Traditionally, sorghum malts used for the chakpalo production are dried under the sun in not controlled conditions in Benin. In order to improve drying operation in a rural approach, a shell drier was tested and the q...Traditionally, sorghum malts used for the chakpalo production are dried under the sun in not controlled conditions in Benin. In order to improve drying operation in a rural approach, a shell drier was tested and the quality of the dried malts was evaluated. The germinated capacity, thousand kernel weight, moisture, protein and fat contents of the red sorghum used for malting were respectively 94 %, 27.81 %, 11.65 %, 11.4 % and 3.57 %. The quality of the dried malt in the shell drier and those of the dried malt directly under the sun was compared. The results showed that the speed of malt drying was higher in the shell drier than under the sun. Indeed, the moisture contents of the dried malts directly under the sun and in the shell drier after 12 hours were respectively 12.56 % and 7.66 %. The microbiological quality of the dried malts in the shell drier was better. There were free of faecal coliforms.The results of this study indicate that the controlled drying of sorghum malts by using a shell drier improved the drying speed and the microbiological characteristics of the dried malts. Shell drier would be easy to use in the rural areas to dry sorghum malt.展开更多
The aim of this study was to optimize composite breads of wheat and whole millet flour by the use of natural improvers. Three types of local malted cereals were used as natural improvers. The millet flour was fermente...The aim of this study was to optimize composite breads of wheat and whole millet flour by the use of natural improvers. Three types of local malted cereals were used as natural improvers. The millet flour was fermented with EPSs producing LAB strain prior to use. The technological characteristics of the composite flours were determined using an alveograph. The physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of the composite breads were determined using standard methods and their sensory profiles were evaluated by a panel of 35 consumers. The alveograph results showed an increase in dough resistance, deformation and a decrease in extensibility and elasticity with the level of incorporation of millet flour. From the results of physico-chemical analyses of composite breads, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the use of the three types of local cereal malts except for the incorporation of 50% of the millet flour. The control sample presented the lowest acidity and dry matter value, the highest water content and pH value. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the use of the three types of cereal malts for the macronutrient contents of the composite bread samples. However, differences were observed according to the levels of incorporation. Macronutrients results showed an increase in protein content (11.17% ± 0.28% - 14.01% ± 0.10%/DM);crude fat content (1.86% ± 0.05% - 2.48% ± 0.20%/DM) and a decrease in carbohydrates content (85.36% ± 0.54% - 81.06% ± 0.36%/ DM). Regarding the content of mineral elements, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the use of the three types of cereal malts for the incorporation of 15% (Mg and Fe content), 30% (Fe, Zn and K) and 50% (content of Zn, K, Na and Mg) of millet flour. The free amino acid profile revealed three essential amino acids such as valine, isoleucine and lysine. Breads incorporated with 30% of whole millet flour were the most appreciated by consumers.展开更多
Global industrialization could be considered as a major cause of environmental contamination with heavy metals. Barley and malt, vastly used in the food industries, are of no exception. Therefore, we aimed to measure ...Global industrialization could be considered as a major cause of environmental contamination with heavy metals. Barley and malt, vastly used in the food industries, are of no exception. Therefore, we aimed to measure the levels of trace elements Zinc, Copper and heavy metals Lead and Cadmium by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry in 19 barley grain cultivars and their malts in Iran. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was also used for determination of antioxidant activity of the samples. The mean levels of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu were measured to be 18.813 ± 8.575, 0.212 ± 0.116, 0.278 ± 0.163, 3.746 ± 1.118 mg/100g in the barley samples and 14.364 ± 6.391, 0.153 ± 0.098, 0.179 ± 0.082 and 3.033 ± 1.392 mg/100g in the malt samples, respectively. The highest concentration of Zn was measured in the Bahman cultivar of barley and Mb-82-4 sample of malt while the Sahra cultivar of barley and Valfajr sample of malt had the lowest concentration of Pb and the Nimrooz cultivar of barley and Rihane-03 sample of malt had the lowest concentration Cu. The mean levels of zinc and lead in the evaluated samples of barley and the mean levels of zinc, lead and cadmium in the samples of malt were significantly lower than standard limits. Although not significant, the mean levels of cadmium in barley samples and copper in malt samples were higher than the standard limits, but the mean level of copper was found to be significantly higher than the standard limits in the samples of barley (p = 0.008). Antioxidant acitivity was found to be highest in the Mb-82-12 sample of malt and Nik cultivar of barley. The average antioxidant activity was found to be significantly higher in the malt compared to barley grain;1.584 ± 0.596 mg/kg vs. 0.633 ± 0.221 mg/kg (p < 0.001). The mean level of copper in barley samples was significantly higher than the standard limit that needs further investigations to be controlled.展开更多
"The term ucaramel malt” is used worldwide to describe a specialty malt that exhibits at least some degree of caramelization. The exact methods of caramel malt production are proprietary to the maltsters that ma..."The term ucaramel malt” is used worldwide to describe a specialty malt that exhibits at least some degree of caramelization. The exact methods of caramel malt production are proprietary to the maltsters that make them, but these specialty malts are generally produced by means of drying green malt on a kiln or in a roaster. This article will provide readers with a clear understanding of the physical, sensorial, and fimctional differences that distinguish kilned and roasted caramel malts from one another.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma has already been established.However,t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma has already been established.However,t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve.In addition,trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma in the ascending colon by colonoscopy and biopsy.Two years later,esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis that was positive for H.pylori,and eradication treatment was administered.Two years and nine months later(at the age of 70),a new ulcerative lesion suggestive of MALT lymphoma appeared in the gastric body,and six months later,a similar lesion was also found in the fundus.One year later(4 years and 3 months after H.pylori eradication),at the age of 72,the lesion in the gastric body had become deeper and had propagated.A biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL.Both MALT lymphoma lesions in the ascending colon and DLBCL lesions in the stomach were positive for the t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation,and trisomy 18q21 was also detected.After 6 courses of R-CHOP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone)chemotherapy,all of the above lesions disappeared[complete remission(CR)],and CR has been maintained for more than 3 years.In addition,both the colonic and gastric lesions were proven to have the same clonality.CONCLUSION Because the patient had a MALT1 translocation with trisomy 18q21,it was thought that this gastric MALT lymphoma developed independently of H.pylori infection and progressed.展开更多
The increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma is closely associated with chronic antigenic stimulation,with infection being the most common cause of recurrence.Lesions are usually associated wi...The increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma is closely associated with chronic antigenic stimulation,with infection being the most common cause of recurrence.Lesions are usually associated with the gastrointestinal tract,and the involvement of small intestinal is rare.Recent studies have established a close relationship between novel coronavirus 2019(COVID-19)and the occurrence and progression of various diseases.This article presents a rare case of a small intestinal MALT lymphoma.The patient was initially admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia and subsequently developed gastrointestinal bleeding during hospitalization.Medical and endoscopic treatments were ineffective,and an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed.The affected segment of the small intestine was excised,and a pathological biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma.This case underscores the significance of raising clinical awareness of this condition among health care professionals.展开更多
为明确胃肠道原发NHL特别是MALT淋巴瘤的发病特征及组织学起源,本研究使用LN_(1～3)系列抗体对34例胃肠道原发NHL进行免疫组化检测。结果显示:34例中MALT淋巴瘤5例(14.7％),其中3例由滤泡中心细胞样细胞构成,另2例由中心母细胞样细胞构...为明确胃肠道原发NHL特别是MALT淋巴瘤的发病特征及组织学起源,本研究使用LN_(1～3)系列抗体对34例胃肠道原发NHL进行免疫组化检测。结果显示:34例中MALT淋巴瘤5例(14.7％),其中3例由滤泡中心细胞样细胞构成,另2例由中心母细胞样细胞构成。肿瘤细胞在LN_1显示核周边点状阳性,LN_2显示核膜线状阳性,与正常肠道Peyet板僧帽带处的Marginal zone cell具有相似的形态及染色特性,提示MALT淋巴瘤可能来源于Marginal zone cells。展开更多
文摘Traditionally, sorghum malts used for the chakpalo production are dried under the sun in not controlled conditions in Benin. In order to improve drying operation in a rural approach, a shell drier was tested and the quality of the dried malts was evaluated. The germinated capacity, thousand kernel weight, moisture, protein and fat contents of the red sorghum used for malting were respectively 94 %, 27.81 %, 11.65 %, 11.4 % and 3.57 %. The quality of the dried malt in the shell drier and those of the dried malt directly under the sun was compared. The results showed that the speed of malt drying was higher in the shell drier than under the sun. Indeed, the moisture contents of the dried malts directly under the sun and in the shell drier after 12 hours were respectively 12.56 % and 7.66 %. The microbiological quality of the dried malts in the shell drier was better. There were free of faecal coliforms.The results of this study indicate that the controlled drying of sorghum malts by using a shell drier improved the drying speed and the microbiological characteristics of the dried malts. Shell drier would be easy to use in the rural areas to dry sorghum malt.
文摘The aim of this study was to optimize composite breads of wheat and whole millet flour by the use of natural improvers. Three types of local malted cereals were used as natural improvers. The millet flour was fermented with EPSs producing LAB strain prior to use. The technological characteristics of the composite flours were determined using an alveograph. The physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of the composite breads were determined using standard methods and their sensory profiles were evaluated by a panel of 35 consumers. The alveograph results showed an increase in dough resistance, deformation and a decrease in extensibility and elasticity with the level of incorporation of millet flour. From the results of physico-chemical analyses of composite breads, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the use of the three types of local cereal malts except for the incorporation of 50% of the millet flour. The control sample presented the lowest acidity and dry matter value, the highest water content and pH value. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the use of the three types of cereal malts for the macronutrient contents of the composite bread samples. However, differences were observed according to the levels of incorporation. Macronutrients results showed an increase in protein content (11.17% ± 0.28% - 14.01% ± 0.10%/DM);crude fat content (1.86% ± 0.05% - 2.48% ± 0.20%/DM) and a decrease in carbohydrates content (85.36% ± 0.54% - 81.06% ± 0.36%/ DM). Regarding the content of mineral elements, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the use of the three types of cereal malts for the incorporation of 15% (Mg and Fe content), 30% (Fe, Zn and K) and 50% (content of Zn, K, Na and Mg) of millet flour. The free amino acid profile revealed three essential amino acids such as valine, isoleucine and lysine. Breads incorporated with 30% of whole millet flour were the most appreciated by consumers.
文摘Global industrialization could be considered as a major cause of environmental contamination with heavy metals. Barley and malt, vastly used in the food industries, are of no exception. Therefore, we aimed to measure the levels of trace elements Zinc, Copper and heavy metals Lead and Cadmium by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry in 19 barley grain cultivars and their malts in Iran. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was also used for determination of antioxidant activity of the samples. The mean levels of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu were measured to be 18.813 ± 8.575, 0.212 ± 0.116, 0.278 ± 0.163, 3.746 ± 1.118 mg/100g in the barley samples and 14.364 ± 6.391, 0.153 ± 0.098, 0.179 ± 0.082 and 3.033 ± 1.392 mg/100g in the malt samples, respectively. The highest concentration of Zn was measured in the Bahman cultivar of barley and Mb-82-4 sample of malt while the Sahra cultivar of barley and Valfajr sample of malt had the lowest concentration of Pb and the Nimrooz cultivar of barley and Rihane-03 sample of malt had the lowest concentration Cu. The mean levels of zinc and lead in the evaluated samples of barley and the mean levels of zinc, lead and cadmium in the samples of malt were significantly lower than standard limits. Although not significant, the mean levels of cadmium in barley samples and copper in malt samples were higher than the standard limits, but the mean level of copper was found to be significantly higher than the standard limits in the samples of barley (p = 0.008). Antioxidant acitivity was found to be highest in the Mb-82-12 sample of malt and Nik cultivar of barley. The average antioxidant activity was found to be significantly higher in the malt compared to barley grain;1.584 ± 0.596 mg/kg vs. 0.633 ± 0.221 mg/kg (p < 0.001). The mean level of copper in barley samples was significantly higher than the standard limit that needs further investigations to be controlled.
文摘"The term ucaramel malt” is used worldwide to describe a specialty malt that exhibits at least some degree of caramelization. The exact methods of caramel malt production are proprietary to the maltsters that make them, but these specialty malts are generally produced by means of drying green malt on a kiln or in a roaster. This article will provide readers with a clear understanding of the physical, sensorial, and fimctional differences that distinguish kilned and roasted caramel malts from one another.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma has already been established.However,t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve.In addition,trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma in the ascending colon by colonoscopy and biopsy.Two years later,esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis that was positive for H.pylori,and eradication treatment was administered.Two years and nine months later(at the age of 70),a new ulcerative lesion suggestive of MALT lymphoma appeared in the gastric body,and six months later,a similar lesion was also found in the fundus.One year later(4 years and 3 months after H.pylori eradication),at the age of 72,the lesion in the gastric body had become deeper and had propagated.A biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL.Both MALT lymphoma lesions in the ascending colon and DLBCL lesions in the stomach were positive for the t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation,and trisomy 18q21 was also detected.After 6 courses of R-CHOP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone)chemotherapy,all of the above lesions disappeared[complete remission(CR)],and CR has been maintained for more than 3 years.In addition,both the colonic and gastric lesions were proven to have the same clonality.CONCLUSION Because the patient had a MALT1 translocation with trisomy 18q21,it was thought that this gastric MALT lymphoma developed independently of H.pylori infection and progressed.
基金the Wuhan Young and Middle-aged Medical Backbone Personnel Training Project(No.2016(59)).
文摘The increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma is closely associated with chronic antigenic stimulation,with infection being the most common cause of recurrence.Lesions are usually associated with the gastrointestinal tract,and the involvement of small intestinal is rare.Recent studies have established a close relationship between novel coronavirus 2019(COVID-19)and the occurrence and progression of various diseases.This article presents a rare case of a small intestinal MALT lymphoma.The patient was initially admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia and subsequently developed gastrointestinal bleeding during hospitalization.Medical and endoscopic treatments were ineffective,and an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed.The affected segment of the small intestine was excised,and a pathological biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma.This case underscores the significance of raising clinical awareness of this condition among health care professionals.
文摘为明确胃肠道原发NHL特别是MALT淋巴瘤的发病特征及组织学起源,本研究使用LN_(1～3)系列抗体对34例胃肠道原发NHL进行免疫组化检测。结果显示:34例中MALT淋巴瘤5例(14.7％),其中3例由滤泡中心细胞样细胞构成,另2例由中心母细胞样细胞构成。肿瘤细胞在LN_1显示核周边点状阳性,LN_2显示核膜线状阳性,与正常肠道Peyet板僧帽带处的Marginal zone cell具有相似的形态及染色特性,提示MALT淋巴瘤可能来源于Marginal zone cells。
