Background Marginalised poor populations,characterised by poverty and social exclusion,suffer disproportionately from hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections and encounter substantial disparities in access to healthcare.This...Background Marginalised poor populations,characterised by poverty and social exclusion,suffer disproportionately from hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections and encounter substantial disparities in access to healthcare.This has further exacerbated the global HBV burden and precluded progress towards HBV elimination.This mixed-method systematic review aimed to synthesise their utilisation and influencing factors in HBV healthcare services,including screening,vaccination,treatment,and linkage-to-care.Methods Eleven databases were searched from their inception to May 4,2023.Quantitative and qualitative stud-ies examining the factors influencing HBV healthcare access among marginalised poor populations were included.A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesise the pooled rates of HBV healthcare utilisation.The factors influencing utilisation were integrated and visualised using a health disparity research framework.Results Twenty-one studies were included involving 13,171 marginalised poor individuals:sex workers,rural migrant workers,irregular immigrants,homeless adults,and underprivileged individuals.Their utilisation of HBV healthcare ranged from 1.5%to 27.5%.Meta-analysis showed that the pooled rate of at least one dose of the HBV vaccine barely reached 37%(95%confidence interval:0.26-0.49).Fifty-one influencing factors were identifed,with sociocultural factors(n=19)being the most frequently reported,followed by behavioural(n=14)and healthcare system fac-tors(n=11).Socio-cultural barriers included immigration status,prison history,illegal work,and HBV discrimination.Behavioural domain factors,including previous testing for sexually transmitted diseases,residential drug treatment,and problem-solving coping,facilitated HBV healthcare access,whereas hostility coping exerted negative influences.Healthcare system facilitators comprised HBV health literacy,beliefs,and physician recommendations,whereas barriers included service inaccessibility and insurance inadequacies.The biological and physical/built environments were the least studied domains,highlighting that geographical mobility,shelter capacity,and access to humanitarian health centres affect HBV healthcare for marginalised poor populations.Conclusions Marginalised poor populations encounter substantial disparities in accessing HBV healthcare,highlight-ing the need for a synergistic management approach,including deploying health education initiatives to debunk HBV misperceptions,developing integrated HBV management systems for continuous tracking,conducting tailored com-munity outreach programmes,and establishing a human rights-based policy framework to guarantee the unfettered access of marginalised poor populations to essential HBV services.展开更多
Bioactive compounds derived from plant natural compounds have proven to be valuable sources of metabolites which can seldom be obtained from other sources. Plants belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum have been valued ac...Bioactive compounds derived from plant natural compounds have proven to be valuable sources of metabolites which can seldom be obtained from other sources. Plants belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum have been valued across various cultures for their curative properties. Zanthoxylum armatum DC., belonging to the family Rutaceae is extensively used in traditional practices in North-Eastern India and neighbouring regions including South-East Asia. However, the potential cytogenetic effects of Zanthoxylum armatum under in vivo conditions, and their causative mechanisms have not yet been studied in detail. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of fruits of Z. armatum under in vivo conditions using the Allium test. Physiological and cellular data indicate that the extracts induce clumped chromosomes at metaphase stage of cell division coupled with mitotic arrest. Electron microscopy data reveal membrane damage of cellular organelles, chromatin condensation and chromatin marginalisation in cell of roots incubated in the extracts. The extracts also induce concentration dependent protein precipitation and genomic DNA degradation.展开更多
This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison＇s Invisible Man （1952） and August Wilson＇s Fences （1986）. In order to cond...This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison＇s Invisible Man （1952） and August Wilson＇s Fences （1986）. In order to conduct this study, the researcher adopts African American approach and shows that double consciousness and black nihilism are the immediate effects of African Americans＇ marginalisation. According to W. E. B. Du Bois, all African Americans develop the sense of double consciousness which means being both African and American simultaneously. On the other hand, Cornel West believes that black Americans suffer from nihilism which means loss of hope and absence of meaning. The paper is an attempt to compare the novel Invisible Man and the play Fences thematically based on these two theories. It then looks to find the considerable similarities in the conditions of the protagonists of these two literary works. Although both protagonists migrate to the North to escape Southern racism in the era prior to the Civil Rights Movement, they become totally disillusioned, for they are treated as the invisible marginal. Interestingly though, at the end of both stories, there remains a ray of hope for reactivation and the creation of democracy for black Americans.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the prevention and control effect of different chemical insecticides on Carsidara marginalis Walker.[Method]The indoor toxicity and field efficacy of six insecticides against C.margin...[Objective]The paper was to study the prevention and control effect of different chemical insecticides on Carsidara marginalis Walker.[Method]The indoor toxicity and field efficacy of six insecticides against C.marginalis were determined by residual film method and field efficacy test.The toxicity and field efficacy were comparatively analyzed.[Result]The LC50 of 5%abamectin EC,24%spirotetramat EC,10%lambdacyhalothrin EC,10%nitenpyram SL,25%pymetrozine WP and 20%imidacloprid EC against C.marginalis were 3.585,12.083,15.012,18.754,23.373 and 61.161 mg/L,respectively.The field efficacies against C.marginalis at 1 d post administration were 78.04%,80.05%,69.92%,82.27%,71.72%and 76.72%,respectively.The field efficacies against C.marginalis at 10 d post administration were 92.49%,82.41%,83.80%,88.24%,94.10%and 97.01%,respectively.[Conclusion]The agents with strong quick effect and insecticides with strong systematic conductivity should be mixed together,in order to achieve quick and continuous insecticidal effects.展开更多
文摘Background Marginalised poor populations,characterised by poverty and social exclusion,suffer disproportionately from hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections and encounter substantial disparities in access to healthcare.This has further exacerbated the global HBV burden and precluded progress towards HBV elimination.This mixed-method systematic review aimed to synthesise their utilisation and influencing factors in HBV healthcare services,including screening,vaccination,treatment,and linkage-to-care.Methods Eleven databases were searched from their inception to May 4,2023.Quantitative and qualitative stud-ies examining the factors influencing HBV healthcare access among marginalised poor populations were included.A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesise the pooled rates of HBV healthcare utilisation.The factors influencing utilisation were integrated and visualised using a health disparity research framework.Results Twenty-one studies were included involving 13,171 marginalised poor individuals:sex workers,rural migrant workers,irregular immigrants,homeless adults,and underprivileged individuals.Their utilisation of HBV healthcare ranged from 1.5%to 27.5%.Meta-analysis showed that the pooled rate of at least one dose of the HBV vaccine barely reached 37%(95%confidence interval:0.26-0.49).Fifty-one influencing factors were identifed,with sociocultural factors(n=19)being the most frequently reported,followed by behavioural(n=14)and healthcare system fac-tors(n=11).Socio-cultural barriers included immigration status,prison history,illegal work,and HBV discrimination.Behavioural domain factors,including previous testing for sexually transmitted diseases,residential drug treatment,and problem-solving coping,facilitated HBV healthcare access,whereas hostility coping exerted negative influences.Healthcare system facilitators comprised HBV health literacy,beliefs,and physician recommendations,whereas barriers included service inaccessibility and insurance inadequacies.The biological and physical/built environments were the least studied domains,highlighting that geographical mobility,shelter capacity,and access to humanitarian health centres affect HBV healthcare for marginalised poor populations.Conclusions Marginalised poor populations encounter substantial disparities in accessing HBV healthcare,highlight-ing the need for a synergistic management approach,including deploying health education initiatives to debunk HBV misperceptions,developing integrated HBV management systems for continuous tracking,conducting tailored com-munity outreach programmes,and establishing a human rights-based policy framework to guarantee the unfettered access of marginalised poor populations to essential HBV services.
文摘Bioactive compounds derived from plant natural compounds have proven to be valuable sources of metabolites which can seldom be obtained from other sources. Plants belonging to the genus Zanthoxylum have been valued across various cultures for their curative properties. Zanthoxylum armatum DC., belonging to the family Rutaceae is extensively used in traditional practices in North-Eastern India and neighbouring regions including South-East Asia. However, the potential cytogenetic effects of Zanthoxylum armatum under in vivo conditions, and their causative mechanisms have not yet been studied in detail. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of fruits of Z. armatum under in vivo conditions using the Allium test. Physiological and cellular data indicate that the extracts induce clumped chromosomes at metaphase stage of cell division coupled with mitotic arrest. Electron microscopy data reveal membrane damage of cellular organelles, chromatin condensation and chromatin marginalisation in cell of roots incubated in the extracts. The extracts also induce concentration dependent protein precipitation and genomic DNA degradation.
文摘This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison＇s Invisible Man （1952） and August Wilson＇s Fences （1986）. In order to conduct this study, the researcher adopts African American approach and shows that double consciousness and black nihilism are the immediate effects of African Americans＇ marginalisation. According to W. E. B. Du Bois, all African Americans develop the sense of double consciousness which means being both African and American simultaneously. On the other hand, Cornel West believes that black Americans suffer from nihilism which means loss of hope and absence of meaning. The paper is an attempt to compare the novel Invisible Man and the play Fences thematically based on these two theories. It then looks to find the considerable similarities in the conditions of the protagonists of these two literary works. Although both protagonists migrate to the North to escape Southern racism in the era prior to the Civil Rights Movement, they become totally disillusioned, for they are treated as the invisible marginal. Interestingly though, at the end of both stories, there remains a ray of hope for reactivation and the creation of democracy for black Americans.
基金Supported by Guangxi Special Fund for Innovation-driven Development(GK AA17204045-4)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860533)。
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the prevention and control effect of different chemical insecticides on Carsidara marginalis Walker.[Method]The indoor toxicity and field efficacy of six insecticides against C.marginalis were determined by residual film method and field efficacy test.The toxicity and field efficacy were comparatively analyzed.[Result]The LC50 of 5%abamectin EC,24%spirotetramat EC,10%lambdacyhalothrin EC,10%nitenpyram SL,25%pymetrozine WP and 20%imidacloprid EC against C.marginalis were 3.585,12.083,15.012,18.754,23.373 and 61.161 mg/L,respectively.The field efficacies against C.marginalis at 1 d post administration were 78.04%,80.05%,69.92%,82.27%,71.72%and 76.72%,respectively.The field efficacies against C.marginalis at 10 d post administration were 92.49%,82.41%,83.80%,88.24%,94.10%and 97.01%,respectively.[Conclusion]The agents with strong quick effect and insecticides with strong systematic conductivity should be mixed together,in order to achieve quick and continuous insecticidal effects.
