LIFE： Costing the Digital Preservation Lifecycle

The LIFE project creates a digital lifecycle model based on previous work undertaken on the lifecycle of paper-based material.Web Archiving, Voluntarity Deposited Electronic Publications (VDEP), and E-Journal are chosen as case study for application and evaluation of the LIFE Mode.Case studies show its potential for further use in a numble of roles,such as improving assessment of the financial commitment,more effective planning for preservation activities etc.The LIFE Mode will be revised and refined in LIFE2 Project.

An investigative report on current long-term digital preservation situation among major Chinese libraries

The paper reports a survey on the attitudes,arrangements,and operational model of more than 40 major Chinese libraries(CL)on long-term digital preservation.It reveals that digital preservation becomes an urgent concern for these libraries in our survey.Most of these libraries take a pro-active approach to the issue and most of them are in favor of participation in a certain collaborative preservation system,though a few still remain in a wait-and-see posture.

上海新一轮城市更新中的风貌保护难点分析与对策探讨

以2017年国务院批准实施《上海市城市总体规划(2017—2035年)》为标志,上海进入以存量土地再开发为特征的城市更新时代。首先简要分析上海近年来开展的城市更新和风貌保护工作,是由政府组织、规划引领、功能性企业主导,由多方共同参与运作的创新实践。其次分析上海风貌保护中的土地开发成本、资本和开发逻辑、存量转型政策、房屋产权和开发使用、历史建筑保护法律等方面的难点。最后提出风貌保护的对策思路,包括降低建设用地基准地价,优化城市更新资本和开发逻辑,探索“先租后让”的土地供应方式和历史建筑所有权、使用权分离管理模式,适时修订地方法规等。

基于正交局部保持映射和成本优化的多变量时间序列早期分类模型

时间序列早期分类(ETSC)有两个矛盾的目标:早期性和准确率。分类早期性的实现,总是以牺牲它的准确率为代价。现有基于优化的多变量时间序列(MTS)早期分类方法,虽然在成本函数中考虑了错误分类成本和延迟决策成本,却忽视了MTS数据集样本之间的局部结构对分类性能的影响。针对这个问题,提出一种基于正交局部保持映射(OLPP)和成本优化的MTS早期分类模型(OLPPMOAE)。首先,使用OLPP将MTS样本前缀映射到低维空间,保持原数据集的局部结构;其次,在低维空间训练一组高斯过程(GP)分类器,生成训练集每个时刻的类概率;最后,使用粒子群优化(PSO)算法从这些类概率中学习停止规则中的最优参数。在6个MTS数据集上的实验结果表明,在早期性基本持平的情况下,OLPPMOAE的准确率显著高于基于成本的R1_C_(lr)(stopping Rule and Cost function with regularization term l_(1)and l_(2))模型,平均准确率能够提升11.33%~15.35%,调和均值(HM)能够提升4.71%~9.01%。因此,所提模型能够以较高的准确率尽早地分类MTS。

储备土地资产价值实现机制探索

自然资源资产管理体制背景下,建立健全储备土地资产价值实现机制,是完善储备土地资产管理体制的重要内容,也是贯彻“两统一”职责定位,落实自然资源产权制度改革的关键举措。储备土地资产价值是经济价值、社会价值和生态价值的统一体,研究通过分析储备土地资产价值体系构成和价值实现内涵,尝试从“价值发现—价值创造—价值评估—价值实现—价值保护”链条构建储备土地资产价值实现机制,为土地储备政策制定、土地储备规划和计划编制工作、土地储备业务管理工作提供思路和方法。

Medium-term and Long-term Momentum and Contrarian Effects on China during 1994-2004

We examine momentum and contrarian effects in China＇s stock market during 1994-2004 and find that no medium momentum effects exist. Meanwhile, contrarian strategy works effectively over the horizon of 18-36 months. 1-month gap for avoiding bid-ask bounce and lead-lag effect make no considerable change to our empirical results. Transaction costs seem to have no significant impact on contrarian strategies＇ profit.

Economic Analysis of Port and PICC in Long-term Intravenous Administration for Malignant Tumor Patients in Chinese Oncology Hospital Setting

OBJECTIVE: To calculate and compare the cost of Port and PICC's application in long-term intravenous administration, and to support the decision making of hospital manager. METHODS: Literature review and patient survey in 2 oncology centers in China were carried out to investigate the cost and impact of Port and PICC for patients. The cost at different time of intravenous administration was calculated and compared. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed and tornado graph was drawn. RESULTS: Direct cost of Port at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 years were7442, 8005, 8553, and 9131 CNY, and 4700, 9399, 14032, 18799 CNY for PICC respectively. Direct & indirect cost at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 years were 9291, 11704, 14101, 16529 CNY for Port and 9697, 19393, 29023, 38787 CNY for PICC. Sensitivity analysis showed that productivity loss and device maintenance cost were the most in?uential factors to the result. CONCLUSION: Port had higher cost in short term and less in long term compared with PICC. Patients expected to get intravenous administration more than 0.5 year should use Port if both direct and indirect costs were included.

Long Run Relationships, Vertical Integration and International Competition： Can They Contribute to Explaining Regional Construction Cost Differences？

The existence of opportunistic behavior by contractors or sub-contractors in the bidding process encouraged by the governance structure of construction companies as well as the kind of relationship that exist between contractors and clients is thought to have some bearing on the rising construction cost observed in some regions of Sweden. Three hypotheses that are intended to test the impact that long run relationship between contractors and developers, vertically integrated firms, and the increase of international competition could have on the construction cost increase levels were tested on a predetermined number of projects from six cities in different regions. The semi-structured survey produces inconclusive results. Long run and collaborative relationship was prevalent in small region though respondents in this region did not draw strong connection between construction cost increase levels and the kind of observed relationship. In Stockholm region, short-term relationship was mostly prevalent. Vertical integration and foreign competition impacts on construction costs were not significant in either region.

基于成本分担讨价还价的农产品供应链双边保鲜激励

为了激励农产品供应链上下游企业积极实施保鲜,提出一种带讨价还价的成本分担契约,求出具体的保鲜成本分担比例,给出分担契约参数的取值依据。构建制造商和零售商双边保鲜的供应链博弈模型,分别研究没有讨价还价和考虑讨价还价的保鲜成本分担契约,通过比较二者差异,分析讨价还价对双边保鲜努力、农产品新鲜度和供应链系统利润的激励作用。研究表明,讨价还价会促进保鲜成本分担,零售商将分担更多的制造商保鲜成本;讨价还价会促进双边保鲜,提高农产品新鲜度,制造商和零售商都将投入更多的保鲜努力;讨价还价会促进生鲜农产品供应链运营,提高供应链系统利润;消费者新鲜度要求会强化讨价还价对双边保鲜、农产品新鲜度和供应链运营的激励,但是会抑制讨价还价促进保鲜成本分担的作用。

Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis （LCCA） model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost （VOC） and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index （IRI） data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance （LTPP） program specific pavement studies 3 （SPS-3） to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.

Multi-item EOQ model for fresh fruits with preservation technology investment,time-varying holding cost,variable deterioration and shortages

In a fruit wholesale shop,a fruiterer needs to maintain huge inventory of different ranges of fruit items for customers because of uncertainty in consumer preferences and behaviour.But demand of them may differ and different EOQ models for each item are required for optimal level of EOQ.This paper presents a single inventory model to assimilate these varieties.It is assumed that many fruit items bear constant rate of deterioration,some are with time proportional deterioration and some do not deteriorate.To control deterioration of the units in inventory,the advanced preservation technology is considered.The proposed single inventory model of this paper incorporates composite and heterogeneous features of multiple items and presents analysis for obtaining optimal level for output model parameters.

Optical storage： an emerging option in long-term digital preservation

Long-term digital preservation is an important issue in data storage area. For years, magnetic media based solutions, such as tape and hard disk drive （HDD） based archive systems, monopolize the data archiving market due to their high capacity and low cost. However, in the era of big data, rapidly increasing volume, velocity, and variety of data set bring numerous challenges to the archive systems in various aspects, such as capacity, cost, performance, reliability, power consumption, and so on. In recent years, high capacity optical media, such as bluray discs （BDs） and holographic discs, emerge with the revival of optical storage. Due to the natural simple construction of the optical media, the archive systems based on those optical media, e.g., BD library, demonstrate attractive properties, such as cost per bit, reliability, power consumption, and so on, thus become feasible options in long-term digital preservation. In this paper, we reviewed and compared both the magnetic and optical media based solutions for long-term digital preservation, followed by a summarization on techniques to improve the optical media based archive system.

论诉讼财产保全责任保险费用的性质及承担主体

司法实践对诉讼财产保全责任保险费用应由何主体承担的裁判观点较为混乱,存在由被告承担、由原告承担及由双方共同承担三种类型。裁判分歧的背后是不同法院对诉讼财产保全责任保险费用定性的差异。诉讼财产保全责任保险费用既不属于诉讼费用,也不应认定为违约损失,而应定性为财产保全担保成本。诉讼财产保全责任保险费用的性质决定了诉讼财产保全责任保险费用的承担主体应为原告,这符合财产保全担保制度的功能预设,也是原告理性衡量诉讼风险与预期收益以降低诉讼成本的结果。在诉讼财产保全责任保险担保功能较弱及财产保全错误认定困难的背景下,这有利于平衡双方诉讼地位,实现法律的实质正义。

耕地保护补偿的经济学解释

研究目的:分析耕地保护补偿中的价值分配调整,为补偿标准核算和补偿模式设计奠定理论基础。研究方法:文献资料法和模型分析法。研究结果:耕地资源配置中的市场失灵和政府失灵是建立补偿机制的原因,耕地保护补偿是通过重新调整耕地价值分配、使耕地价值的外部性内部化的过程,其基本思路是"公平优先、效率跟进"。研究结论:根据福利经济学的边际生产率分配论以及外部性内部化的基本原理得到耕地保护补偿的三大基本条件,确定补偿提供者和接受者的依据是外部性的提供或接受情况;耕地保护主体的机会成本损失是补偿额的下限,而耕地为其他社会成员提供的正外部性价值应是补偿额的上限;应根据各地的占地压力实际进行梯度化补偿,对占地压力过大或过小地区进行补偿是不经济或没必要的。

网络信息资源保存费用问题探析

随着网络信息资源保存研究和实践的不断发展,长期保存的费用问题逐渐引起广泛的关注。经费的来源、经费的使用情况、经费测算方法等成为开展网络信息资源保存项目需要关注的重要问题。本文在调研、分析目前国内外网络信息资源保存项目的基础上,结合相关案例分析,首先总结了当前网络信息资源保存的经费获取途径及经费的使用情况,然后分析了网络信息资源保存经费周期模型理论和存储设备费用计算的研究进展。

一种面向人脸识别的加权代价敏感局部保持投影

传统的局部保持降维方法追求最低的识别错误率,即假设每一类的错分代价都是相同的.这个假设在真实的人脸识别应用中往往是不成立的.人脸识别是一个多类的代价敏感和类不平衡问题.例如,在人脸识别的门禁系统中,将入侵者错分成合法者的损失往往高于将合法者错分成入侵者的损失.因此,每一类的错分代价是不同的.另外,如果任一类合法者的样本数少于入侵者的样本数,该类合法者和入侵者就是类别不平衡的.为此,将错分代价融入到局部保持的降维模型中,提出了一种错分代价最小化的局部保持降维方法.同时,采用加权策略平衡了各类样本对投影方向的贡献.在人脸数据集AR,PIE,Extended Yale B上的实验结果表明了该算法的有效性.

磷酸氢二钠相变墙板在温室中的应用效果

为改善日光温室热环境,以十二水磷酸氢二钠为相变材料,依据普通温室墙体夜间累计放热量计算出相变材料的用量为16.7kg/m2,在此基础上制备了十二水磷酸氢二钠相变蓄热墙板。建造后墙结构为＂80mm相变蓄热板＋40mm×60mm×2.5mm方钢＋80mm菱镁聚苯保温板＂日光温室,与＂240mm红砖＋100mm聚苯板＋240mm红砖＂后墙温室比较。结果表明：典型晴天时,相变蓄热板温室的气温波动幅度比对照小4.2℃,最低气温高1.5℃,最高气温低2.7℃,平均气温高1.2℃,相对湿度增加3%,墙体夜间累计放热量略大于对照;典型阴天时,相变蓄热板温室的平均气温比对照高1.6℃,相对湿度提高2.6%,墙体夜间累计放热量增加0.16MJ/m2。与此同时相变蓄热板墙体造价比对照低22元/m2,土地利用率提高4.2%~12.2%。综合保温蓄热性能和建造成本,相变蓄热墙板是一种有推广价值的温室墙体类型。

撤村并点中保留村庄选择的新思路及其应用

在当前的撤村并点中,保留村庄的选择通常是以定性分析为主,采用以人口规模、设施配套、经济实力和耕作半径为主导因素的选择思路,导致保留村庄的选择过于迁就现状和规划村庄布局模式基本雷同的弊端。在城市化快速推进、农村人口持续减少的背景下,保留村庄的选择应采用由村庄城市化能力、搬迁成本和布局模式三项指标组成的内外影响因素兼顾、理性分析与布局模式呼应、定性定量结合的新思路,避免"规模决定论"和"耕作半径论"的局限。

基于最小能耗路由的源节点位置隐私保护协议

源节点的位置隐私保护已经是制约着无线传感器网络推广的关键技术之一。同时,能源问题又是一个很大的约束,所以人们一直致力于在位置隐私保护和能量消耗之间寻找一个平衡点。本文一种基于最小能耗路由的源节点位置隐私保护协议,协议分为两个阶段:第1阶段,源节点通过定向随机步的方式以额定能耗快速地向幻影节点转发数据;第2阶段,幻影节点以避开源节点可视区的最小能耗路由向Sink转发数据。实验表明,提出的路由协议以较小的能耗达到了较高的隐私保护要求。

WSN数据融合中的隐私保护技术研究

无线传感器网络(WSN)因节点资源受限、结构自组织性等特点而对隐私保护方面有特殊需求。为此,根据隐私保护策略的不同,将现有的隐私保护算法分为基于簇结构、基于数据切片和基于加密技术3类,对CPDA、iCPDA、SMART、ESPART、CDA、RCDA、KIPDA等典型算法在计算复杂度、通信开销、时延、隐私保护性、数据完整性、入侵检测能力和融合精确性方面进行比较,总结各种算法的优缺点,并探讨WSN数据融合中隐私保护技术的下一步研究方向。