Fishmeal is the most preferred source of protein in aquafeeds, but it is expensive and scarce. Hence, Achatina fulica meat meal (AFM), which is much less preferred for human consumption out of three species of African...Fishmeal is the most preferred source of protein in aquafeeds, but it is expensive and scarce. Hence, Achatina fulica meat meal (AFM), which is much less preferred for human consumption out of three species of African giant land snails, was tested as a fishmeal substitute for Clarias gariepinus growth. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-calorific diets were formulated, in which AFM substituted fish meal at 0% (control or Diet A), 25% (Diet B), 50% (Diet C), 75% (Diet D) and 100% (Diet E). These dietary treatments were each replicated thrice in a completely randomized design experiment, using 36-L plastic tanks in which the fish were fed daily rations corresponding to 5% of their body weight, for 8 weeks. Water quality parameters in the tanks were monitored. Proximate analyses were conducted on the fish meal, snail meal and experimental diets before the feeding trials. Cost-benefit analysis of the different diets was performed. The crude protein content of AFM (69.18%) was significantly higher than that of fish meal (55.81%). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and survival rate in fish fed Diet A and Diet B. The best protein efficiency ratio (0.77) was recorded in fish fed Diet B. Furthermore, the survival rate of fish increased with increased levels of AFM substitution. Water quality parameters were within a suitable range for tropical fish culture, indicating that the AFM did not pollute the water. The fish fed 25% AFM diet significantly (P Clarias gariepinus diets at a 25% substitution level. The aquaculture industry can thus exploit the availability of this feed resource.展开更多
Background The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance,makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth,health,and well-being of farmed animals.Debaryomyces hansenii is a ye...Background The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance,makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth,health,and well-being of farmed animals.Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i)promote cell proliferation and differen-tiation,ii)have immunostimulatory effects,iii)modulate gut microbiota,and/or iv)enhance the digestive function.To provide inside into the effects of D.hansenii on juveniles of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)condition,we inte-grated the evaluation of the main key performance indicators coupled with the integrative analysis of the intestine condition,through histological and microbiota state,and its transcriptomic profiling.Results After 70 days of a nutritional trial in which a diet with low levels of fishmeal(7%)was supplemented with 1.1%of D.hansenii(17.2×10^(5) CFU),an increase of ca.12%in somatic growth was observed together with an improve-ment in feed conversion in fish fed a yeast-supplemented diet.In terms of intestinal condition,this probiotic modu-lated gut microbiota without affecting the intestine cell organization,whereas an increase in the staining intensity of mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulphated glycoconjugates coupled with changes in the affinity for certain lectins were noted in goblet cells.Changes in microbiota were characterized by the reduction in abundance of several groups of Proteobacteria,especially those characterized as opportunistic groups.The microarrays-based transcrip-tomic analysis found 232 differential expressed genes in the anterior-mid intestine of S.aurata,that were mostly related to metabolic,antioxidant,immune,and symbiotic processes.Conclusions Dietary administration of D.hansenii enhanced somatic growth and improved feed efficiency param-eters,results that were coupled to an improvement of intestinal condition as histochemical and transcriptomic tools indicated.This probiotic yeast stimulated host-microbiota interactions without altering the intestinal cell organization nor generating dysbiosis,which demonstrated its safety as a feed additive.At the transcriptomic level,D.hansenii pro-moted metabolic pathways,mainly protein-related,sphingolipid,and thymidylate pathways,in addition to enhance antioxidant-related intestinal mechanisms,and to regulate sentinel immune processes,potentiating the defensive capacity meanwhile maintaining the homeostatic status of the intestine.展开更多
Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracte...Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.展开更多
Rapeseed meal is a promising food ingredient, but its utilization is limited by the presence of some potentially harmful ingredients, such as glucosinolates. Fermentation is a cost-effective method of detoxication but...Rapeseed meal is a promising food ingredient, but its utilization is limited by the presence of some potentially harmful ingredients, such as glucosinolates. Fermentation is a cost-effective method of detoxication but a food-grade starter culture with glucosinolates degradation capacity is required. In this study, 46 strains of lactic acid bacteria from traditional paocai brines were screened for their ability to glucosinolate degradation. The results showed that more than 50% of the strains significantly degraded glucosinolates. Two strains of Lactiplantibacillus(p7 and s7) with high capacity of glucosinolates degradation through producing enzymes were identified. Then,an optimized condition for rapeseed meal fermentation by p7 was established to degrade glucosinolates, which can achieve about 80% degradation. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis showed that the degradation rate of individual glucosinolates was different and the degradation rate of gluconapin and progoitrin in rapeseed meal can reach more than 90%. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can improve safety of rapeseed meal by inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and improve its nutritional properties by degrading phytic acid. The in vitro digestion experiments showed that the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal decreased significantly during gastric digestion. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can greatly improve the release of soluble protein and increase the contents of free essential amino acids, such as lysine(increased by 12 folds) and methionine(increased by 10 folds).展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor desig...This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fishmeal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibilit...A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fishmeal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The experimental diets included 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% MBM or PBM replacement of total fishmeal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric. The results showed that there are no significant differences (P 〉0.05) in growth performance among the treatments fed with 0% -60% MBM replacement of fishmeal, while the percent weight gain (WG, % ), body length gain (BLG, % ) and ADC significantly decrease when fishmeal is replaced by 80% MBM. The result showed also that there are no significant differences (P 〉0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all treatments fed with the diets with 0% -80% replacements of fishmeal with PBM.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility c...A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-60% fish meal had been replaced with MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-80% fish meal had been replaced with PBM.展开更多
Background: Two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. In the first trial, 360 trout(...Background: Two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. In the first trial, 360 trout(178.9 ± 9.8 g of mean initial body weight) were randomly divided into three experimental groups(4 tanks/treatment, 30 fish/tank). The fish were fed for 78 days with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of HI, on as fed basis: 0%(HI0, control diet), 25%(HI25) and 50%(HI50) of fish meal substitution, corresponding to dietary inclusion levels of 0, 20% and 40%. In the second trial, 36 trout(4 tanks/treatment, 3 fish/tank) were used to evaluate the in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of the same diets used in the first trial.Results: Survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, and dorsal fillet physical quality parameters were not affected by diet. The highest dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal increased dry matter and ether extract contents of trout dorsal fillet. The use of HI larvae meal induced a decrease of valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) even if differences were only reported at the highest level of HI inclusion. The insect meal worsened the lipids health indexes of the same muscle. Dietary inclusion of insect meal did not alter the villus height of the fish. No differences were found among treatments in relation to ADC of ether extract and gross energy, while ADC of dry matter and crude protein were higher in HI25 if compared to HI50.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that a partially defatted HI larvae meal can be used as feed ingredient in trout diets up to 40% of inclusion level without impacting survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, dorsal fillet physical quality parameters, and intestinal morphology of the fish. However, further investigations on specific feeding strategies and diet formulations are needed to limit the observed negative effects of the insect meal on the FA composition of dorsal muscle.展开更多
[Objective] To investigate the optimal enzyme for the hydrolysis of corn gluten meal and the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the enzyme. [Method] Nine kinds of enzymes were used to hydrolyze the corn gluten meal, us...[Objective] To investigate the optimal enzyme for the hydrolysis of corn gluten meal and the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the enzyme. [Method] Nine kinds of enzymes were used to hydrolyze the corn gluten meal, using the formaldehyde titration method for the determination of hydrolysis degree, and orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for double enzymes hydrol- ysis of corn gluten meal. [Result] The optimal pretreatment condition for corn gluten meal is heating at 121 ~C for 30 min. The double enzyme hydrolysis for the pro- treated corn gluten meal using 2709 alkaline protease and flavourzyme showed that the degree of hydrolysis could reach 32.4% with enzyme addition amount of 4%, hy- drolysis time of 4 h at 45℃ and pH=7.0. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the study on the preparation of bioactive peptides such as oligopeptide with high F value and antihypertensive peptides, further improving the corn intensive process- ing industrial chain.展开更多
This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to ne...This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60 d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.展开更多
A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The...A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.展开更多
Extruded soybean meal (ESBM) was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei. In the control diet (Diet 1), FM protein was replaced with inc...Extruded soybean meal (ESBM) was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei. In the control diet (Diet 1), FM protein was replaced with increasing dietary levels of ESBM (4.28%, 8.40%, 12.62%, 16.82%, and 25.26%) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% levels (Diets 2 to 6, respectively). An eight-week feeding trial was conducted on 720 juvenile shrimp (0.67 g ± 0.01 g mean initial Weight), and nutrient digestibility of the six diets was determined. ESBM could replace 20% of FM without causing a significant reduction in growth of shrimp, but other dietary treatments strongly affected whole body composition. Crude protein content of the whole body fed Diet 6 was significantly lower than that fed Diet 2 (P〈0.05), while crude lipid content of the whole body fed Diet 5 or 6 was significantly higher than that fed Diet 2 (P〈0,05). Protein digestibilities of Diets 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of Diet 1 (P〈0.05). Digestibility of lipids ranged from 96.97% in Diet 6 to 98.34% in Diet 3, whereas dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing replacement level. This study indicates that 20% FM replacement with ESBM in the basic diet containing 40% protein and 30% FM is optimal for juvenile L. vannamei.展开更多
Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein sup...Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status,intestinal oxidative stress,mucosaassociated microbiota,and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods Sixty nursery pigs(6.6±0.5 kg BW)were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks.Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases(P1,P2,and P3).Treatments were:Control(CON),basal diet with fish meal 4%,2%,and 1%,poultry meal 10%,8%,and 4%,and blood plasma 4%,2%,and 1%for P1,P2,and P3,respectively;basal diet with soy protein concentrate(SPC),enzyme-treated soybean meal(ESB),fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus(FSBL),and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus(FSBB),replacing 1/3,2/3,and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1,P2,and P3,respectively.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results The SPC did not affect the BW,ADG,and G:F,whereas it tended to reduce(P=0.094)the ADFI and tended to increase(P=0.091)crypt cell proliferation.The ESM did not affect BW,ADG,ADFI,and G:F,whereas tended to decrease(P=0.098)protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa.The FSBL decreased(P<0.05)BW and ADG,increased(P<0.05)TNF-α,and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA(P=0.065)and IgG(P=0.089)in jejunal mucosa.The FSBB tended to increase(P=0.073)TNF-α,increased(P<0.05)Clostridium and decreased(P<0.05)Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa.Conclusions Soy protein concentrate,enzyme-treated soybean meal,and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33%until 7 kg body weight,up to 67%from 7 to 11 kg body weight,and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs.Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus,however,increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.展开更多
Background:Recent investigations highlighted that Hermetia illucens(BSF)larva meal can be a valuable alternative protein source for aquafeed production.In this study,in substitution of fishmeal,we used increasing incl...Background:Recent investigations highlighted that Hermetia illucens(BSF)larva meal can be a valuable alternative protein source for aquafeed production.In this study,in substitution of fishmeal,we used increasing inclusion levels of a partially defatted BSF larva meal in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)and we evaluated the related implications in terms of growth performance,physical characteristics,proximate and fatty acid(FA)compositions of the fillets,gut and liver histology,and diet digestibility.In a 131-day trial,576 fish(100.1±9.29 g)were randomly allotted to 24 tanks(24 fish/tank,4 replicates/treatment).Six experimental diets were produced to have partial replacement of fishmeal(0,10%,20%,30%,40%and 50%)by increasing levels of BSF meal(0%[BSF0],3%[BSF3],6%[BSF6],9%[BSF9],12%[BSF12]and 15%[BSF15]on as fed basis,respectively).Results:No differences were observed among the treatments for all the considered growth performance parameters.The viscero and hepato-somatic indexes showed significant differences among the treatments,with the highest values observed in the BSF15 group.No differences were recorded in terms of fillet’s physical characteristics,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP)and ether extract(EE)contents.Total saturated and monounsaturated FA increased,while polyunsaturated FA(particularly n-3 FA)decreased while increasing the HI meal inclusion in the diet.Histopathology of liver and gut was not affected,whereas,in posterior gut,villi were higher in BSF6 and BSF9 compared to BSF3 fish.The apparent digestibility of DM,CP,EE and gross energy did not vary among the treatments.Conclusions:These results suggest that a partially defatted BSF meal could be included up to 15%in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout with no adverse effects on growth performance,fillet’s physical characteristics,gut and liver health,and diet digestibility.On the contrary,the fillet FA composition worsened while increasing the level of BSF meal in the diet.展开更多
In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composi...In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composition of PM and fish meal were determined and compared.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in PM and fish meal were 3.25%and 8.92%,66.65%and 66.67%,13.52%and 8.23%,18.25%and 21.50%,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA)in PM and fish meal were 19.94%and 22.35%,respectively.For PM and fish meal,the first limiting amino acid was Met(methionine)+Cys(cysteine),and the second limiting amino acid was Lys(lysine);their essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 66.60 and 77.04,respectively;and their delicious amino acid(DAA)contents were 26.89%and 23.15%,respectively.In summary,the meat and bone meal of pigs died of non-communicable diseases has the characteristics of high protein and low ash contents,and has certain development and utilization potential as a recycled waste resource,especially in aquatic feed to replace fish meal.展开更多
Maggot meal was used to replace 0, 20% , 40% , 60% , 80% , 100% of the fish meal in the hasal feed, getting 6 kinds of feed with the same nitrogen content and equal energy (marked as group H0, H20, H40, H60, H80, H10...Maggot meal was used to replace 0, 20% , 40% , 60% , 80% , 100% of the fish meal in the hasal feed, getting 6 kinds of feed with the same nitrogen content and equal energy (marked as group H0, H20, H40, H60, H80, H100), which were used to feed the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (loach) for60 d. The effects of the fish meal replacement by maggot meal on the growth performance of M. anguiUicaudatus were studied by comparing the growth performances and body indica- tors of M. anguillicaudatus fed with different feed groups. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate of the M. anguillicaudatus in group H40 showed no significant difference with the control P 〉0.05 ), but was significantly higher than that of other groups P 〈0.05 ). Moreover, except group H40, the feed coefficients of all other groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P 〈0.05 ). The M. anguillicaudatus in group 1-140 had the highest condition factor and COR and the lowest viscera index, all of which showed significant differences with the other replacement groups (P 〈0.05) but the difference with the control group was not significant (P 〉 0.05). Thus, a proportion of 40% of the fish meal replaced with maggot meal in the mixed feed for the M. anguilli- caudatus could improve the growth performance and physique indexes of M. anguillicaudatus.展开更多
The present study was carried out to investigate the total and partial replacement of Jojoba meal (JM), Simmondsia chinensis, with fishmeal (FM) at different levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on growth perfor...The present study was carried out to investigate the total and partial replacement of Jojoba meal (JM), Simmondsia chinensis, with fishmeal (FM) at different levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on growth performance, feed utilization, and carcass composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fingerlings with an average weight of 1.65 ± 0.01 g/fish stocked at a rate of 10 fish/aquarium for 84 days experimental period. All experimental diets were isocaloric (437.69 kcal/100 g Dry Matter, DM) and isonitrogenous (30.5% crude protein) and supplemented with 0.5% L-Methionine and 0.5% L-Lysine Hcl. Results showed that there were a significant differences (P 〈 0.05) in final body weights, average daily gain (g fish^-1 dayl), specific growth rate (SGR, % day^-1), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV%) and energy retention (ER%) among the tested groups. Nile tilapia fingerlings fed on the diet containing 25% S. chinensis protein exhibited comparable growth performance to those fed FM protein based diet. Carcass composition of crude protein decreased significantly (P 〈_ 0.05) with increasing JM replacement level above 50%, while replacement 25% JM does not affect DM and Crude Protein of fish flesh. On the other hand, increasing JM replacement level up to 75% increased Ether Extract % significantly (P 〈 0.05) and increasing JM up to 100% increased ash content significantly (P ≤ 0.05) while energy content (EC) decreased. It could be concluded the replacement of 25% Jojoba meal instead of fishmeal in Nile tilapia fingerlings diets is possible without any adverse effects on its growth performance or feed utilization.展开更多
Background:Protein meals,Concentrate and Isolates are widely use as bioactive ingredients in functional food.In this study,the effect of toasting of Aduwa(Balanites aegyptiaca)seed on the phytochemicals,Anti nutrient,...Background:Protein meals,Concentrate and Isolates are widely use as bioactive ingredients in functional food.In this study,the effect of toasting of Aduwa(Balanites aegyptiaca)seed on the phytochemicals,Anti nutrient,in vitro protein digestibility and functional properties of Aduwa Protein Meals,Protein Concentrate and Isolate were investigated.Methods:Aduwa seeds toasted at 70°C to make Aduwa protein meal(APM)yield extensive resolved biomaterials.The meal were resolved into DAPM,APC and API.Results:Phytochemicals analysis revealed reduction as APM sample is being resolved to protein concentrate and isolate.Similar trend was also observed in Anti-nutrients content significant reduction as material meal are resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.The in-vitro protein digestibility showed that APM(59.81%)and API(76.41%)had high percentage protein digestibility.Functional properties declined as meals materials were been resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.Swelling capacity revealed that resolved and unresolved samples leached biomolecules.Conclusion:The results obtained showed nutritional potential,and safety of biomaterials from Aduwa meals,an alternative food ingredient for protein supplementation.展开更多
Wheat germ meal is the by production of oil extracting, and a great quantity of it has been wasted, thus the quantity of lost protein is great. In order to use wheat germ meal proteins adequately, wheat germ proteins ...Wheat germ meal is the by production of oil extracting, and a great quantity of it has been wasted, thus the quantity of lost protein is great. In order to use wheat germ meal proteins adequately, wheat germ proteins were hydrolyzed to anti-oxidation peptides by using alkaline protease. Through the single factor analysis and regression analysis, the optimized experiment conditions of hydrolysising wheat germ meal to wheat germ peptides were enzymatic quantity 0.8%(w/w), material to liquid ratio 1∶12.3, enzymolysis time 2.1 h. Under these conditions, the scavenging effect was 49.78%,the DH was 22% and peptides content in enzymatic hydrolysate was 1.9%(w/w).By SDS-PAGE electrophoresis,the molecular weight range of wheat germ peptides were below 10 ku and most were between 4.54 and 5.63 ku.The wheat germ proteins could be used ful y and grain resources would be saved.展开更多
Sun-dried blend of maize offal and blood (SDMBM) was analyzed and its effect on the per- formance of broiler chickens (Anak-2000 strain) evaluated. Fresh blood prevented from coagu- lation, mixed with maize offal, was...Sun-dried blend of maize offal and blood (SDMBM) was analyzed and its effect on the per- formance of broiler chickens (Anak-2000 strain) evaluated. Fresh blood prevented from coagu- lation, mixed with maize offal, was sun-dried, ground, mixed again with blood and ground into a meal after drying again. The crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, ADF and gross energy contents of SDMBM were, 362.0, 45.5, 31.8, 69.3, 52.3 g/kg DM and 4.245 kcal/g, respectively. It was ade- quate in all essential amino acids for growing broiler chickens except methionine. Eighty 14- day-old commercial broiler chicks were ran- domly allocated to four dietary treatments (fed ad libitum;four replicates each) consisting the control diet (0 g SDMBM/kg diet), which con- tained fishmeal, groundnut cake and soybean meal, and three other diets (50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diet). In a feeding trial, the starter (14 to 35 d) and finisher (35 to 49 d) dietary treat- ments did not have significant impact (P > 0.05) on body weight gain, efficiency of feed conver- sion, mortality and final body weights. The con- trol diet was inferior (P < 0.05) to 50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diets for feed cost per unit weight gain in the starter phase, 100 g SDMBM/kg diet in the finisher phase, and 100 and 150 g SDMBM/ kg diets for the whole period (14 to 49 d). Overall, the 100 and 150 g superior (P < 0.05) to the con- trol diet in cost of production per unit weight gain and all the SDMBM diets greater than con- trol in economic benefit per unit weight gain. Results suggest that dietary SDMBM up to 150 g/kg diet has a positive effect on broiler per- formance and can totally replace more expen- sive fishmeal.展开更多
文摘Fishmeal is the most preferred source of protein in aquafeeds, but it is expensive and scarce. Hence, Achatina fulica meat meal (AFM), which is much less preferred for human consumption out of three species of African giant land snails, was tested as a fishmeal substitute for Clarias gariepinus growth. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-calorific diets were formulated, in which AFM substituted fish meal at 0% (control or Diet A), 25% (Diet B), 50% (Diet C), 75% (Diet D) and 100% (Diet E). These dietary treatments were each replicated thrice in a completely randomized design experiment, using 36-L plastic tanks in which the fish were fed daily rations corresponding to 5% of their body weight, for 8 weeks. Water quality parameters in the tanks were monitored. Proximate analyses were conducted on the fish meal, snail meal and experimental diets before the feeding trials. Cost-benefit analysis of the different diets was performed. The crude protein content of AFM (69.18%) was significantly higher than that of fish meal (55.81%). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and survival rate in fish fed Diet A and Diet B. The best protein efficiency ratio (0.77) was recorded in fish fed Diet B. Furthermore, the survival rate of fish increased with increased levels of AFM substitution. Water quality parameters were within a suitable range for tropical fish culture, indicating that the AFM did not pollute the water. The fish fed 25% AFM diet significantly (P Clarias gariepinus diets at a 25% substitution level. The aquaculture industry can thus exploit the availability of this feed resource.
基金financed through the DIETAplus project of JACUMAR(Junta de Cultivos Marinos,MAPAMASpanish government),which is cofunded with FEMP funds(EU)+3 种基金funded by means of grants from the Spanish Government:PID2019-106878RB-I00 and IS was granted with a Postdoctoral fellowship(FJC2020-043933-I)support of Fondecyt iniciación(project number 11221308)Fondecyt regular(project number 11221308)grants(Agencia Nacional de Investigacióny Desarrollo de Chile,Government of Chile),respectivelythe framework of the network LARVAplus“Strategies for the development and im-provement of fish larvae production in Ibero-America”(117RT0521)funded by the Ibero-American Program of Science and Technology for Development(CYTED,Spain)。
文摘Background The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance,makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth,health,and well-being of farmed animals.Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i)promote cell proliferation and differen-tiation,ii)have immunostimulatory effects,iii)modulate gut microbiota,and/or iv)enhance the digestive function.To provide inside into the effects of D.hansenii on juveniles of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)condition,we inte-grated the evaluation of the main key performance indicators coupled with the integrative analysis of the intestine condition,through histological and microbiota state,and its transcriptomic profiling.Results After 70 days of a nutritional trial in which a diet with low levels of fishmeal(7%)was supplemented with 1.1%of D.hansenii(17.2×10^(5) CFU),an increase of ca.12%in somatic growth was observed together with an improve-ment in feed conversion in fish fed a yeast-supplemented diet.In terms of intestinal condition,this probiotic modu-lated gut microbiota without affecting the intestine cell organization,whereas an increase in the staining intensity of mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulphated glycoconjugates coupled with changes in the affinity for certain lectins were noted in goblet cells.Changes in microbiota were characterized by the reduction in abundance of several groups of Proteobacteria,especially those characterized as opportunistic groups.The microarrays-based transcrip-tomic analysis found 232 differential expressed genes in the anterior-mid intestine of S.aurata,that were mostly related to metabolic,antioxidant,immune,and symbiotic processes.Conclusions Dietary administration of D.hansenii enhanced somatic growth and improved feed efficiency param-eters,results that were coupled to an improvement of intestinal condition as histochemical and transcriptomic tools indicated.This probiotic yeast stimulated host-microbiota interactions without altering the intestinal cell organization nor generating dysbiosis,which demonstrated its safety as a feed additive.At the transcriptomic level,D.hansenii pro-moted metabolic pathways,mainly protein-related,sphingolipid,and thymidylate pathways,in addition to enhance antioxidant-related intestinal mechanisms,and to regulate sentinel immune processes,potentiating the defensive capacity meanwhile maintaining the homeostatic status of the intestine.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFD1300202)the nutritional value evaluation and parameter establishment of protein feedstuffs for sowsthe Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China(125D0203-16190295)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Sichuan Province(No.2021ZDZX0009)。
文摘Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.
基金provided by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. BE2022362)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘Rapeseed meal is a promising food ingredient, but its utilization is limited by the presence of some potentially harmful ingredients, such as glucosinolates. Fermentation is a cost-effective method of detoxication but a food-grade starter culture with glucosinolates degradation capacity is required. In this study, 46 strains of lactic acid bacteria from traditional paocai brines were screened for their ability to glucosinolate degradation. The results showed that more than 50% of the strains significantly degraded glucosinolates. Two strains of Lactiplantibacillus(p7 and s7) with high capacity of glucosinolates degradation through producing enzymes were identified. Then,an optimized condition for rapeseed meal fermentation by p7 was established to degrade glucosinolates, which can achieve about 80% degradation. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis showed that the degradation rate of individual glucosinolates was different and the degradation rate of gluconapin and progoitrin in rapeseed meal can reach more than 90%. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can improve safety of rapeseed meal by inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and improve its nutritional properties by degrading phytic acid. The in vitro digestion experiments showed that the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal decreased significantly during gastric digestion. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can greatly improve the release of soluble protein and increase the contents of free essential amino acids, such as lysine(increased by 12 folds) and methionine(increased by 10 folds).
基金Supported by Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project(2016RAXXJ015)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fishmeal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The experimental diets included 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% MBM or PBM replacement of total fishmeal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric. The results showed that there are no significant differences (P 〉0.05) in growth performance among the treatments fed with 0% -60% MBM replacement of fishmeal, while the percent weight gain (WG, % ), body length gain (BLG, % ) and ADC significantly decrease when fishmeal is replaced by 80% MBM. The result showed also that there are no significant differences (P 〉0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all treatments fed with the diets with 0% -80% replacements of fishmeal with PBM.
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-60% fish meal had been replaced with MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-80% fish meal had been replaced with PBM.
基金Financial support for this work was provided by the University of Turin(ex 60%)grant(Es.fin.2015–2016)
文摘Background: Two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. In the first trial, 360 trout(178.9 ± 9.8 g of mean initial body weight) were randomly divided into three experimental groups(4 tanks/treatment, 30 fish/tank). The fish were fed for 78 days with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of HI, on as fed basis: 0%(HI0, control diet), 25%(HI25) and 50%(HI50) of fish meal substitution, corresponding to dietary inclusion levels of 0, 20% and 40%. In the second trial, 36 trout(4 tanks/treatment, 3 fish/tank) were used to evaluate the in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of the same diets used in the first trial.Results: Survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, and dorsal fillet physical quality parameters were not affected by diet. The highest dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal increased dry matter and ether extract contents of trout dorsal fillet. The use of HI larvae meal induced a decrease of valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) even if differences were only reported at the highest level of HI inclusion. The insect meal worsened the lipids health indexes of the same muscle. Dietary inclusion of insect meal did not alter the villus height of the fish. No differences were found among treatments in relation to ADC of ether extract and gross energy, while ADC of dry matter and crude protein were higher in HI25 if compared to HI50.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that a partially defatted HI larvae meal can be used as feed ingredient in trout diets up to 40% of inclusion level without impacting survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, dorsal fillet physical quality parameters, and intestinal morphology of the fish. However, further investigations on specific feeding strategies and diet formulations are needed to limit the observed negative effects of the insect meal on the FA composition of dorsal muscle.
文摘[Objective] To investigate the optimal enzyme for the hydrolysis of corn gluten meal and the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the enzyme. [Method] Nine kinds of enzymes were used to hydrolyze the corn gluten meal, using the formaldehyde titration method for the determination of hydrolysis degree, and orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for double enzymes hydrol- ysis of corn gluten meal. [Result] The optimal pretreatment condition for corn gluten meal is heating at 121 ~C for 30 min. The double enzyme hydrolysis for the pro- treated corn gluten meal using 2709 alkaline protease and flavourzyme showed that the degree of hydrolysis could reach 32.4% with enzyme addition amount of 4%, hy- drolysis time of 4 h at 45℃ and pH=7.0. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the study on the preparation of bioactive peptides such as oligopeptide with high F value and antihypertensive peptides, further improving the corn intensive process- ing industrial chain.
基金financial support by grant No. 30871928 from the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (NSFC)
文摘This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60 d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.
基金financially supported by the Project of Hangzhou Producing, Study and Researching Cooperation of China (Grant No. 20092632E27)
文摘A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201003020)the Guangdong University Innovation Talents Cultivating Project of China(1009324)+1 种基金the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China(S2012 040007863)by the Guangdong Province Universities and College Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(GD UPS-2011)
文摘Extruded soybean meal (ESBM) was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei. In the control diet (Diet 1), FM protein was replaced with increasing dietary levels of ESBM (4.28%, 8.40%, 12.62%, 16.82%, and 25.26%) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% levels (Diets 2 to 6, respectively). An eight-week feeding trial was conducted on 720 juvenile shrimp (0.67 g ± 0.01 g mean initial Weight), and nutrient digestibility of the six diets was determined. ESBM could replace 20% of FM without causing a significant reduction in growth of shrimp, but other dietary treatments strongly affected whole body composition. Crude protein content of the whole body fed Diet 6 was significantly lower than that fed Diet 2 (P〈0.05), while crude lipid content of the whole body fed Diet 5 or 6 was significantly higher than that fed Diet 2 (P〈0,05). Protein digestibilities of Diets 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of Diet 1 (P〈0.05). Digestibility of lipids ranged from 96.97% in Diet 6 to 98.34% in Diet 3, whereas dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing replacement level. This study indicates that 20% FM replacement with ESBM in the basic diet containing 40% protein and 30% FM is optimal for juvenile L. vannamei.
基金awarded and funded by USDA-NIFA Hatch Fund (#02636, Washington DC, USA)North Carolina Agricultural Foundation (#660101, Raleigh, NC, USA)CJ Cheil Jedang (Seoul, Korea)
文摘Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status,intestinal oxidative stress,mucosaassociated microbiota,and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods Sixty nursery pigs(6.6±0.5 kg BW)were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks.Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases(P1,P2,and P3).Treatments were:Control(CON),basal diet with fish meal 4%,2%,and 1%,poultry meal 10%,8%,and 4%,and blood plasma 4%,2%,and 1%for P1,P2,and P3,respectively;basal diet with soy protein concentrate(SPC),enzyme-treated soybean meal(ESB),fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus(FSBL),and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus(FSBB),replacing 1/3,2/3,and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1,P2,and P3,respectively.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results The SPC did not affect the BW,ADG,and G:F,whereas it tended to reduce(P=0.094)the ADFI and tended to increase(P=0.091)crypt cell proliferation.The ESM did not affect BW,ADG,ADFI,and G:F,whereas tended to decrease(P=0.098)protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa.The FSBL decreased(P<0.05)BW and ADG,increased(P<0.05)TNF-α,and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA(P=0.065)and IgG(P=0.089)in jejunal mucosa.The FSBB tended to increase(P=0.073)TNF-α,increased(P<0.05)Clostridium and decreased(P<0.05)Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa.Conclusions Soy protein concentrate,enzyme-treated soybean meal,and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33%until 7 kg body weight,up to 67%from 7 to 11 kg body weight,and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs.Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus,however,increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.
基金This research was funded by AGER project“Fine Feed for Fish(4F)”lRif.nr.2016-01-01.Dr.Giulia Chemello was supported by a research grant of the University of Turin.
文摘Background:Recent investigations highlighted that Hermetia illucens(BSF)larva meal can be a valuable alternative protein source for aquafeed production.In this study,in substitution of fishmeal,we used increasing inclusion levels of a partially defatted BSF larva meal in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)and we evaluated the related implications in terms of growth performance,physical characteristics,proximate and fatty acid(FA)compositions of the fillets,gut and liver histology,and diet digestibility.In a 131-day trial,576 fish(100.1±9.29 g)were randomly allotted to 24 tanks(24 fish/tank,4 replicates/treatment).Six experimental diets were produced to have partial replacement of fishmeal(0,10%,20%,30%,40%and 50%)by increasing levels of BSF meal(0%[BSF0],3%[BSF3],6%[BSF6],9%[BSF9],12%[BSF12]and 15%[BSF15]on as fed basis,respectively).Results:No differences were observed among the treatments for all the considered growth performance parameters.The viscero and hepato-somatic indexes showed significant differences among the treatments,with the highest values observed in the BSF15 group.No differences were recorded in terms of fillet’s physical characteristics,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP)and ether extract(EE)contents.Total saturated and monounsaturated FA increased,while polyunsaturated FA(particularly n-3 FA)decreased while increasing the HI meal inclusion in the diet.Histopathology of liver and gut was not affected,whereas,in posterior gut,villi were higher in BSF6 and BSF9 compared to BSF3 fish.The apparent digestibility of DM,CP,EE and gross energy did not vary among the treatments.Conclusions:These results suggest that a partially defatted BSF meal could be included up to 15%in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout with no adverse effects on growth performance,fillet’s physical characteristics,gut and liver health,and diet digestibility.On the contrary,the fillet FA composition worsened while increasing the level of BSF meal in the diet.
基金Major Science and Technology Special Project in Hunan(2017NK1030)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45-48)。
文摘In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composition of PM and fish meal were determined and compared.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in PM and fish meal were 3.25%and 8.92%,66.65%and 66.67%,13.52%and 8.23%,18.25%and 21.50%,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA)in PM and fish meal were 19.94%and 22.35%,respectively.For PM and fish meal,the first limiting amino acid was Met(methionine)+Cys(cysteine),and the second limiting amino acid was Lys(lysine);their essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 66.60 and 77.04,respectively;and their delicious amino acid(DAA)contents were 26.89%and 23.15%,respectively.In summary,the meat and bone meal of pigs died of non-communicable diseases has the characteristics of high protein and low ash contents,and has certain development and utilization potential as a recycled waste resource,especially in aquatic feed to replace fish meal.
基金Supported by the College Project of Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering(2014B07)
文摘Maggot meal was used to replace 0, 20% , 40% , 60% , 80% , 100% of the fish meal in the hasal feed, getting 6 kinds of feed with the same nitrogen content and equal energy (marked as group H0, H20, H40, H60, H80, H100), which were used to feed the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (loach) for60 d. The effects of the fish meal replacement by maggot meal on the growth performance of M. anguiUicaudatus were studied by comparing the growth performances and body indica- tors of M. anguillicaudatus fed with different feed groups. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate of the M. anguillicaudatus in group H40 showed no significant difference with the control P 〉0.05 ), but was significantly higher than that of other groups P 〈0.05 ). Moreover, except group H40, the feed coefficients of all other groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P 〈0.05 ). The M. anguillicaudatus in group 1-140 had the highest condition factor and COR and the lowest viscera index, all of which showed significant differences with the other replacement groups (P 〈0.05) but the difference with the control group was not significant (P 〉 0.05). Thus, a proportion of 40% of the fish meal replaced with maggot meal in the mixed feed for the M. anguilli- caudatus could improve the growth performance and physique indexes of M. anguillicaudatus.
文摘The present study was carried out to investigate the total and partial replacement of Jojoba meal (JM), Simmondsia chinensis, with fishmeal (FM) at different levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on growth performance, feed utilization, and carcass composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fingerlings with an average weight of 1.65 ± 0.01 g/fish stocked at a rate of 10 fish/aquarium for 84 days experimental period. All experimental diets were isocaloric (437.69 kcal/100 g Dry Matter, DM) and isonitrogenous (30.5% crude protein) and supplemented with 0.5% L-Methionine and 0.5% L-Lysine Hcl. Results showed that there were a significant differences (P 〈 0.05) in final body weights, average daily gain (g fish^-1 dayl), specific growth rate (SGR, % day^-1), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV%) and energy retention (ER%) among the tested groups. Nile tilapia fingerlings fed on the diet containing 25% S. chinensis protein exhibited comparable growth performance to those fed FM protein based diet. Carcass composition of crude protein decreased significantly (P 〈_ 0.05) with increasing JM replacement level above 50%, while replacement 25% JM does not affect DM and Crude Protein of fish flesh. On the other hand, increasing JM replacement level up to 75% increased Ether Extract % significantly (P 〈 0.05) and increasing JM up to 100% increased ash content significantly (P ≤ 0.05) while energy content (EC) decreased. It could be concluded the replacement of 25% Jojoba meal instead of fishmeal in Nile tilapia fingerlings diets is possible without any adverse effects on its growth performance or feed utilization.
文摘Background:Protein meals,Concentrate and Isolates are widely use as bioactive ingredients in functional food.In this study,the effect of toasting of Aduwa(Balanites aegyptiaca)seed on the phytochemicals,Anti nutrient,in vitro protein digestibility and functional properties of Aduwa Protein Meals,Protein Concentrate and Isolate were investigated.Methods:Aduwa seeds toasted at 70°C to make Aduwa protein meal(APM)yield extensive resolved biomaterials.The meal were resolved into DAPM,APC and API.Results:Phytochemicals analysis revealed reduction as APM sample is being resolved to protein concentrate and isolate.Similar trend was also observed in Anti-nutrients content significant reduction as material meal are resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.The in-vitro protein digestibility showed that APM(59.81%)and API(76.41%)had high percentage protein digestibility.Functional properties declined as meals materials were been resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.Swelling capacity revealed that resolved and unresolved samples leached biomolecules.Conclusion:The results obtained showed nutritional potential,and safety of biomaterials from Aduwa meals,an alternative food ingredient for protein supplementation.
文摘Wheat germ meal is the by production of oil extracting, and a great quantity of it has been wasted, thus the quantity of lost protein is great. In order to use wheat germ meal proteins adequately, wheat germ proteins were hydrolyzed to anti-oxidation peptides by using alkaline protease. Through the single factor analysis and regression analysis, the optimized experiment conditions of hydrolysising wheat germ meal to wheat germ peptides were enzymatic quantity 0.8%(w/w), material to liquid ratio 1∶12.3, enzymolysis time 2.1 h. Under these conditions, the scavenging effect was 49.78%,the DH was 22% and peptides content in enzymatic hydrolysate was 1.9%(w/w).By SDS-PAGE electrophoresis,the molecular weight range of wheat germ peptides were below 10 ku and most were between 4.54 and 5.63 ku.The wheat germ proteins could be used ful y and grain resources would be saved.
文摘Sun-dried blend of maize offal and blood (SDMBM) was analyzed and its effect on the per- formance of broiler chickens (Anak-2000 strain) evaluated. Fresh blood prevented from coagu- lation, mixed with maize offal, was sun-dried, ground, mixed again with blood and ground into a meal after drying again. The crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, ADF and gross energy contents of SDMBM were, 362.0, 45.5, 31.8, 69.3, 52.3 g/kg DM and 4.245 kcal/g, respectively. It was ade- quate in all essential amino acids for growing broiler chickens except methionine. Eighty 14- day-old commercial broiler chicks were ran- domly allocated to four dietary treatments (fed ad libitum;four replicates each) consisting the control diet (0 g SDMBM/kg diet), which con- tained fishmeal, groundnut cake and soybean meal, and three other diets (50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diet). In a feeding trial, the starter (14 to 35 d) and finisher (35 to 49 d) dietary treat- ments did not have significant impact (P > 0.05) on body weight gain, efficiency of feed conver- sion, mortality and final body weights. The con- trol diet was inferior (P < 0.05) to 50, 100 and 150 g SDMBM/kg diets for feed cost per unit weight gain in the starter phase, 100 g SDMBM/kg diet in the finisher phase, and 100 and 150 g SDMBM/ kg diets for the whole period (14 to 49 d). Overall, the 100 and 150 g superior (P < 0.05) to the con- trol diet in cost of production per unit weight gain and all the SDMBM diets greater than con- trol in economic benefit per unit weight gain. Results suggest that dietary SDMBM up to 150 g/kg diet has a positive effect on broiler per- formance and can totally replace more expen- sive fishmeal.