High serum reproductive hormone levels at mid-pregnancy support Meishan pig prolificacy

Increasing prolificacy is an important aim in the pig industry. Regions associated with litter size have been revealed, but detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear. The Meishan pig is one of the most prolific breeds, with higher prolificacy than the Yorkshire pig, which exhibits high feeding efficiency and lean meat yield. The ovary is the key organ determining reproductive traits during pregnancy by synthesizing and secreting reproductive hormones essential for conceptus maintenance. In this comparative multi-omics study of the ovary transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome on day 49 of pregnancy, we aimed to identify genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic differences between the ovaries of Meishan and Yorkshire pigs to reveal potential molecular mechanisms conferring high prolificacy. Meishan pigs demonstrated general downregulation of steroid biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism in the ovary during mid-pregnancy at both transcriptome and proteome levels but exhibited higher serum cholesterol, estradiol, and progesterone levels than Yorkshire pigs. We also identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of the steroid hormone pathway associated with litter number, average birth weight, and total litter weight. Lower biosynthesis rates but elevated serum levels of reproductive hormones during mid-and late pregnancy are essential for the greater prolificacy of Meishan pigs.

Meishan Totem Worship in Meishan Culture Context

The unique geographical environment and humanistic spirit of Meishan region gave birth to the Witchcraft exorcism cultur in Meishan,which has been passed down for thousands of years.The unique totem worship phenomenon of Meishan people adds a footnote to the interpretation of the culture.The witchcraft culture of Meishan is the“living fossil”of the study of Meishan culture,and the totem worship of Meishan is its external cultural representation,reflecting the folk customs,religious beliefs,ethnic information,and life forms of Meishan area.The totem worship phenomenon is closely related to the concept of“animism”of Meishan people.

Determination of Fullerenes (C60/C70) from the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Meishan Section of South China

Fullerenes (C 60 /C 70 ), clays and rocks near the Permian-Triassic (P/T) boundary in the Meishan section of South China are explored by means of comprehensive analytical techniques, including ultrasonic extraction with column purification, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of- flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). The study confirms the existence of fullerenes toward the P/T event boundary and their absence in clays and limestones beyond the boundary. In particular, the white clay, known as the event boundary, contains fullerenes of 0.33 ppb, while the red material, as the first lamina fill of goethite and gypsum on the base of the white clay, contains fullerenes of 1.23 ppb, and the last lamina of 2.50 ppb. Significantly, distinct enrichment of fullerenes is coincident with the disappearance of fossil records of marine species (94%) just at the base of the white clay, implying that geological fullerenes would be one of temporal remnants led by the P/T catastrophic event. This work strongly supports that fullerenes would be one of significant records of the P/T catastrophic event but their origin remains to be studied further.

CNV analysis of Meishan pig by nextgeneration sequencing and effects of AHR gene CNV on pig reproductive traits

Background:Reproductive performance of livestock is an economically important aspect of global food production.The Chinese Meishan pig is a prolific breed,with an average of three to five more piglets per litter than European breeds;however,the genetic basis for this difference is not well understood.Results:In this study,we investigated copy number variations(CNVs)of 32 Meishan pigs and 29 Duroc pigs by nextgeneration sequencing.A genome-wide analysis of 61 pigs revealed 12,668 copy number variable regions(CNVRs)that were further divided into three categories based on copy number(CN)of the whole population,i.e.,gain(n=7,638),and loss(n=5,030)CNVRs.We then compared Meishan and Duroc pigs and identified 17.17Mb of 6,387 CNVRs that only existing in Meishan pigs CNVRs that overlapped the reproduction-related gene encoding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)gene.We found that normal AHR CN was more frequent than CN loss in four different pig breeds.An association analysis showed that AHR CN had a positive effect on litter size(P<0.05)and that a higher CN was associated with higher total number born(P<0.05),number born alive(P<0.05),number of weaned piglets,and birth weight.Conclusions:The present study provides comprehensive CNVRs for Meishan and Duroc pigs through large-scale population resequencing.Our results provide a supplement for the high-resolution map of copy number variation in the porcine genome and valuable information for the investigation of genomic structural variation underlying traits of interest in pig.In addition,the association results provide evidence for AHR as a candidate gene associated with reproductive traits that can be used as a genetic marker in pig breeding programs.

Sulfur Isotopes of Framboidal Pyrite in the Permian-Triassic Boundary Clay at Meishan Section

Pyrite framboids were found in the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan Section,while their sulfur isotopes were determined.The majority of framboids is less than 5μm in diameter,with some large-sized framboids.Also,euhedral gypsums were observed in the boundary clay.The authors suppose that most of the pyrite framboids formed just below the redox boundary and stopped growing after entering the lower water column.The result indicates that it was probably lower dysoxia condition in the temporal ocean.Moreover,the authors also presume that some pyrite was oxidated to sulfates accompanying the fluctuation of redox condition,which would probably be the origin of the negative sulfur isotopes of gypsum and CAS reported before.In addition,sulfur isotope of framboidal pyrite suggests that sulfur is originated from bacterial sulfate reduction in anoxic condition.Therefore, this study confirms that the ocean was widely anoxic during the Permian-Triassic transitional period. However,the redox condition in temporal ocean was probably not stable,with short-term fluctuations.

Characterization of Iron Grains near the P/T Boundary in the Meishan Section of China

The Meishan section of China has been confirmed as the ＂Global Stratotype Section and Point＂ of the P/T boundary. In the section, the authors found several types of iron grains, including pyrite, pure iron grains and goethite. From the research of macro minerals, it is easy to find that the grains rich in iron appear from the bottom of the event layer of the section. In other words, it is probably residue of the geochemical catastrophe of that time. Therefore, it is important to trace the source of these iron grains and their relationships, which probably provides evidence for volcanic eruption or impact-volcanoes and has directive significance to the crisis during the P/T transitional period. Through the study of the characterization and relationships of these iron grains, the authors make a preliminary discussion on the P/T mass extinction.

Suggestion of Meishan Section as GlobalStratotype Section and Point （GSSP） of Permian－Triassic Boundary

The Meishan Section of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China and the base of its Bed 27c,in which Hindeodus parvus first occurs, are recommended as the GSSP of Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB).The present paper introduces a description of the section. Biostratigraphic correlation with other famous sections shows the completeness of this section and justifies choice of H. Parvus as the index fossil. Chemostratigraphic investigation provides the δ￣13C excursion and the moderate but inconsistent Ir spike as auxiliary symbols for the PTB. This boundary is closely related to transgression,anoxia,volcanism,mass extinction and possible impact events which can be correlated with those in South China and other parts of the world .

The Changhsingian Foraminiferal Fauna of the Meishan D Section, Zhejiang, China, and their Ecostratigraphic Implications

Samples were collected continuously and systematically from Beds 2 to 30 of the Meishan D section, and nearly 4,000 foraminiferal specimens were recognized. In total, 72 species （partially including undetermined species and conformis species） in 34 genera of foraminifers were identified. Twelve foraminiferal community zones were established from Beds 2 to 27 based on the abundance, dominance, diversity, and equitability of the foraminiferal fauna and a functional morphological analysis of the dominant and characteristic species. The habitat type indicated by each community zone and the sedimentary features were used to determine the paleo-water depths and the relative changes in sea level. We generated curves of both the habitat type and the hydrodynamic conditions, which together indicate the relative changes in the paleo-water depth and the substrate features in the studied area during the Changhsingian. This study discusses the possible relationship between the foraminiferal community zones and the sea-level changes based on a statistical analysis of the foraminiferal community zones.

Distribution and Geochemical Implication of Aromatic Hydrocarbons across the Meishan Permian-Triassic Boundary

Aromatic compounds extracted from sedimentary rocks can reflect environmental conditions, organic sources and maturity. The aromatics, identified in association with mass extinction in particular, would provide a signature assisting our understanding of the causes of the biotic crisis. Aromatic hydrocarbons were fractionated from the total lipid extracts of 37 samples taken from the PermianTriassic boundary （beds 23 to 34） of section B at Meishan （煤山）, Zhejiang （浙江） Province in South China. These aromatics were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Main compounds identified include naphthalene, phenanthrenes, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, fluoranthene, pyrene and some of their methyl homologues. The indices of methyl phenanthrene distribution fraction indicate the comparable maturity （within the oil window, 0.7%-1.0% of the mean vitfinite reflectance） of the organic matter throughout the whole profile analyzed. The ratio of dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene （DBT/PHN） varies generally at a comparable pace with lithology. Significantly, a gradual decrease of this ratio was observed within bed 24 limestone, which is probably due to the variation of sedimentary environment. This change is in line with the drop in the carbon isotope composition of carbonate, the loss of the Changhsingian reef ecosystem, and the decrease of cyanobacteria abundance within the bacteria population. The coincidence of these records suggests a close relation between the biotic crisis and marine environmental conditions, and these records clearly show the onset of the biotic crisis prior to event bed 25.

Alkane Biomarkers in Permian-Triassic Boundary Strata at Meishan Section, Changxing, Zhejiang Province

Meishan Section D in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China has been selected as the global stratotype of the Permian Triassic boundary and various studies have been done at the boundary, but the gas chromatographic mass spectrographic analysis of alkane biomarkers has not been investigated. This paper presents the results of a study of the biomarkers analyzed in a series of samples across the Permian Triassic boundary at both Meishan Section A and Section D. The results show that the overall concentration of alkane biomarkers in the Permian Triassic boundary strata is high in Bed 26 while it is low in Bed 27. A variety of biomarker parameters demonstrate that the main sources of organic matter in the sediment are algae and bacteria and that the depositional environment varied from weakly oxidizing to reducing during the studied interval.

Targeted myostatin loss-of-function mutation increases type Ⅱ muscle fibers in Meishan pigs

Myostatin(MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and development. The skeletal muscle in MSTN^(-/-)mice is significantly hypertrophied, with muscle fiber type II increasing significantly while muscle fiber type I decreasing.However, it is still not clear how the skeletal muscle types change in MSTN^(-/-)pigs, and how the mechanism for MSTN regulates fiber types, especially in large animals like pigs. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the composition of skeletal muscle fibers in MSTN^(-/-)pigs produced in our laboratory. It was observed that, compared with wild-type(WT) pigs, both the total mass of skeletal muscle and type IIb muscle fibers increased significantly(P<0.01),while the type I and type IIa muscle fibers decreased significantly(P<0.01), in MSTN^(-/-)Meishan pigs. In addition, to explore the influence of MSTN on muscle fiber type and its regulation mechanism in the embryonic stage, this study selected a few genes(Myf5, Mef2 d, MyoD and Six1) associated with muscle fiber type and validated their expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Herein, it was found that Myh7, Myh2, Myh4 and Myh1 can be detected in the skeletal muscle of pigs at 65 days of gestation(dg). Compared with WT pigs, in MSTN^(-/-)Meishan pigs, Myh7 decreased significantly(P<0.01), while Myh4(P<0.001) and Myh1(P<0.05) increased significantly. Meanwhile, the increased expression of Myf5(P<0.05), Mef2 d(P<0.01) and Six1(P<0.05) in MSTN^(-/-)Meishan pigs suggested that MSTN should regulate the directional development of muscle fiber types in the early stage of embryonic development. Thus, at the embryonic stage, the type II muscle fibers began to increase in MSTN^(-/-)pigs. These results can provide valuable information not only for pig meat quality improvement, but also for the study of human skeletal muscle development and disease treatment.

Paleomagnetic Polarity Research of Paleobiology Boundary(Bed27) of Meishan,Changxing,Zhejiang Province

The magnetostratigraphic sampling was carried out respectively in the inside part (14 cm away from the section surface along the bed) and outside part (5 cm away from the section surface along the bed) with no interval at the same bed (Bed 27) which the paleobiology boundary (PBB) of A and D sections lies in of Meishan, Changxing. This research shows that the deep samples suffered slighter secondary magnetization than the shallow ones did and in comparison with D section ’s samples, the samples of A section sustained slighter secondary magnetization. On the bases of the data, the secondary magnetization influence of which is relatively weak, this paper obtains the conclusion that the bed, in which the paleobiology boundary lies, lies within the reverse polarity subzone.

湖南省梅山武术文化遗产保护现状及其影响因素

在经济高速发展的今天,社会条件和结构也在改变,各民族赖以生存的非物质文化遗产的土壤已变,一些通过口耳相传和行为相传的无形文化遗产正在慢慢消失。梅山武术是中国民间武术的一个重要组成部分,它以蚩尤文化为主要内容,有着明显的民族性、地域性特征。但是现阶段的梅山武术已处于消失的边缘,迫切需要得到社会的重视。因此,该文将重点对湖南省梅山武术文化保护现状进行研究,以期为湖南省武术文化遗产保护工作的进一步推进提供理论基础。

琼东南盆地陵水北坡LS13-2区勘探思路与突破方向

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷南坡已发现了中央峡谷千亿方级气田,证实了陵水凹陷为富生烃凹陷。而陵水凹陷北坡LS13-2区的岩性圈闭勘探虽然也取得了“点”上的突破,但“见气不见田”,勘探效果不佳。为了明确该地区的油气富集规律和有利区带,以含油气盆地分析为基础,聚焦关键成藏要素,提出了新的勘探思路,并明确了有利成藏区带。研究结果表明:工区成藏条件整体有利,具备“充足烃源、规模储层、高效输导、整体保存”的大-中型油气田形成基础,但对于中新统岩性圈闭勘探来讲,也存在“烃源岩主排烃期早于圈闭定型期,断层垂向输导能力低”的不利因素,据此建立了“早期成藏、岩性圈闭、断-砂输导”三元勘探评价要素,并评价认为探区西部断坡海底扇带具备“原生油气藏、规模岩性圈闭、断-砂高效输导”的有利成藏条件,为最有利成藏区带。

基于梅山文化的乡村旅游食品包装设计研究

梅山,既是地域名称,又是文化符号。从梅山文化入手,分析了梅山地区乡村旅游食品包装设计的现状,总结出梅山文化的原始性、记忆性和神秘性特征,进而提出原型符号转译法、形态多元构成法和情感记忆表达法3种设计方法,并将其应用于梅山地区旅游食品包装设计实践,以促进梅山文化的传承发展,推动梅山地区旅游发展。

基于梅山文化的空间艺术特色在乡土食品包装设计中的应用策略

针对湖南古梅山地区乡土食品包装设计现状,从梅山文化的空间艺术中提炼出造型结构特征、装饰元素特征、色彩特征、文化特征,将其解构赋予于乡土食品包装设计中,探索将梅山文化中蕴含的空间艺术精髓与乡土食品包装融合的设计思路与策略,提升食品附加值,展现地域特征,提升文化内涵,促进民族文化的传承与乡土食品包装的融合创新。

梅山巫傩面具的起源、形成、发展与传承现状

梅山巫傩面具有其独特的艺术风格和民俗内涵,是研究梅山文化的“活化石”。文章阐述了梅山巫傩面具的起源、形成、发展和传承现状,探讨了梅山巫傩面具与梅山地理环境、地域文化、生存状态及中原文化的关系。论证说明了在梅山地域独特的地理环境和地域文化氛围下孕育了梅山地域独有的古朴粗犷而又鲜活灵动的傩面文化,突出表现了梅山人的审美情趣及世代承袭的民俗文化意象。

四川省眉山市爱媛28和春见果实品质分析与评价

【目的】了解眉山市主栽柑橘品种果实品质,对各个区县爱媛28和春见果实品质进行综合评价,为眉山市柑橘品种示范和推广提供理论依据。【方法】以眉山市爱媛28、春见果园采集的共72个果实为材料,测定果实品质,利用主成分分析和聚类分析对来自不同区县的同一品种进行综合评价,计算得分排名并筛选品质评价指标。【结果】各区县爱媛28果实几项外在品质指标(a*、单果质量、纵径、皮厚度)在不同区县间存在显著差异,内在品质指标各区县之间无显著差异;各区县春见果实内外品质指标均存在显著差异。对两品种果实品质指标通过主成分分析提取到4个主成分,累积贡献率分别为75.646%、76.940%。综合评价得分结果表明,爱媛28果实品质综合得分均值排列顺序为东坡区>仁寿县>丹棱县>彭山区;春见果实品质综合得分均值排列顺序为彭山区>东坡区>丹棱县>仁寿县>青神县。【结论】明确了眉山市主栽柑橘品种的品质表现和不同区县间的异同,对优化调整眉山市柑橘品种结构、提高眉山市整体柑橘果实品质具有一定的参考意义。

物源—地貌双控背景下海底扇沉积储层特征及勘探意义:以琼东南盆地梅山组为例

琼东南盆地中新统梅山组海底扇是南海北部天然气勘探的重要目标,对其沉积机理、储层主控因素等进行深入研究对该区天然气增储上产有重要意义。根据海平面变化、海底地形地貌、同生断裂组合等因素,本文将琼东南盆地海底扇分为陆棚扇、斜坡扇和盆底扇3大类。根据大量的钻井岩心及分析测试资料,对该区海底扇储层进行了系统分析。研究表明,不同物源以及不同地貌单元海底扇储层物性差异较大,其中来自西部越东物源和西北部宁远河物源的盆底扇储层明显好于北部陵水河和万泉河物源的陆棚扇和斜坡扇。单一海底扇储层受到物源、海平面变化、扇体类型及内部构成以及底流改造等因素控制,其中海底扇类型及其内部组成、底流改造等是影响和控制深水沉积体储层品质的主要因素。相比而言,低位时期的缓坡断阶盆底扇、开阔洼地盆底扇和峡谷切割盆底扇是好—优质储层较为发育的深水沉积体,是重要勘探目标;而陡坡根部盆底扇和缓坡末级断阶盆底扇由于储层物性较差或储层不发育,勘探风险较大。因此,基于物源体系及地貌单元的海底扇储层研究成果可广泛应用于深水海底扇储层预测。

梅山傩戏主题探析

梅山文化蕴含了家国一体、繁衍生息的诉求,有着强化梅山先民文化认同的作用,这与古梅山独特的历史文化有关。在梅山文化的影响下,梅山傩戏作为一种传统艺术形式,不仅具有丰富的文化内涵,还富有艺术表达、价值观传递和社会凝聚的功能。承载了诸多文化价值的梅山傩戏,它的演出形式与戏剧内容深刻影响着梅山地区的群体关系,成功地将地域文化与时代文化、民族精神以及乡民对家乡的情感有效地融合在一起,整合了外在的民俗文化资源,不断建构着内在的时代精神,获得了持久的生命力和传承动力。