After discovering an inner ear hemorrhage, Prosper Menière ascribed disease to the inner ear for the first time. Since that time, a lot of efforts have been made to determine the pathophysiologic causes of the cl...After discovering an inner ear hemorrhage, Prosper Menière ascribed disease to the inner ear for the first time. Since that time, a lot of efforts have been made to determine the pathophysiologic causes of the classical symptoms sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo attacks, tinnitus and ear fullness. According to its express pattern Menière’s disease may appear as classical and atypical disease. In the last decades, huge advances have taken place in biochemical and physiological research and in pathophysiological understanding of the inner ear and its diseases. This encloses stimulus perception and conduction, regulation of inner-ear fuid homeostasis and inner ear diseases with underlying genetics. Menière’s disease pathophysiologic correlate is an endolymphatic hydrops which is characterized by changes of inner ear homeostasis with its parameters volume, concentration, osmolarity and pressure of the endolymph. Hormones, autonomous system and the immunsystem together with purinergic, adrenergic and muscarinic receptors, steroids, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide and aquaporin channels regulate inner ear homeostasis. Consequently, general diagno-stics comprise a magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium, vestibular diagnostics and tone audiometry. Standard therapy for acute inner ear symptoms is limited to cortisone infusions together with a rheologic agent or a radical scavenger. For acute vertigo attacks and for the mainstay therapy antivertiginous pharmaceuticals are given. In severe cases destruction of the vestibular hair cells by ototoxic antibiotics, endolymphatic sac surgery or neurectomy of the vestibular nerve might be necessary. Certainly, in research there is a move from simple pharmaceutical therapy forward to nanoparticle-based, genetic-based and stem cell therapy.展开更多
眩晕是普通人群常见的症状,1年患病率为5%,成年人发病率为1.4%[1]。眩晕症状是临床医师每天都可能面对的普遍问题,准确的鉴别、合理的治疗是控制眩晕性疾病反复发作的核心环节。为规范临床医师工作习惯和工作流程并获得优良的诊疗结果,...眩晕是普通人群常见的症状,1年患病率为5%,成年人发病率为1.4%[1]。眩晕症状是临床医师每天都可能面对的普遍问题,准确的鉴别、合理的治疗是控制眩晕性疾病反复发作的核心环节。为规范临床医师工作习惯和工作流程并获得优良的诊疗结果,国内外耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会和神经科学会制定了一系列临床指南,其中良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional ve r t igo,BPPV)作为外周性眩晕疾病的典型代表是目前最受关注的焦点;展开更多
文摘After discovering an inner ear hemorrhage, Prosper Menière ascribed disease to the inner ear for the first time. Since that time, a lot of efforts have been made to determine the pathophysiologic causes of the classical symptoms sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo attacks, tinnitus and ear fullness. According to its express pattern Menière’s disease may appear as classical and atypical disease. In the last decades, huge advances have taken place in biochemical and physiological research and in pathophysiological understanding of the inner ear and its diseases. This encloses stimulus perception and conduction, regulation of inner-ear fuid homeostasis and inner ear diseases with underlying genetics. Menière’s disease pathophysiologic correlate is an endolymphatic hydrops which is characterized by changes of inner ear homeostasis with its parameters volume, concentration, osmolarity and pressure of the endolymph. Hormones, autonomous system and the immunsystem together with purinergic, adrenergic and muscarinic receptors, steroids, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide and aquaporin channels regulate inner ear homeostasis. Consequently, general diagno-stics comprise a magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium, vestibular diagnostics and tone audiometry. Standard therapy for acute inner ear symptoms is limited to cortisone infusions together with a rheologic agent or a radical scavenger. For acute vertigo attacks and for the mainstay therapy antivertiginous pharmaceuticals are given. In severe cases destruction of the vestibular hair cells by ototoxic antibiotics, endolymphatic sac surgery or neurectomy of the vestibular nerve might be necessary. Certainly, in research there is a move from simple pharmaceutical therapy forward to nanoparticle-based, genetic-based and stem cell therapy.
文摘眩晕是普通人群常见的症状,1年患病率为5%,成年人发病率为1.4%[1]。眩晕症状是临床医师每天都可能面对的普遍问题,准确的鉴别、合理的治疗是控制眩晕性疾病反复发作的核心环节。为规范临床医师工作习惯和工作流程并获得优良的诊疗结果,国内外耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会和神经科学会制定了一系列临床指南,其中良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional ve r t igo,BPPV)作为外周性眩晕疾病的典型代表是目前最受关注的焦点;
