和2000年为湿度>热度>干度>绿度,2010年为热度>湿度>干度>绿度,2020年为湿度>干度>绿度>热度。

临沂市近50年降水、气温和蒸发时空变化特征分析

为给临沂市未来农业生产发展气候资源的高效利用提供理论依据,开展临沂市近50年来的三大气象要素(降水、气温和蒸发)时空变化特征研究,运用线性回归分析、经验正交分解函数(EOF)和Morlet小波函数方法揭示其趋势性、时空模态和多时间尺度特征。结果表明,临沂市降水(2.09 mm/a)、气温(0.04℃/a)呈同步增长趋势,蒸发(-6.47 mm/a)因供蒸发的能量显著减少而呈“蒸发悖论”的下降变化。空间分布上,降水以前期全区域偏少而后期全区域偏多的一致性增长趋势的第一模态为主,和“东南-西北”向呈反相位变化的第二模态为辅,仅在沂南呈较大的年际波动;气温则呈现同质性特征突出的增温变化趋势格局;蒸发异质性高,呈两种主要模态,以莒南异于其他地区的空间格局主导。三大气象要素都存在短期(5年)、中期(16年)、长期(25年)的年际和年代际变化,降水以16年主导,年均温为24年,年蒸发量以31年为主。未来短期内,临沂市区域降水和气温将经历高于多年平均值的下降变化,蒸发呈高于多年平均值的上升变化,尤其要重点关注沂南和莒南的局部区域气候变化。

日本遣唐使昆仑、林邑漂流与渤海辗转——以开元年间平郡广成的归国事件为中心

作为唐代东亚海域交通史上的特殊案例,开元二十二年(734)日本第10次遣唐使判官平郡广成在昆仑、林邑等地的漂流事件,暴露了同期日籍人员在东亚海域海难自救辗转过程中所面临的困境与挑战。唐王朝对此采取积极有效的营救措施与处理预案,反映了8世纪中上叶唐日亲善关系构筑期唐对日政策的重要侧面,以及安南都护府作为日本遣唐使漂流中转地与入唐口岸,在同期东亚海域海难救援机制中的历史定位。平郡广成一行最终经由渤海辗转归国的史实,是同期渤海发挥唐日交流中转效用的重要依据。从中可见唐王朝在东亚区域事务中的宏观管控,及8世纪中上叶渤日结盟关系演进的历史背景,对遣唐使归国辗转的协调与应援。

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的临沂市农业生产效率研究

选取2013—2021年临沂市各县区农业生产要素的投入、产出面板数据,基于投入导向的DEA-BCC模型对临沂市农业生产效率进行了测算与评价,使用Malmquist指数对临沂市农业全要素生产率进行了测算与分解,并从动态变化角度分析了农业生产效率的年际变化趋势。结果表明:临沂市各县区的农业生产效率差异较大、总体水平较低,且多数县区处于规模报酬递增趋势;临沂市农业全要素生产率提升的动力主要源于技术进步,且年均增长率呈上升趋势。鉴于此,提出了优化生产要素投入,提升规模效率;加强农业技术的研发与推广,促进农业技术进步;加大财政支出力度,提高农业生产效率等政策建议。

浅谈山水林田湖草沙一体化治理理念——以山东省沂南县书堂村崩塌地质灾害隐患点为例

山东省沂南县书堂村地质灾害隐患由花岗岩中发育球状风化成危岩体,其隐患点地质问题复杂,生态环境严重。本文通过对书堂村环境治理情况进行分析,结合沂蒙山山水林田湖草沙一体化治理理念,以消除地质灾害隐患,达到绿色生态修复目的,更结合景区特殊及当地村民习俗要求为目标,采取加固、清除、修建干砌石墙、鱼鳞坑、外购土方、修建梯田、种植爬墙虎、栗子树等综合生态修复治理方法,达到了保持原有景区景观,新增近1 hm 2梯田交付当地使用的效果。项目实施后不但消除了地质灾害隐患,恢复山体绿色,也打造了当地宜居环境,增加了村民经济收入,收到政府和人民的一致好评,取得了良好的社会效益及经济效益。