Association between Helicobacter pylori infection,mismatch repair,HER2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND The influence of Helicobacter-pylori(H.pylori)infection and the characteristics of gastric cancer(GC)on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)levels has not been extensively studied.Analysis of infiltrating-immune-cell subtypes as well as survival is necessary to obtain comprehensive information.AIM To determine the rates of deficient mismatch-repair(dMMR),HER2-status and H.pylori infection and their association with TIL levels in GC.METHODS Samples from 503 resected GC tumors were included and TIL levels were evaluated following the international-TILs-working-group recommendations with assessment of the intratumoral(IT),stromal(ST)and invasive-border(IB)compartments.The density of CD3,CD8 and CD163 immune cells,and dMMR and HER2-status were determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC).H.pylori infection was evaluated by routine histology and quantitative PCR(qPCR)in a subset of samples.RESULTS dMMR was found in 34.4%,HER2+in 5%and H.pylori-positive in 55.7%of samples.High IT-TIL was associated with grade-3(P=0.038),while ST-TIL with grade-1(P<0.001),intestinal-histology(P<0.001)and no-recurrence(P=0.003).dMMR was associated with high TIL levels in the ST(P=0.019)and IB(P=0.01)compartments,and STCD3(P=0.049)and ST-CD8(P=0.05)densities.HER2-was associated with high IT-CD8(P=0.009).H.pylorinegative was associated with high IT-TIL levels(P=0.009)when assessed by routine-histology,and with high TIL levels in the 3 compartments(P=0.002-0.047)and CD8 density in the IT and ST compartments(P=0.001)when assessed by qPCR.A longer overall survival was associated with low IT-CD163(P=0.003)and CD8/CD3(P=0.001 in IT and P=0.002 in ST)and high IT-CD3(P=0.021),ST-CD3(P=0.003)and CD3/CD163(P=0.002).CONCLUSION TIL levels were related to dMMR and H.pylori-negativity.Low CD8/CD3 and high CD163/CD3 were associated with lower recurrence and longer survival.

Tislelizumab in previously treated,locally advanced unresectable/metastatic microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient solid tumors

Objective:The open-label,phase II RATIONALE-209 study evaluated tislelizumab(anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody)as a tissue-agnostic monotherapy for microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient(dMMR)tumors.Methods:Adults with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors were enrolled.Patients received tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks.Objective response rate(ORR;primary endpoint),duration of response(DoR),and progression-free survival(PFS)were assessed by independent review committee(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1).Results:Eighty patients were enrolled and treated;75(93.8%)patients had measurable disease at baseline.Most had metastatic disease and received at least one prior therapy for advanced/metastatic disease(n=79;98.8%).At primary analysis(data cutoff July 8,2021;median follow-up 15.2 months),overall ORR[46.7%;95%confidence interval(95%CI),35.1−58.6;one-sided P<0.0001]and ORR across tumor-specific subgroups[colorectal(n=46):39.1%(95%CI,25.1–54.6);gastric/gastroesophageal junction(n=9):55.6%(95%CI,21.2−86.3);others(n=20):60.0%(95%CI,36.1−80.9)]were significantly greater with tislelizumab vs.a prespecified historical control ORR of 10%;five(6.7%)patients had complete responses.Median DoR,PFS,and overall survival were not reached with long-term follow-up(data cutoff December 5,2022;median follow-up 28.9 months).Tislelizumab was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals.Treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)of grade≥3 occurred in 53.8%of patients;7.5%of patients discontinued treatment due to TRAEs.Conclusions:Tislelizumab demonstrated a significant ORR improvement in patients with previously treated,locally advanced unresectable or metastatic MSI-H/dMMR tumors and was generally well tolerated.

Comprehensive analysis of gene mutations and mismatch repair in Chinese colorectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND RAS,BRAF,and mismatch repair(MMR)/microsatellite instability(MSI)are crucial biomarkers recommended by clinical practice guidelines for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,their characteristics and influencing factors in Chinese patients have not been thoroughly described.AIM To analyze the clinicopathological features of KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations and the DNA MMR status in CRC.METHODS We enrolled 2271 Chinese CRC patients at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital.MMR proteins were tested using immunohistochemical analysis,and the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Microsatellite status was determined using an MSI detection kit.Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software and logistic regression.RESULTS The KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 44.6%,3.4%,3.7%,and 3.9% of CRC patients,respectively.KRAS mutations were more likely to occur in patients with moderate-to-high differentiation.BRAF mutations were more likely to occur in patients with right-sided CRC,poorly differentiated,or no perineural invasion.Deficient MMR(dMMR)was detected in 7.9% of all patients and 16.8% of those with mucinous adenocarcinomas.KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 29.6%,1.1%,8.1%,and 22.3% of patients with dMMR,respectively.The dMMR was more likely to occur in patients with a family history of CRC,aged<50 years,right-sided CRC,poorly differentiated histology,no perineural invasion,and with carcinoma in situ,stage I,or stage II tumors.CONCLUSION This study analyzed the molecular profiles of KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,PIK3CA,and MMR/MSI in CRC,identifying key influencing factors,with implications for clinical management of CRC.

Spatial Mismatch of Tourism Resources and Tourism Economy:A Case Study of Ice and Snow Tourism in Altay Region

The coordinated development of tourism resources and tourism economy is vital improve the quality and efficiency of regional tourism.Taking the ice and snow tourism in Altay region as an example,this study constructed an evaluation indicator system and used the methods of gravity center model,spatial mismatch index model and obstacle degree model to calculate the spatial mismatch index and influencing factors of ice and snow tourism resources and tourism economy in Altay region as a whole and in each county and city.It found in the study period:(i)the ice and snow tourism resources and tourism economy in Altay region was synchronous in the development of time sequence,while the spatial distribution pattern was characterized by regional imbalance;(ii)at the macro scale,the spatial mismatch degree of the ice-snow tourism resource center and the tourism economic center in Altay region was gradually reduced,but they were always separated from the spatial geometric center of Altay region;(iii)at the micro scale,the spatial mismatch index of counties and cities in Altay region was mainly negative mismatch,and the types of spatial mismatch changed in different degrees;(iv)the factors showed certain spatial differentiation characteristics in different counties of Altay region,and there were some differences in the obstacles of different mismatch level areas,and the economic basis was the most frequent obstacle in different mismatch level areas of Altay region.

Impacts of Model Mismatch and Array Scale on Channel Estimation for XL-HRIS-Aided Systems

Extremely large-scale hybrid reconfigurable intelligence surface(XL-HRIS),an improved version of the RIS,can receive the incident signal and enhance communication performance.However,as the RIS size increases,the phase variations of the received signal across the whole array are nonnegligible in the near-field region,and the channel model mismatch,which will decrease the estimation accuracy,must be considered.In this paper,the lower bound(LB)of the estimated parameter is studied and the impacts of the distance and signal-tonoise ratio(SNR)on LB are then evaluated.Moreover,the impacts of the array scale on LB and spectral efficiency(SE)are also studied.Simulation results verify that even in extremely large-scale array systems with infinite SNR,channel model mismatch can still limit estimation accuracy.However,this impact decreases with increasing distance.

多模核磁MISMATCH技术在超时间窗急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者治疗中的指导作用

目的 探讨多模核磁MISMATCH技术在超时间窗急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者治疗中的指导作用。方法 选取2019年1月—2023年3月于天水市第一人民医院经多模核磁磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging, DWI)-动脉自旋标记(arterial spin labeling, ASL)、DWI-液体衰减反转恢复(fluid attenuated inversion recovery, FLAIR)、DWI-磁敏感加权技术(magnetic sensitivity weighting technology, SWI)的MISMATCH技术进行筛选的超时间窗(发病时间在6~24 h)急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死经血管内介入治疗患者44例作为研究组,同时选取在本中心超时间窗内(发病时间在6~24 h)未经多模核磁DWI-ASL、DWI-FLAIR、DWI-SWI的MISMATCH技术进行筛选的急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死经血管内介入治疗患者43例作为对照组。研究组超时间窗患者术前均予以核磁共振扫描筛选出DWI-ASL/DWI-FLAIR/DWI-SWI其中存在MISMATCH且磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiography, MRA)发现有大血管闭塞。两组患者都进行血管内介入治疗,治疗后血管血流均达到改良的脑梗死分级系统(modified treatment in cerebral ischemia, mTICI)分级2b/3级,观察两组患者的治疗获益和预后情况。结果 研究组术后90 d功能独立率(改良Rankin评分量表评分0~3分)为59.09%,高于对照组的37.21%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.170,P<0.05)。研究组与对照组术后90 d病死率分别为25.00%与46.51%,研究组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后7 d美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分均低于术前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术后72 h症状性颅内出血与非症状性颅内出血发生率分别为22.73%、34.09%,对照组分别为44.19%、55.81%,研究组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 经过多模核磁DWI-ASL、DWI-FLAIR、DWI-SWI的MISMATCH技术筛选出的超时间窗急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死符合血管内治疗患者获益优于未经多模核磁DWI-ASL、DWI-FLAIR、DWI-SWI的MISMATCH技术进筛选的时间窗内急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者获益,临床结局和安全性方面更好。

A polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure to improve the hole injection for GaN based micro-LED with secondary etched mesa

A low hole injection efficiency for InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes(μLEDs) has become one of the main bottlenecks affecting the improvement of the external quantum efficiency(EQE) and the optical power. In this work, we propose and fabricate a polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure for 445 nm GaN-based μLEDs with the size of 40 × 40 μm^(2), which serves as the hole injection layer. The polarization-induced electric field in the p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure provides holes with more energy and can facilitate the non-equilibrium holes to transport into the active region for radiative recombination. Meanwhile, a secondary etched mesa for μLEDs is also designed, which can effectively keep the holes apart from the defected region of the mesa sidewalls, and the surface nonradiative recombination can be suppressed. Therefore, the proposed μLED with the secondary etched mesa and the p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure has the enhanced EQE and the improved optical power density when compared with the μLED without such designs.

Measurement of the cavity-loaded quality factor in superconducting radio-frequency systems with mismatched source impedance

The accurate measurement of parameters such as the cavity-loaded quality factor(Q_(L))and half bandwidth(f_(0.5))is essential for monitoring the performance of superconducting radio-frequency cavities.However,the conventional"field decay method"employed to calibrate these values requires the cavity to satisfy a"zero-input"condition.This can be challenging when the source impedance is mismatched and produce nonzero forward signals(V_(f))that significantly affect the measurement accuracy.To address this limitation,we developed a modified version of the"field decay method"based on the cavity differential equation.The proposed approach enables the precise calibration of f_(0.5) even under mismatch conditions.We tested the proposed approach on the SRF cavities of the Chinese Accelerator-Driven System Front-End Demo Superconducting Linac and compared the results with those obtained from a network analyzer.The two sets of results were consistent,indicating the usefulness of the proposed approach.

A tunable adaptive detector for distributed targets when signal mismatch occurs

Aiming at the problem of detecting a distributed target when signal mismatch occurs,this paper proposes a tunable detector parameterized by an adjustable parameter.By adjusting the parameter,the tunable detector can achieve robust or selective detection of mismatched signals.Moreover,the proposed tunable detector,with a proper tunable parameter,can provide higher detection probability compared with existing detectors in the case of no signal mismatch.In addition,the proposed tunable detector possesses the constant false alarm rate property with the unknown noise covariance matrix.

Role of intelligent/interactive qualitative and quantitative analysisthree-dimensional estimated model in donor-recipient size mismatch following deceased donor liver transplantation

BACKGROUND Donor-recipient size mismatch(DRSM)is considered a crucial factor for poor outcomes in liver transplantation(LT)because of complications,such as massive intraoperative blood loss(IBL)and early allograft dysfunction(EAD).Liver volumetry is performed routinely in living donor LT,but rarely in deceased donor LT(DDLT),which amplifies the adverse effects of DRSM in DDLT.Due to the various shortcomings of traditional manual liver volumetry and formula methods,a feasible model based on intelligent/interactive qualitative and quantitative analysis-three-dimensional(IQQA-3D)for estimating the degree of DRSM is needed.AIM To identify benefits of IQQA-3D liver volumetry in DDLT and establish an estimation model to guide perioperative management.METHODS We retrospectively determined the accuracy of IQQA-3D liver volumetry for standard total liver volume(TLV)(sTLV)and established an estimation TLV(eTLV)index(eTLVi)model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn to detect the optimal cut-off values for predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT using donor sTLV to recipient sTLV(called sTLVi).The factors influencing the occurrence of massive IBL and EAD were explored through logistic regression analysis.Finally,the eTLVi model was compared with the sTLVi model through the ROC curve for verification.RESULTS A total of 133 patients were included in the analysis.The Changzheng formula was accurate for calculating donor sTLV(P=0.083)but not for recipient sTLV(P=0.036).Recipient eTLV calculated using IQQA-3D highly matched with recipient sTLV(P=0.221).Alcoholic liver disease,gastrointestinal bleeding,and sTLVi>1.24 were independent risk factors for massive IBL,and drug-induced liver failure was an independent protective factor for massive IBL.Male donor-female recipient combination,model for end-stage liver disease score,sTLVi≤0.85,and sTLVi≥1.32 were independent risk factors for EAD,and viral hepatitis was an independent protective factor for EAD.The overall survival of patients in the 0.85<sTLVi<1.32 group was better compared to the sTLVi≤0.85 group and sTLVi≥1.32 group(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the area under the curve of the sTLVi model and IQQA-3D eTLVi model in the detection of massive IBL and EAD(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION IQQA-3D eTLVi model has high accuracy in predicting massive IBL and EAD in DDLT.We should follow the guidance of the IQQA-3D eTLVi model in perioperative management.

Can a global mean sea-level rise reduce the Last Interglacial model-data mismatch in East Asia?

末次间冰期有着丰富的重建和模拟资料,为研究未来温暖气候提供了一个理想的参考.然而,关于末次间冰期的东亚气候,模拟与重建的结果间长期存在着不匹配的情况,模拟结果普遍较重建结果更为冷干。本研究利用挪威地球系统模式(NorESM1-F),探讨了在末次间冰期模拟试验中纳入全球平均海平面上升能否减少模式-数据的不匹配.该试验结果表明,海平面上升情况下东亚地区会产生一定的增温增湿效应,但不足以消除模式-数据不匹配.基于这些结果,作者探讨了其它可能造成不匹配的因素以供进一步研究.

Effect of Lattice Mismatch on Luminescence of ZnO/Si Hetero-Structure

The photoluminescence （PL） and Raman spectra of undoped ZnO films deposited directly on Si substrate （sample A）,on Si substrate through a SiC buffer layer （sample B）,and on a ZnO crystal wafer （sample C） are investigated. There are emission peaks centered at 3.18eV （ultraviolet,UV） and 2.38eV （green） in these sampies. Comparing the Raman spectra and the variation of the PL peak intensities with annealing atmosphere, we conclude that the luminescence of the samples is related to the tensile strain in the ZnO film due to the lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate. In particular, the tensile strain reduces the formation energy of OZn antisite oxygen defects,which generate the green emission center. After annealing in oxygen-rich atmosphere, many OZn defects are generated. Thus, the intensity of green emission in ZnO/Si hetero-structure materials increases due to tensile strain in ZnO films.

Analysis of Effects of System Mismatches on the Performance of Adaptive Generalized Sidelobe Canceller and Compensation Methods

The effect of system mismatches on an adaptive linear constrained generalized sidelobe canceller （LC-GSC） is discussed in this paper. Based on the array gain index, two classic system mismatches, the direction of arrival （DOA） mismatch and the mismatches arising from array disturbance, are studied, respectively. To obtain the effective methods for compensating for the system mismatches, we analyze the performance of the improved LC-GSC with the diagonal loading and additional constraints （such as the directional constraints and derivative constraints）. The computer simulations show that the techniques of diagonal loading and additional constraints can effectively compensate for the system mismatches. The loss of array gains can be controlled within 3 dB in the presence of 20% of array disturbances or DOA mismatch when the signal-to-noise ratio is less than 10 dB. The analysis illustrates that the proposed compensation methods are valid and feasible.

带Mismatch算子的高阶π演算

主要研究带mismatch的高阶进程演算的公理化问题.首先,建立存在mismatch时高阶进程的开弱高阶互模拟理论,证明了等价关系、同余性等重要性质;其次,沿用线性的方法,构建得到带mismatch的有限进程上的公理系统;最后,基于对开弱高阶互模拟的刻画,证明了该公理系统的完备性定理.该工作为带mismatch的高阶进程上互模拟判定的有效算法的设计与实现,进而为相关的应用建模工作提供了理论借鉴.

KRAS and BRAF gene mutations and DNA mismatch repair status in Chinese colorectal carcinoma patients

AIM:To investigate gene mutations and DNA mismatch repair(MMR) protein abnormality in Chinese colorectalcarcinoma(CRC) patients and their correlations with clinicopathologic features.METHODS:Clinical and pathological information for 535 patients including 538 tumors was reviewed and recorded.Mutation analyses for exon 2 of KRAS gene and exon 15 of BRAF gene were performed by Sanger sequencing except that in 9 tumors amplification refractory mutation system PCR was used.Expression of MMR proteins including MHL1,MSH2,MSH6 and PMS2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Correlations of KRAS and BRAF mutation status and the expression status of MMR proteins with age,gender,cancer stage,location,and histology were analyzed.Correlations between KRAS or BRAF mutations and MMR protein expression were also explored.RESULTS:The overall frequencies of KRAS and BRAF mutations were 37.9% and 4.4%,respectively.KRAS mutations were more common in patients ≥ 50 years old(39.8% vs 22% in patients < 50 years old,P < 0.05).The frequencies of BRAF mutants were higher in tumors from females(6.6% vs males 2.8%,P < 0.05),located in the right colon(9.6% vs 2.1% in the left colon,1.8% in the rectum,P < 0.01),with mucinous differentiation(9.8% vs 2.8% without mucinous differentiation,P < 0.01),or being poorly differentiated(9.5% vs 3.4% well/moderately differentiated,P < 0.05).MMR deficiency was strongly associated with proximal location(20.5% in the right colon vs 9.2% in the left colon and 5.1% in the rectum,P < 0.001),early cancer stage(15.0% in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ vs 7.7% in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ,P < 0.05),and mucinous differentiation(20.2% vs 9.2% without mucin,P < 0.01).A higher frequency of MLH1/PMS2 loss was found in females(9.2% vs 4.4% in males,P < 0.05),and MSH2/MSH6 loss tended to be seen in younger(<50 years old) patients(12.0% vs 4.0% ≥ 50 years old,P < 0.05).MMR deficient tumors were less likely to have KRAS mutations(18.8% vs 41.7% in MMR proficient tumors,P < 0.05) and tumorswith abnormal MLH1/PMS2 tended to harbor BRAF mutations(15.4% vs 4.2% in MMR proficient tumors,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The frequency of sporadic CRCs having BRAF mutation,MLH1 deficiency and MSI in Chinese population may be lower than that in the Western population.

ARID1A expression in gastric adenocarcinoma:Clinicopathological significance and correlation with DNA mismatch repair status

AIM:To analyze the mismatch repair(MMR)status and the ARID1A expression as well as their clinicopathological significance in gastric adenocarcinomas.METHODS:We examined the expressions of MMR proteins and ARID1A by immunohistochemistry in consecutive 489 primary gastric adenocarcinomas.The results were further correlated with clinicopathological variables.RESULTS:The loss of any MMR protein expression,indicative of MMR deficiency,was observed in 38cases(7.8%)and was significantly associated with an older age(68.6±9.2 vs 60.4±11.7,P<0.001),a female sex(55.3%vs 31.3%,P=0.004),an antral location(44.7%vs 25.7%,P=0.021),and a differentiated histology(57.9%vs 39.7%,P=0.023).Abnormal ARID1A expression,including reduced or loss of ARID1A expression,was observed in 109 cases(22.3%)and was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion(80.7%vs 69.5%,P=0.022)and lymph node metastasis(83.5%vs 73.7%,P=0.042).The tumors with abnormal ARID1A expression more frequently indicated MMR deficiency(47.4%vs 20.2%,P<0.001).A multivariate analysis identified abnormal ARID1A expression as an independent poor prognostic factor(HR=1.36,95%CI:1.01-1.84;P=0.040).CONCLUSION:Our observations suggest that the AIRD1A inactivation is associated with lymphatic invasion,lymph node metastasis,poor prognosis,and MMR deficiency in gastric adenocarcinomas.

Deficient DNA mismatch repair is associated with favorable prognosis in Thai patients with sporadic colorectal cancer

AIM:To determine the prognostic significance of deficient mismatch repair(d MMR) and BRAF V600 E in Thai sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC) patients.METHODS:We studied a total of 211 out of 405 specimens obtained from newly diagnosed CRC patients between October 1,2006 and December 31,2007 at Siriraj Hospital,Mahidol University.Formalinfixed paraffin-embedded blocks of CRC tissue samples w e re a n a l y ze d fo r d M M R b y d e t e c t i o n o f M M R protein expression loss by immunohistochemistry or microsatellite instability using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-DHPLC.BRAF V600 E mutational analysis was performed in DNA extracted from the same archival tissues by two-round allele-specific PCR and analyzed by high sensitivity DHPLC.Associations between patient characteristics,MMR and BRAF status with diseasefree survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS) were determined by Kaplan-Meier survival plots and log-rank test together with Cox's proportional hazard regression.RESULTS:d MMR and BRAF V600 E mutations were identified in 31 of 208(14.9%) and 23 of 211(10.9%) tumors,respectively.d MMR was more commonly found in patients with primary colon tumors rather than rectal cancer(20.4% vs 7.6%,P =0.01),but there was no difference in MMR status between the right-sided and left-sided colon tumors(20.8% vs 34.6%,P = 0.24).d MMR was associated with early-stage rather than metastatic disease(17.3% vs 0%,P = 0.015).No clinicopathological features such primary site or tumor differentiation were associated with the BRAF mutation.Six of 31(19.3%) samples with d MMR carried the BRAFmutation,while 17 of 177(9.6%) with proficient MMR(p MMR) harbored the mutation(P = 0.11).Notably,patients with d MMR tumors had significantly superior DFS(HR = 0.30,95%CI:0.15-0.77; P = 0.01) and OS(HR = 0.29,95%CI:0.10-0.84; P = 0.02) compared with patients with p MMR tumors.By contrast,the BRAF V600 E mutation had no prognostic impact on DFS and OS.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of d MMR and BRAF V600 E in Thai sporadic CRC patients was 15% and 11%,respectively.The d MMR phenotype was associated with a favorable outcome.

Detection of cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome using mismatch negativity

In this experiment, 97 patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome were divided into three groups （mild, moderate, severe） according to minimum oxygen saturation, and 35 healthy subjects were examined as controls. Cognitive function was determined using the mismatch negativity paradigm and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The results revealed that as the disease worsened, the mismatch negativity latency was gradually extended, and the amplitude gradually declined in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Importantly, mismatch negativity latency in severe patients with a persistent time of minimum oxygen saturation 〈 60 seconds was significantly shorter than that with a persistent time of minimum oxygen saturation 〉 60 seconds. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between minimum oxygen saturation latency and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. These findings indicate that intermittent night-time hypoxemia affects mismatch negativity waveforms and Montrea Cognitive Assessment scores. As indicators for detecting the cognitive functional status of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients, the sensitivity of mismatch negativity is 82.93%, the specificity is 73.33%, the accuracy rate is 81.52%, the positive predictive value is 85.00%, the negative predictive value is 70.21%, the positive likelihood ratio is 3, and the negative likelihood ratio is 0.23. These results indicate that mismatch negativity can be used as an effective tool for diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients.

Mismatch repair genes (hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2, GTBP/hMSH6,HMSH2) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: DMA mismatch repair (MMR) is an important mechanism for maintaining fidelity of genomic DNA. Abnormalities in one or more MMR genes are implicated in the development of many cancers. We investigated the role of expression of MMR genes (hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2, GTBP/hMSH6, hMSH2) in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. METHODS: We evaluated the expression level of MMR genes in 33 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases using the multiplex reverse transcription (RT) PCR assays, as well as in 16 cases of normal adjacent hepatic tissues. β-actin gene was used as an internal control and calibrator for quantification of gene expression. RESULTS: Out of the 33 studied cases, 25 were HCV positive and 30 (90.9%) showed reduced expression in one or more of the studied MMR genes. Reduced expression was found in hMSH2(71.9%), hMLH1 (53.3%), GTBP(51.1%), hPMS2 (33.3%) and hPMS1 (6%). A significant correlation was found between reduced expression of hPMS2(P= 0.0069) and GTBP(P= 0.0034), hPMS2 and non-cirrhosis (P= 0.0197), hMLH1 and high grade. On the other hand, 57.1%, 50%, 20%, 18.8%, and 6% of the normal tissues distant to tumors showed reduced expression of hMSH2, hMLH1, GTBP, hPMS2, and hPMS1 respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the expression level of hMSH2(P= 0.008), hMLH1 (P= 0.001) and GTBP (P= 0.032) and HCC, between hPMS2, GTBP and HCV-associated HCC (P<0.001, 0.002). CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of MMR genes seems to play an important role in HCV-associated HCC. hPMS2 is likely involved at an early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis since it was detected in normal adjacent tissues. Reduced expression of hPMS2 provides a growth advantage and stimulates proliferation which encourages malignant transformation in non-cirrhotic HCV-infected patients via acquisition of more genetic damages.

Impact of human leukocyte antigen mismatching on outcomes of liver transplantation:A meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the effect of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) mismatching on liver graft outcome and acute rejection from a meta-analysis of available cohort studies.METHODS:Articles in PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and the Cochrane database from January 1970 to June 2009,including non-English literature identified in these databases,were searched.Only studies comparing HLA or sub-phenotype matching with mismatching were extracted.The percentage of graft survival was extracted by "Engauge Digitizer" from survival curves if the raw data were not displayed.A meta-analysis was performed when at least 3 studies provided data.RESULTS:Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria.A lower number of HLA mismatches(0-2 vs 3-6) did reduce the incidence of acute rejection(relative risk:0.77,P = 0.03).The degree of HLA mismatching(0-2 vs 3-6) had no significant effect on 1-year [hazard ratio(HR):1.04,P = 0.68] and 5-year(HR:1.09,P = 0.38) graft survival.In sub-phenotype analysis,the degree of HLA-A,B and DR mismatching(0 vs 1-2) had no significant effect on 1-year and 5-year graft survival,either.The HRs and P-values were 0.95,0.71(HLA-A,1-year);1.06,0.60(HLA-A,5-year);0.77,0.16(HLA-B,1-year);1.07,0.56(HLA-DR,1-year);1.18,0.23(HLADR,5-year),respectively.CONCLUSION:The results of this systematic review imply that good HLA compatibility can reduce the incidence of acute rejection in spite of having no influence on graft outcomes.To obtain a short recovery time and minimize rejection post transplantation,HLA matching studies should be considered before the operation.