Application and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations in Medical Institutions

Medical institution preparations play an important role in the development of hospitals,being one of the main forms of traditional Chinese medicine clinical characteristic medication,as well as an important carrier for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has become a hot spot in the research and development of preparations by medical institutions.Traditional Chinese medicine preparations prepared by traditional processes and their entrusted preparation matters have changed from the current licensing management to filing management.The registration model of traditional Chinese medicine preparations has undergone significant changes,emphasizing more on real data and evaluation results from the objective world,respecting traditional medication experience,and emphasizing the inheritance and innovative development of traditional technological experience.In the process of following teachers in the inheritance project of traditional Chinese medicine,we combined the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic technology with the research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions,and focused on the analysis and discussion of technical problems such as prescription screening,dosage form selection,process route design and clinical observation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations,hoping to provide reference for scholars in the same field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Medical Information Breaches Occurrence with Respect to Social Media Usage, in Selected Medical Institutions in Uganda

The purpose of this manuscript is to present research findings based on the reported cases of medical information breaches due to Social Media (SM) usage, in selected medical institutions in Uganda. The study employed online survey techniques. Altogether, 710 questionnaires (Google forms) were developed, and operationalized. The main respondents included 566 medical students, and 143 medical staff from Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), and Kampala International University (KIU), accordingly. Using SPSS, the main statistical analysis tools employed include frequency distribution summary, and Chi-square (x2) test. According to the frequency distribution summary, 27% to 42% of the respondents within categorical divides acknowledged occurrence of medical information breaches due to SM usage. Notably, higher levels of the breaches were reported among male students (64%), age-group 18 to 35 years (68%), and WhatsApp users (63%). On the other hand, Chi-square results showed significant levels (p p > 0.05) between medical institutions and medical information breaches. Overall, the vulnerable areas of the breaches identified would serve as important reference points in the process of rationalizing SM usage in medical institutions. Nevertheless, further studies could focus on identification of the key SM usage factors associated with medical information breaches in medical institutions in Uganda.

Quality Medical Services at Doorway——Beijing's community-based medical institutions

For years suffering from hypertension, Mrs. Zhang, now in her 60s, is a frequent visitor to Beijing Dewai Community Hospital in her neighborhood.＂I feel too painstaking to go to a ＇big hospital,＇＂ she says. ＂Buses are always overcrowded and slow, not suitable for people like me. Besides, community-based medical institutions charge less for treatment of the same diseases.＂

Investigation of Cognition Status of Menopausal Hormone Therapy in Medical Institutions Staff

Objective:To investigate the cognition,application and commendation of menopausal hormone therapy(MHT)among medical institution staff with different professional background.Methods:Female staff aged 40-60 years in 4 tertiary hospitals were randomly selected.The participants'characteristics and the information of cognition,application and recommendation of MHT were collected by questionnaire.Results:A total of 341 people participated in this study,the cognition rate of MHT was 37%and the recommendation rate was 44%.For people with indications of MHT,the utilization rate is 15%,and 84.6%of them have used MHT for less than 3 years.84.6%of those who did not use MHT considered menopause is not a disease and there was no need to use medication.Compared with nurses,doctors know more about MHT(P<0.01),and MHT recommendation rate of doctors was higher than that of nurses(P<0.01).The cognition of MHT were analyzed in menopause group,irregular menstruation group and regular menstruation group,there was no difference was found among these three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Strengthening the training of MHT related knowledge in medical institutions,will be helpful to improve the cognition and utilization rate of medical institutions and promote the whole society to study and use MHT.

Choices of medical institutions and associated factors in older patients with multimorbidity in stabilization period in China:A study based on logistic regression and decision tree model

Background:As China's population ages,its disease spectrum is changing,and the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases has become the norm with respect to the health status of its elderly population.However,the health institution choices of older patients with multimorbidity in stabilization period remains underresearched.This study investigate the factors influencing the choices of older patients with multimorbidity to provide references for the rational allocation of healthcare resources.Methods:A multistage,stratified,whole-group random-sampling method was used to select eligible older patients from September to December of 2022 who attended the Community Health Service Center of Guangdong Province.We adopted a self-designed questionnaire to collect patients'general,diseaserelated,social-support information,their intention to choose a healthcare provider.A binary logistic regression and decision tree model based on the Chi-squared automatic interaction detector algorithm were implemented to analyze the associated factors involved.Results:A total of 998 patients in stabilization period were included in the study,of which 593(59.42%)chose hospital and 405(40.58%)chose primary care.Our binary logistic regression results revealed that age,sex,individual average annual income,educational level,self-reported health status,activities of daily living,alcohol consumption,family doctor contracting,and family supervision of medication or exercise were the principal factors influencing the choice of medical institutions for older patients with multimorbidity(p<0.05).The decision-tree model reflected three levels and 11 nodes,and we screened a total of four influencing factors:activities of daily living,age,a family doctor contract,and patient sex.The data showed that the logistic regression model possessed an accuracy of 72.9%and that the decision tree model exhibited an accuracy of 68.7%.Prediction using the binary logistic regression was thus statistically superior to the categorical decision-tree model based on the Chisquared automatic interaction detector algorithm(Z=3.238,p=0.001).Conclusion:More than half of older patients with multimorbidity in stabilization period chose hospitals for healthcare.Efforts should be made to improve the quality of healthcare services and increase the medical contracting rate and recognition of family doctors so as to attract older patients with multimorbidity to primary medical institutions.

Research on Aging Design of Living Space in Medical and Nursing Institutions

Aging design principle of living space in medical and nursing institutions is taken as the basis.Coming the principles of ergonomics,rehabilitation medicine and gerontology,possibility of using living space in the medical and nursing institutions dominant by the mediating elderly and supplemented by the self-care elderly is explored,and different scales of living space are deduced.Moreover,the rationality of the room layout is compared and analyzed under the relevant scale,and layout of aging room in medical and nursing institutions is summarized.The research aims to provide the reference for deeply studying future design of living space in medical and nursing institutions.

Changes and Adjustments:The Rule of Law Response to Medical Institution Data Compliance

Medical institution data compliance is an exogenous product of the digital society,serving as a crucial means to maintain and balance the relationship between data protection and data sharing,as well as individual interests and public interests.The implementation of the Healthy China Initiative greatly benefits from its practical significance.In practice,data from medical institutions takes varied forms,including personally identifiable data collected before diagnosis and treatment,clinical medical data generated during diagnosis and treatment,medical data collected in public health management,and potential medical data generated in daily life.In the new journey of comprehensively promoting the Chinese path to modernization,it is necessary to clarify the shift from an individual-oriented to a societal-oriented value system,highlighting the reinforcing role of the trust concept.Guided by the principle of minimizing data utilization,the focus is on the new developments and changes in medical institution data in the postpandemic era.This involves a series of measures such as fulfilling the obligation of notification and consent,specifying the scope of data collection and usage,strengthening the standardized use of relevant technical measures,and establishing a sound legal responsibility system for data compliance.Through these measures,a flexible and efficient medical institution data compliance system can be constructed.

Investigation and Analysis of Rural Medical Waste Management

Objective: The aim is to understand the status of rural medical waste management and problems and to make recommendations. Methods: The questionnaire survey, interviews and comparative analysis are used. Results: Compared with urban medical waste management, rural medical waste management is weaker in classification, unified recycle, disposals, protect measures of related personnel, regulations and policies of awareness. Conclusion: It is recommended to improve policies and regulations of rural medical waste management, strengthen rural infrastructures and facilities, improve supervision and innovates means of supervision.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of the Institutions

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in British Malaya developed concurrently with the influx of Chinese immigrants.To cater for tins growing community,Chinese medical halls which sell Chinese herbs were established in major townships.Consultation and various TCM treatments were also offered by contract TCM practitioners in some of these medical halls.As the needs for TCM services continued to grow,dedicated TCM institutions were set up subsequently.The establishment of these institutions marked the beginning of professional TCM services in the history of Malaysia.

Medical Malpractice:A Comparative Perspective Between China and the United States

At the beginning of the 1970s,the United States turned onto the winding road of medical malpractice compensation.With the goal of properly dealing with this issue,the United States embarked on a process of continuous reform.In recent years,the number of disputes over medical malpractice liabilities in China has increased considerably.However,dealing with these disputes in accordance with the provisions of the current law is not going smoothly,and maybe we can learn from the experiences of the United States.The relevant measures for the solutions to medical malpractice in the United States and China will be analyzed from a comparative perspective.These include enactments of medical malpractice,the classification of medical malpractice,the doctrine of liability fixation,the burden of proof,the criterion of judging negligence,the liability subject,the authentication system,expert witnesses,standards of compensation,and suggested reforms in the system of the medical malpractice liability,including stipulating the medical malpractice liability of administration in the Civil Code,optimizing the criteria of recognizing negligence,applying organizational fault liability,establishing pilot projects of no-fault medical liability,developing an open mechanism for medical malpractice disclosures and improving the capacity to deal with medical chaos.

Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital

Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (TMUCIH) is the birthplace of Oncology in China. It has a history of more than a hundred years and has become one of the most famous modernized cancer hospitals worldwide. It is also one of the largest bases for cancer prevention, treatment, training and research in China.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of the Landing of Negotiated Drugs

Objective To provide reference for better landing of the negotiated drugs in the future.Methods Relevant data on the negotiated drugs in designated medical institutions and retail pharmacies from the website of the Medical Security Bureau was obtained,and then the allocation and problems of negotiated drugs were summarized and analyzed.Results and Conclusion The main problem for the landing of negotiated drugs is the difficulty of using them in medical institutions.First,there is a small number of designated medical institutions that can use some negotiated drugs.Second,the negotiated drugs vary greatly in the designated medical institutions.Lastly,some designated retail pharmacies do not supply the negotiated drugs.The difficulties in using the negotiated drugs can include subjective reasons and objective reasons.Retail pharmacies are not the official places where patients can use the negotiated drugs.Besides,if medical institutions do not supply and use negotiated drugs,it will pose a great risk to drug safety.Negotiated drugs should be used in designated medical institutions ultimately,which is conducive to safeguarding the rational drug use for patients.

国家组织药品集中采购和使用试点对临床用药管理与使用的影响

目的调查国家组织药品集中采购和使用试点(以下简称“‘4+7’试点”)的影响,提出政策建议,为进一步推行国家组织药品集中采购提供参考。方法用焦点组访谈法,对北京、上海、广州、西安和沈阳5个试点城市的64位医疗保险管理者、卫生行政管理者、医院管理者和医师代表进行访谈。用问卷调查法,就政策影响对5个试点城市的509位医师和498位患者进行分层抽样调查。结果医师对“4+7”试点的认可程度高,认为药品的临床效果达标,不良反应处于常态水平。患者给予中标药品正向反馈,对中标药品的接受度较高,试点降低了患者的医疗费用,患者满意度较高。试点也存在医院为达成政策实施目标而限制医师的处方权、医师工作量加大但激励不足等问题。结论药品集中采购的积极影响明显,但要实现控制药品总费用、保障药品供应和“三医联动”的目标,还应平行推进相关配套改革措施,如加快医疗保险支付改革,依托药品临床综合评价以真实世界数据推动药品的遴选和合理使用,调整医药费用结构,促进公立医院绩效及薪酬制度改革,推进行业监管和医疗卫生服务精细化管理等。

安徽省公立医疗机构医用耗材两票制实施若干问题及对策建议

目的分析安徽省公立医疗机构医用耗材两票制执行中存在的若干问题,提出对策建议,为省级层面推行两票制提供借鉴。方法通过回顾性横断面研究和问卷调查相结合的方法,分析医疗机构两票制执行情况和存在的问题。结果省、市级医疗机构政策执行较好,县(区)级医疗机构执行率偏低;医疗机构普遍反映部分产品断供、两票制相关材料核验工作繁杂;经营企业集中度、配送效率、技术服务水平有待提高;议价空间明显提高,尤其配合其他政策,耗材费用明显降低。结论在省级层面推行两票制应点面兼顾,将资质材料审核前置;搭建信息平台,推行电子发票和经营企业评价体系;加快生产企业和经营企业职能转变;推进多项政策联动,使患者享受流通改革红利。

强基层:深圳南山区域医疗联合体的策略和效果

目的分析区域医疗联合体(以下简称“医联体”)政策指引下深圳南山区域医联体发展的探索,为其他地区医药卫生体制改革提供参考。方法通过知情人访谈、现场调研、二次资料分析、头脑风暴等方法剖析深圳南山区域医联体强基层的策略背景、实施内容和实施效果。结果统一管理所有基层医疗卫生机构,实行标准化建设,有助于更好地发展基层医疗卫生机构;实施区域学科联盟,以契约方式加强医院和基层医疗卫生机构的人员联系,具有可行性。结论强基层是医药卫生体制改革的重点,深圳南山区域医联体强基层的策略具有参考借鉴价值。

上海23家民营医疗美容机构及其从业人员现况调查

目的 了解民营医疗美容机构医疗美容项目及医护人员配置和能力情况。方法 通过分层抽样抽取上海市5个区23家民营医疗美容机构,采用现场调查、个人访谈及调查表进行调查分析。结果 调查的医疗美容机构以医疗门诊部为主(73.91%),60%以上经营时间在10年以内,60%以上设立在写字楼内或沿街商铺。项目以轻医疗美容为主,皮肤美容项目最多,占95.65%,其次是美容外科,占91.30%。美容间、手术室及苏醒室的平均周转速度分别为每间201.72人次/月、42.41人次/月及167.19人次/月。平均每家机构有专业医护人员40.08人、行政辅助人员21.52人。感染控制(以下简称“感控”)人员的均数为2.17人/家,专职比例为36.00%。感控继续教育中无菌操作、手卫生、安全注射等项目的培训参与率为95.45%、90.91%、68.18%。结论 民营医疗美容机构项目主要以轻医疗美容为主,感控能力建设不足,在硬件设置、人员配备和培训上仍需加强。

The Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19 in the People’s Hospital of Pingchang County

COVID-19 (COVID-19) or COVID-19 is pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus infection in patients in 2019. COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic is widespread, wide, and deep. To effectively combat the further spread of COVID-19: the overall protocol of the hospital: “three lines of defense” of community prevention and control, fever clinic and face-to-face treatment;grasp the good three-time limits: “2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours”;do a good job of three key points: key areas and places and groups;carry out four early prevention and control measures: early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment;management of confirmed, suspected, fever, close contact “four types of personnel”;implement l responsibility system;doing all receivable, should be treated, should be checked, should be separated by “four should be”;do investigation, control, supervision, education, and care “five in place”. Through the above methods, the People’s Hospital of Pingchang County has effectively controlled COVID-19.

2020—2025年广东省医疗机构床位需求预测

目的预测2020—2025年广东省医疗机构的床位需求总量。方法基于卫生服务需求法与Holt双参数指数平滑模型,结合年龄别人口数据预测床位需求。结果2025年,广东省住院人数为2425.11万人,床位需求数为70.04万张,每千常住人口床位需求数为5.63张、每千常住人口拥有床位数5.55张,供需比例为98.58%。预测模型的平均百分误差为1.63%(标准差=±1.90%,均方根误差=20.63)。结论结合人口的年龄结构进行预测结果更稳定、误差更小。2020年,广东省的床位配置量基本能满足床位需求,供需较为平衡。但2024年床位需求将超过床位配置总量。未来,广东省应加大床位资源的投入力度,提高基层卫生机构的床位利用率,全面落实分级诊疗制度。

新医改后我国乡镇卫生院医疗服务量变化趋势及其影响因素:基于29个省际面板数据的实证分析

目的了解我国乡镇卫生院医疗服务量情况,明确不同因素对乡镇卫生院医疗服务量的影响及其程度,为进一步发挥乡镇卫生院功能提供依据。方法数据来自2010—2019年《中国农村统计年鉴》《中国人口和就业统计年鉴》《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《中国交通年鉴》,对新一轮医药卫生体制改革后我国29个省(自治区、直辖市)乡镇卫生院医疗服务量情况进行描述性分析。利用面板数据分析乡镇卫生院医疗服务量的影响因素,包括乡镇卫生院医疗卫生资源配置,以及农村地区经济、老龄化、教育、社会发展水平。结果2009—2018年我国乡镇卫生院医疗服务量整体呈上升趋势。卫生资源配置是影响乡镇卫生院医疗服务量的重要因素;农村道路密度对医疗服务量有显著正向影响,即农村道路密度越高,医疗服务量越多;农村地区老龄化水平、居民教育水平对出院人数具有负向影响。结论我国仍需重视乡镇卫生院卫生资源配置,关注卫生资源配置数量、质量与效率;提高乡镇卫生院服务能力,拓展服务内涵,持续推进强基层建设。

上海市某区区属公立医疗机构护理人员配置分析

目的了解2014、2016、2018年上海市某区区属公立医疗机构护理人员的数量、结构及变化趋势,为合理配置护理人员提供依据。方法以机构问卷调查法调查上海市某区所有区属医疗机构的护理人员数量、结构等信息,从现有统计资料收集区域社会环境信息。结果上海市某区所有区属医疗机构的护理人员数量从2014年的7158人增至2018年的7926人,年龄主要为25~34岁,有护师、主管护师职称者占比逐年平稳增加,护理人员学历以大学本科和大专为主,用工形式为合同制者占比从2014年的37.5%上升到2018年的43.0%。对标2020年全国注册护士规划目标,某区区属医疗机构注册护士缺口约为1600人。按2018年上海市每千人口注册护士3.86人计算,某区区属医疗机构的护理人员缺口约为3600人。结论上海市某区护理人员数量增加,但总量依旧不足。护理队伍结构改善,但仍需优化人员职称结构,合理配置护理人力资源,关注专科护士发展,以满足护理人员的发展需求。