Ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress in contrast-induced nephropathy

Objective:To explore the efficacy and potential mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medic in contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN).Methods:CIN rat models and human renal proximal tubular cells(HK-2)with iopromide-induced injury were employed to mimic CIN conditions.The effect of Abelmoschus manihot extract on the rat models and HK-2 cells was evaluated.In rat models,kidney function,histology,oxidative stress and apoptosis were determined.In HK-2 cells,cell viability,apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential,and endoplasmic reticulum stress were assessed.Results:Abelmoschus manihot extract significantly improved structural and functional impairments in the kidneys of CIN rats.Additionally,the extract effectively mitigated the decline in cellular viability and reduced iopromide-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.Mechanistic investigations revealed that Abelmoschus manihot extract prominently attenuated acute endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by downregulating GRP78 and CHOP protein levels.Conclusions:Abelmoschus manihot extract can be used as a promising therapeutic and preventive agent in the treatment of CIN.

Application of Predictive Model for Efficient Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Yield in the Face of Climate Variability in Enugu State, Nigeria

Climate variability as occasioned by conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature, rainfall cessation, and irregular temperatures has considerable impact on crop yield and food security. This study develops a predictive model for cassava yield (Manihot esculenta Crantz) amidst climate variability in rainfed zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study utilized data of climate variables and tonnage of cassava yield spanning from 1971 to 2012;as well as information from a questionnaire and focus group discussion from farmers across two seasons in 2023 respectively. Regression analysis was employed to develop the predictive model equation for seasonal climate variability and cassava yield. The rainfall and temperature anomalies, decadal change in trend of cassava yield and opinion of farmers on changes in rainfall season were also computed in the study. The result shows the following relationship between cassava and all the climatic variables: R2 = 0.939;P = 0.00514;Cassava and key climatic variables: R2 = 0.560;P = 0.007. The result implies that seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and radiation parameters are key climatic variables in cassava production. This is supported by computed rainfall and temperature anomalies which range from −478.5 to 517.8 mm as well as −1.2˚C to 2.3˚C over the years. The questionnaire and focus group identified that farmers experienced at one time or another, late onset of rain, early onset of rain or rainfall cessation over the years. The farmers are not particularly sure of rainfall and temperature characteristics at any point in time. The implication of the result of this study is that rainfall and temperature parameters determine the farming season and quantity of productivity. Hence, there is urgent need to address the situation through effective and quality weather forecasting network which will help stem food insecurity in the study area and Nigeria at large. The study made recommendations such as a comprehensive early warning system on climate variability incidence which can be communicated to local farmers by agro-meteorological extension officers, research on crops that can grow with little or no rain, planning irrigation scheme, and improving tree planting culture in the study area.

Influence of Harvest Periods on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Agronomic Traits and Physiological Response to Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third largest source of calories in tropical countries and the sixth most important food crop in the World. However, the short shelf life of its storage roots after harvest due to a rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) makes the roots to be considered as a risky product to market. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of two harvest periods on cassava agronomic parameters and their physiological response to PPD. Three cassava cultivars 96/1414, I070593 and LMR were selected for the experiment and harvested at 10 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The response to PPD was assessed during storage at 0, 3, 8 and 15 days after harvest (DAH). Total proteins content, soluble sugars and starch, total polyphenols compounds, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were recorded during storage. Results showed large variation among the parameters at the two harvest periods across the cultivars. High number of tubers was recorded in all the cultivars at 12 MAP and a significant increase in storage roots length was observed in 96/1414 and LMR from 10 MAP to 12 MAP (25 ± 5.1 to 41.3 ± 5.9 and 22.6 ± 3.3 to 27.9 ± 4.8) respectively. A reduction of about 49% of tubers weight was observed in I070593 from 10 to 12 MAP while an increase of about 36% and 11% were recorded in LMR and 96/1414 respectively. Tubers from I070593 showed less susceptibility to PPD when harvested at 10 MAP compared to those from LMR and 96/1414 where less susceptibility to PPD were recorded at 12 MAP. An increase in soluble sugars content, total proteins content and peroxidase activity subsequently to a decrease in starch content were recorded during storage from 8 to 15 days after harvest especially at 10 MAP in I070593 and at 12 MAP in LMR and 96/1414. High content of total phenolic compounds and less activity of polyphenol oxidase were correlated to PPD susceptibility. This work opens a new insight issue of the consideration of the appropriate harvest time of the cultivars as a tool to better control the onset of postharvest physiological deterioration.

Microscopic Characteristics, Chromatographic Profiles and Inhibition of Peroxidase Activity of the Leaves of <i>Manihot esculenta</i>and <i>Manihot glaziovii</i>, Consumed as Traditional Vegetables

Methanolic extracts from the leaves of Manihot esculenta (Two cultivars) and Manihot glaziovii, consumed as traditional vegetables in DR. Congo was chemically characterized by Thin layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. In vitro biochemical activities of extracts against Radical Oxidative Species (ROS) production were assessed in cellular models, on enzymes, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) involved in inflammation. The microscopic analysis of the powder of leaves showed that each species displays specific and discriminating botanical microscopic features. Varieties of M. esculenta had a chemical fingerprint different from M. glaziovii. The majority of compounds were polyphenols, represented mainly by rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, amentoflavone, phenolic acids such as gallic acid. All extracts exhibited high cellular antioxidant activity in the range of 0.1 to 10 μg·mL-1 using lucigenin with neutrophils, but a moderate cellular antioxidant activity ranging between 10 and 100 μg·mL-1 with DCFDA on HL60 monocytes. Extracts from Manihot leaves showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on the production of extracellular ROS, on HRP and myeloperoxidase activity. Cellular antioxidant activities, the inhibitory effect on HRP of extracts from M. glaziovii, M. esculenta cultivar Mwambu were significantly higher, but their inhibitory effect on the activity of MPO was lower than those of M. esculenta cultivar TEM 419. The biological activities of Manihot esculenta and Manihot glaziovii were well correlated to their phytochemicals that could justify their traditional use as vegetables, potential functional foods or nutraceutical resources and medicines.

Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via interfering transforming growth factor-β1 signaling in Crohn's disease intestinal fibrosis

AIM To explore the role and mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) progress of Crohn's disease(CD) intestinal fibrosis.METHODS First,CCK-8 assay was performed to assess TFA on the viability of intestinal epithelial(IEC-6) cells and select the optimal concentrations of TFA for our further studies.Then cell morphology,wound healing and transwell assays were performed to examine the effect of TFA on morphology,migration and invasion of IEC-6 cells treated with TGF-β1.In addition,immunofluorescence,real-time PCR analysis(q RT-PCR) and western blotting assays were carried out to detect the impact of TFA on EMT progress.Moreover,western blotting assay was performed to evaluate the function of TFA on the Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Further,the role of co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors has been examined by q RTPCR,western blotting,morphology,wound healing andtranswell assays.RESULTS In this study,TFA promoted transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced(IEC-6) morphological change,migration and invasion,and increased the expression of epithelial markers and reduced the levels of mesenchymal markers,along with the inactivation of Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Moreover,we revealed that si-Smad and MAPK inhibitors effectively attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells.Importantly,co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors had better inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells than either one of them.CONCLUSION These findings could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of TFA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells and TFA is expected to advance as a new therapy to treat CD intestinal fibrosis.

Effects of Total Flavone of Abelmoschl Manihot L.Medic on the Function of Platelets and Its Mechanism

Objective: To study the effects of total flavone of Abelmoschl Manihot L.Medic (TFA) on the function of platelets and to explore its mechanism. Methods: Rat models of artery-veins bypassing thrombus formation were used. The platelets of rabbits were collected. Platelet aggregation was induced by collagen and intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) was assayed by Fura-2 method. Results: TFA (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently reduced the weight of thrombus. TFA (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mg/ml) possessed dose-dependant inhibitory effects on rabbits' platelet aggregation induced by collagen. TFA significantly reduced the resting and CaCl 2-induced increase of free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in rabbit platelet in vitro . Conclusion: TFA has an antiplatelet effect via the inhibition on the influx of Ca 2+ .

Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Manihot esculenta

Two new compounds,maniesculentins A(1)and B(6),together with four known ones were isolated from the stems of Manihot esculenta Crantz.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.The two new compounds(1,6)were assayed for antibacterial activity against four tested bacteria lines.

Advances in Studies on Total Flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medic.

Flos Abelmoschus manihot has a long history of application.Recent studies show that total flavone of A.manihot(L.)Medic(TFA)has a wide range of pharmacological activity.This article is a review mainly on chemical composition,method of determination and pharmacologic action of TFA,and it raises research and development direction.

Abelmoschus manihot polysaccharide fortifies intestinal mucus barrier to alleviate intestinal inflammation by modulating Akkermansia muciniphila abundance

The intestinal mucus barrier is an important line of defense against gut pathogens.Damage to this barrier brings bacteria into close contact with the epithelium,leading to intestinal inflammation.Therefore,its restoration is a promising strategy for alleviating intestinal inflammation.This study showed that Abelmoschus manihot polysaccharide(AMP)fortifies the intestinal mucus barrier by increasing mucus production,which plays a crucial role in the AMP-mediated amelioration of colitis.IL-10-deficient mouse models demonstrated that the effect of AMP on mucus production is dependent on IL-10.Moreover,bacterial depletion and replenishment confirmed that the effects of AMP on IL-10 secretion and mucus production were mediated by Akkermansia muciniphila.These findings suggest that plant polysaccharides fortify the intestinal mucus barrier by maintaining homeostasis in the gut microbiota.This demonstrates that targeting mucus barrier is a promising strategy for treating intestinal inflammation.

金花葵花黄酮超声辅助提取工艺优化及性能

以金花葵花为原料,采用超声辅助提取法提取了金花葵花黄酮,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了提取工艺,评估了最佳工艺条件下提取的金花葵花黄酮的抗氧化活性及安全性。结果表明,金花葵花黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比(g∶m L)1∶15、体积分数80%的乙醇水溶液为溶剂、超声功率300 W、超声时间35 min、提取温度75℃,在该条件下,金花葵花黄酮提取率为89.97%。质量浓度为1.00 g/L金花葵花黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼自由基、羟基自由基和2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)自由基的清除率最高,分别为94.81%、95.24%、82.80%;对三者的半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))分别为106.00、70.06和213.80μg/m L。金花葵花黄酮质量浓度≤0.4 g/L时,其对红细胞溶血率均<10%,属于轻度刺激;质量浓度为1.00 g/L的金花葵花黄酮对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜无溶血。

矮壮素浸种对木薯苗期生长的影响

为改进木薯种茎的矮壮素浸种技术,设置不浸种、不同浓度矮壮素(0、50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L、300 mg/L)浸种、不同浸种时长(6 h、12 h),研究其对袋栽木薯幼苗根、茎、叶的生长及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与不浸种比较,100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和12 h显著增粗茎径;200 mg/L浸种6 h、50 mg/L浸种12 h均显著提高总根长,并增粗细根根径。其中,总根长增幅分别达22.69%~31.33%、27.38%~36.86%,细根根径增幅分别达10.53%~20.29%、17.11%~20.29%;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高茎叶干重和膨大根干重;50~200 mg/L浸种6 h显著提高细根干重32.77%~76.76%,50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高细根干重25.54%~71.83%;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高薯干淀粉含量;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h有效提高土壤脲酶活性,100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和12 h均提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性。50~200 mg/L矮壮素溶液浸泡木薯种茎6 h,能较好促进木薯苗的根、茎、叶生长,并提高土壤的脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。

黄蜀葵花总多糖的提取工艺研究

黄蜀葵是我国的传统中药材,具有较高的药用价值和经济价值,其根、茎、叶、花和种子都可供药用。目前研究大多集中在黄蜀葵花的黄酮类成分,较少关注多糖类成分。本文选用热水浸取回流提取法,以黄蜀葵花总多糖的含量为考察指标,通过单因素考察筛选适当的条件,进行正交试验。选用蒽酮-硫酸法对提取物进行显色,采用紫外分光光度法对提取液中总多糖的含量进行测定,得到黄蜀葵花总多糖的最佳提取工艺,即料液比1:50、提取温度100℃、提取时间4.5 h,为进一步研究和开发黄蜀葵花多糖奠定了基础,为黄蜀葵相关药材的综合利用和开发提供依据。

黄葵胶囊通过Wnt/β-catenin通路保护IgA肾病大鼠的机制研究

目的探讨黄葵胶囊对IgA肾病大鼠保护作用的分子机制。方法采用血清白蛋白灌胃+四氯化碳皮下注射+脂多糖尾静脉注射建立IgA肾病模型。将健康雌性大鼠随机分为对照组(A组)、IgA肾病模型组(B组)、黄葵胶囊治疗组(C组)以及IgA肾病黄葵胶囊治疗组(D组)。C组和D组予黄葵胶囊灌胃。4周后收集大鼠血清、尿液和肾脏组织样本。观察肾脏病理变化;检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的相对mRNA表达;检测β-catenin和α-SMA的蛋白表达;检测24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮的含量。结果24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮肾脏损害指标、肾脏组织损害、β-catenin及α-SMA mRNA表达水平、β-catenin及α-SMA蛋白表达水平,与A组相比,C组均无明显差异,B组和D组均明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论黄葵胶囊对健康大鼠无明显肾脏保护作用,可以减轻IgA肾病大鼠的肾损害,降低Wnt/β-catenin通路表达,可能与其抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活化有关。

甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对黄蜀葵植株表型性状和花黄酮类成分含量的影响及优株筛选

以甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)为化学诱变剂,对体积分数1.0%(T1)、1.2%(T2)、1.4%(T3)、1.6%(T4)EMS诱变处理后黄蜀葵〔Abelmoschus manihot(Linn.)Medik.〕植株表型性状和花黄酮类成分含量差异进行比较,对单株花产量和花黄酮类成分含量与植株表型性状进行相关性分析,并基于单株花总黄酮产量进行优株筛选。结果表明:与对照组(体积分数0.0%EMS)相比,EMS处理组黄蜀葵株型变为接近丛生或丛生,叶裂片细长,花冠较小。4个EMS处理组黄蜀葵的株高较对照组显著(P<0.05)降低,茎粗与对照组差异不显著;随着EMS体积分数增加,叶片长、叶片宽、叶裂片长、叶裂片宽总体上先降低后升高,其中,体积分数1.4%和1.6%EMS处理组的叶片长、叶片宽、叶裂片长、叶裂片宽均高于或显著高于对照组;4个EMS处理组的花直径和花瓣宽低于或显著低于对照组,花瓣长和始花节数与对照组差异不显著,但体积分数1.4%和1.6%EMS处理组的单株开花数和单株花产量显著高于对照组。与对照组相比,4个EMS处理组花中6个黄酮类成分及总黄酮含量多无显著变化,仅体积分数1.0%和1.4%EMS处理组的棉皮素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷含量以及体积分数1.0%EMS处理组的槲皮素-3′-O-葡萄糖苷含量显著升高。相关性分析结果显示:单株花产量与茎粗、叶片长、叶裂片长、始花节数和蒴果长显著正相关,与单株开花数极显著(P<0.01)正相关,而花中6个黄酮类成分和总黄酮含量与植株表型性状多无显著相关性。优株筛选结果显示:编号T3-3、T4-5、T3-1和T1-3植株的单株花总黄酮产量均在65 g以上,排名前4。总体来看,体积分数1.4%EMS的诱变效果最佳;并且,编号T3-3、T4-5、T3-1和T1-3单株可作为黄蜀葵高花总黄酮产量的优株。

金花葵的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

金花葵(Hibiscus manihot L.)为药食两用植物,含有黄酮、脂肪酸、多糖、氨基酸、核苷酸、微量元素、叶黄素等活性成分,具有解热镇痛、抗炎、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、抗心肌缺血、调节血脂、保护肝脏等功效。综述了金花葵的化学成分和药理作用研究进展,为金花葵的深入研究及开发应用提供了参考。

木薯NHX基因家族鉴定及特征分析

【目的】鉴定木薯NHX基因家族成员并分析特征,为研究木薯耐盐新种质和挖掘木薯抗逆特性基因具有重要意义。【方法】基于全基因组水平上对木薯NHX基因家族进行鉴定,对其系统进化树、蛋白理化性质、保守结构、保守基序、共线性、蛋白互作等进行分析。【结果】在木薯中共鉴定到9条MeNHX基因(MeNHX1~MeNHX9),分为3个亚族,且不均匀地分布在7条染色体上,其中,染色体Chr03和Chr15中均包含2条MeNHX基因,染色体Chr01、Chr08、Chr09、Chr10和Chr17均只有1条MeNHX基因。MeNHX蛋白有520~1 157个氨基酸,其相对分子质量为58.09~128.21 kDa,理论等电点为5.63~9.11;为两性蛋白,不稳定系数为34.60~41.34;为疏水性蛋白,其GRAVY为0.094~0.595。9条MeNHX基因均含有典型的Na^(+)/H^(+)保守结构域,木薯NHX存在多个共线性区块,进化压力Ka/Ks值均小于1,主要受纯化选择作用;含有光响应、生物胁迫及非生物胁迫作用相关元件MeNHX基因同多条离子通道基因存在蛋白互作关系。【结论】MeNHX基因在木薯受到光、生物胁迫和非生物胁迫时参与生长发育过程,以适应其环境变化。

木薯FER基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表达分析

植物铁蛋白(Ferritin, FER)既能存储铁,又能响应各种非生物胁迫。该研究基于全基因组水平对木薯(Manihot esculenta)的FER基因家族进行分析,结果表明,从木薯中共鉴定到4个FER基因,根据系统发育树将木薯FER基因划分为2支,所有成员均包含Euk_Ferritin的功能结构域并位于叶绿体内。木薯FERs基因位于LG7~LG10染色体上;基因共线性分析表明,共有3对潜在的复制基因对,无串联重复事件;Ka/Ks值表明,MeFER同源基因经过了纯化选择;该家族含有响应激素和胁迫诱导的顺式作用元件;q RT-PCR分析表明,MeFER基因的表达具有组织特异性,MeFER4基因响应多种胁迫,且在干旱胁迫下响应最为显著。该研究为木薯FER基因家族的功能研究奠定了基础。

连作木薯对根际与非根际土壤真菌群落结构演替的影响

为揭示木薯连作障碍形成机制,该研究以定点大田连作木薯三年,利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学手段研究连作年限对木薯根际与非根际土壤真菌群落结构演替的影响。结果表明:(1)连作对木薯根际与非根际土壤真菌群落α多样性及β多样性影响显著。(2)木薯的主要优势菌门为子囊菌门、SAR超类群、担子菌门、毛霉门和unclassified_k Fungi,主要优势菌纲为粪壳菌纲、散囊菌纲、座囊菌纲。非根际土壤中,子囊菌门组成变化较大,从第一年的漆斑菌属、粪壳菌纲、座囊菌纲向单一的Knufia属演化;根际土壤的真菌则从子囊菌门的肉座菌目、刺盾炱目、漆斑菌属、座囊菌纲、粪壳菌纲向领鞭毛虫门Monosiga属演化。(3)土壤pH、有机质含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、脲酶活性对土壤真菌群落结构影响显著,尤其影响子囊菌门、SAR超类群、担子菌门和毛霉门的分布。综上认为,木薯连作会引起根系分泌物累积,改变土壤理化性质及真菌的生存环境,进而引起根际与非根际土壤真菌群落多样性和丰富度的变化。其中,非根际土壤中子囊菌由漆斑菌属、粪壳菌纲、座囊菌纲向单一的Knufia属演变;根际土壤中子囊菌门的肉座菌目、漆斑菌属、粪壳菌纲等有益真菌的相对丰度随连作年限的增加而降低,进而引发木薯连作障碍。

金花葵中黄酮的提取及纯化研究进展

金花葵中的黄酮作为一种抗氧化剂,能够清除人体内自由基,还有改善人体血液循环、抑菌消炎、保护心血管等功能。本文就国内外金花葵中黄酮的提取、纯化技术及相关路线、天然植物中的黄酮发展动态及前沿进展进行了综述,以期为探索高效提取及纯化金花葵中黄酮的方法提供依据。

一种轮式采花机器人设计——以黄蜀葵为例

针对黄蜀葵花朵特定采收的时间和人工采摘效率过低的问题,为实现各类花朵采摘机械化和智能化的需求,以黄蜀葵花朵为例并结合其生长特性,设计一种轮式采花机器人。采用工控机和嵌入式微控制器作为采花机器人的主控系统,执行机构采用电力驱动,以蓄电池供电,通过多个推杆电机、舵机和动态基座(基于航姿参考系统,可自动调节工作平台倾角的机构)构成轮式行走机构,采用两个摄像头分别同时获取黄蜀葵花朵图像,通过深度识别算法以筛选识别可采摘的目标,采用多个舵机配合带轮结构构成机械臂和夹爪的控制机构,以完成花朵的采摘与收集。试验结果表明,机器人对花朵定位的准确率可达75%,识别率高达100%。采花机器人通过主控制系统在试验田里能成功完成采摘作业,由机械臂配合其夹爪成功抓取花朵,上位机软件可以完成图像采集识别、机械臂控制和机器人工作路线的行驶等操作。该机器人适用于各地黄蜀葵和其他部分植物花朵的采集。