Perfectionism and mental health problems:Limitations and directions for future research

Research has indicated that perfectionism is prevalent among adolescents and may be harmful in terms of its association with mental health problems.This letter aims to create a paradigm for future studies of the perfectionism.Specifically,we suggest gaps and implications that must be considered at perfectionism future research in terms of assessments,interventions,settings,potential treatments,gender,and social media.

Healing in Rwanda,Understanding and Naming Mental Health Problems:Translating Kinyarwanda Into a Clinically Applicable Language

Before the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi,reported rates of mental health disorders in Rwanda were low;Rwandan society and traditional healers had their own strategies to diagnose and address different mental health issues.Following the genocide against Tutsi in 1994,reports of psychological and mental health issues―including post traumatic stress disorders(PTSD),substance abuse and depression―increased significantly.To tackle these challenges,mental health specialists were trained―mainly in English and French―with key mental health concepts and disorders defined and elaborated in these languages.Consequently,specialists adopted Western ways of defining mental disorders and primarily referenced DSM-IV and V criteria for diagnosis.For example,most research names mental health problems that people experience as related to genocide and other events as“trauma”and“associated co morbidities”.From the research conducted by the Rwandan Biomedical Centre(RBC)on situational analysis for development of a model for management of trauma cases during the commemoration period of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda through Ubuzima Burambye project named problems that people suffered from as trauma,some concepts(such as“Ihungabana”,“Ihahamuka”,and“Ibikomere”)have been used to name trauma.But mental health professionals still prefer to name them as emotional,traumatic,collective,and/or collective traumatic crises.However,this use of primarily Western terms is a challenge for many Rwandan psychologists,as counselling sessions and other therapeutic interventions are conducted in Kinyarwanda.Such names might simplify concepts,as they are unable to fully translate the nuances within Kinyarwanda.To further study this linguistic issue,this current study investigated how people in Rwanda contextualise,name and give representations to the mental health problems they suffer from.It combined clinical and participatory action 88research,which started in February 2019.Participants were young survivors of genocide,people addicted to drugs from WAWA Rehabilitation Centre,as well as people who were received in the clinic/Uyisenga Ni Imanzi.Responses from the participants were classified according to their life experience on mental health pains.Twenty-nine percent of names of mental health problems from the participants were reflected on darkness,25%of them have named as emptiness,11%of participants have named their problems as heaviness,while rejection,bondage,physical pain each represent 8%,addictiveness or deviance is at 5%whereas dirtiness and judgement each has 3%.Different mental health symptoms―such as guilt,pessimism,anxiety,loneliness,depression and panic attacks―were identified to assess the respondents’mental health.The data collected from this group showed that guilt among respondents takes a higher number of 22%of names for mental health related to pains,compared to the other symptoms.On other side,pessimism is ranked at 19%,anxiety at 18%,loneliness at 17%expressivity at 16%and panic attacks is ranked at 8%.Looking at the effect of mental health pains on different aspect of life,data represented that the most affected aspect of life is the human mind at 52%,social problems and emotions at 18%each,human body at 9%and relations among people are affected at 4%.Human senses(e.g.,touch,taste,smell,hearing,sight)were used to identify and describe mental health pains.Results show that 62%of the identified unique names of the problems were found to belong to what people can feel,followed by sight(37%),touch(15%),hearing(13%),and smell(1%).However,there was no name for mental health pains related to taste.Clearly identifying and describing mental health issues in participants’local language is an essential step towards finding effective solutions.Naming a problem helps practitioners and patients develop a shared understanding of the issue at hand and what can be jointly done to address it.Conversely,the inability to name the actual disorder leaves patients in a state of confusion,unable to progress with their treatment despite the availability of professional assistance.

Perceptions of Nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards Sexual Health Needs of People with Mental Health Problems

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is among the fundamental packages of health care, which all clients seeking health care should receive. However, it is unclear how healthcare providers, in particular, nurses perceive the issue of people with mental problems having sexual health needs. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards sexual health needs of people with mental health problems. A general descriptive qualitative study design was utilized and data were collected using three focus group discussions (FGDs) that were recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Purposive sampling was used to select 21 nurses who participated in the study. Nine were male, while 12 were female. Each FGD comprised seven participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and six major themes: 1) physiological interplay among different body systems, 2) disease process and effects of psychotropic, 3) participant differences in age, gender, educational level, and cultural backgrounds, 4) staff shortages in mental health units, 5) deficient record keeping, and 6) Social stereotypes and labelling theories emerged. Despite acknowledging the existence of sexual activity among people with mental health problems;participants had both positive and negative perceptions. It is, therefore, recommended that interventions aimed at strengthening implementation of SRH guidelines among nurses caring for people with mental health problems should be put in place.

Ecological Momentary Assessment with smartphones for measuring mental health problems in adolescents

AIM To analyze the viability of Ecological Momentary Assessment(EMA) for measuring the mental states associated with psychopathological problems in adolescents.METHODS In a sample of 110 adolescents,a sociodemographic data survey and an EMA Smartphone application over a oneweek period(five times each day),was developed to explore symptom profiles,everyday problems,coping strategies,and the contexts in which the events take place.RESULTS The positive response was 68.6%.Over 2250 prompts about mental states were recorded.In 53% of situations the smartphone was answered at home,25.5% of casesthey were with their parents or with peers(20.3%).Associations were found with attention,affective and anxiety problems(P < 0.001) in the participants who took longer to respond to the EMA app.Anxious and depressive states were highly interrelated(rho = 0.51,P < 0.001),as well as oppositional defiant problems and conduct problems(rho = 0.56,P < 0.001).Only in 6.2% of the situations the subjects perceived they had problems,mainly associated with inter-relational aspects with family,peers,boyfriends or girlfriends(31.2%).We also found moderate-high reliability on scales of satisfaction level on the context,on positive emotionality,and on the discomfort index associated with mental health problems.CONCLUSION EMA methodology using smartphones is a useful tool for understanding adolescents' daily dynamics.It achieved moderate-high reliability and accurately identified psychopathological manifestations experienced by community adolescents in their natural context.

The Role of Moral Intelligence and Identity Styles in Prediction of Mental Health Problems in Healthcare Students

Background: Assessment of healthcare students’ mental health problems is an important aspect of health promotion. This study examined the roles of moral intelligence (MI) and identity styles in prediction of mental health problems in healthcare students. Methods: In a correlation study, two hundred healthcare students (100 girls, 100 boys) of Medicine, Density, and Paramedicine Colleges of Bobol University of Medical Sciences were selected. The subjects filled out three questionnaires;General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Moral Competency Inventory (MCI), and Identity Style Inventory (ISI), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Pearson correlation, multivariate analysis variance model (MANOVA), and multivariate regression used to analyze the data. Results: Boys and girls did not have a meaningful difference in the mean of total GHQ, MCI, normative and informational identity. Girls had significantly higher mean level of diffused-avoidant identity than boys. There was a positive and significant relationship between moral intelligence, normative identity and mental health problems of students. Also, there was a negative relationship (p < 0.05) between diffused-avoidant identity and mental health problems of students. Moral intelligence, informational and normative identity predicted 25.8% of the variance in mental health problems for girls’ students. Normative and diffused-avoidant identity predicted 21.6% of the variance in mental health problems for girls’ students. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that moral intelligence and identity status contributed to the mental health problems of healthcare students. University administrators should adopt strategies that strengthen the moral intelligence and identity maturity associated with university students’ mental health.

Mental Health Problems Experienced by HIV Positive Adolescents;A Case of Choma District, Zambia

Several scholars have reported high mental health problems among adolescents with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) globally. However, little is known about the mental health of this peculiar group of young people in Choma district. This study aimed to determine the mental health problems experienced by HIV positive adolescents in Choma District. Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), data were obtained from 103 HIV positive adolescents receiving treatment at Choma General Hospital plus a corresponding number of parents/care givers. Information about mental health services was obtained qualitatively from 10 nurses working in the mental health unit and the Antiretroviral (ART) clinic. The results showed that more than three quarters of the adolescents had mental health problems. Of this number, 57.3 percent had multiple mental health problems: predominantly emotional and peer problems. The study also found a statistically significant relationship between level of stigma and presence of mental health problems (X2 = 1.123, P = 0.003). In conclusion, the study demonstrated that multiple mental health problems particularly emotional and peer problems are prevalent among adolescents with HIV/AIDS yet are most often undiagnosed. In addition, adolescents with high levels of internalized stigma are more likely to have multiple mental health problems. The findings suggest the need to integrate psychiatric services into routine care of HIV infected adolescents, routine screening for mental health problems and provision of continued professional development among nurses managing these patients.

How Are Minor Mental Health Problems Perceived by Traditional Chinese Medicine?

The purpose of this study was to reach a better understanding of how minor mental health problems (MMP) are perceived in China by professionals practicing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and by well-educated people living in three urban locations. The results derive from interviews with three TCM doctors, three TCM students and eight other students. Psychological problems are separated into two different categories: “serious” and “not serious”. MMP are labelled not as disorders or illnesses but looked upon as ordinary problems in daily living or as “heart problems”. MMP seem to have less serious consequences according to the Chinese than from a modern Western perspective. “Problems of life” rather than sickness was the category that best summarized perceptions of MMP. TCM professionals’ advice to change lifestyle and most Chinese regulate by themselves less serious mental problems. Both lay people and TCM professionals associate serious problems with pathological mental function in a disease perspective. Some reasons for and consequences of these comprehensions are discussed.

Parental Educational Expectations,Academic Pressure,and Adolescent Mental Health:An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Survey Data

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.

Self-esteem enhancement as a strategy for promoting the mental health and averting the occupational problems of nurses

In recent years, shortage of nurses, high turnover rate, low self-worth, and team instability have become increasingly serious. With the development of positive psychology, more and more nursing managers have begun to attach great importance to the mental health of nurses. Self-esteem, as one of the core indicators of individual mental health, has received extensive attention from researchers in different fields since its inception. This paper reviews and summarizes the research status and development trends of nurses' selfesteem considering the aspects of self-esteem as a concept, assessment tools, significance, and intervention methods. At the same time, it also puts forward problems that need to be solved by undertaking research into nurses' self-esteem, in order to provide a reference for further studies on nurses' self-esteem.

Perinatal mental health in China:views of health system professionals in Shanghai

Background:Mental health has recently been receiving a growing amount of attention in China's Mainland,with mental disorders increasingly being recognized as a major public health concern.However,the treatment gap for mental health care is markedly high in China.Previous research and clinical practice have focused on high-risk physical disorders but overlooked psychosocial factors,especially during the perinatal period.Aims:To explore Chinese professionals'perception and attributions of perinatal mental health in China.Method:The study was conducted in Shanghai,China,in 2018,drawing on interviews with 15 key informants including health professionals,government officials,and policymakers recruited through snowball sampling.Content analysis of the semi-structured interviews was performed.Results:The study yielded insights into the perceptions of perinatal mental health among health professionals in Shanghai.Three themes emerged from the informants'reports:(1)mental health influenced by tradition—describing traditions affecting the perception of mental health at both the societal and individual level;(2)societal changed contributing perinatal mental health problems—referring to a rapidly changing cultural and economic backdrop as a source of stress leading to mental health problems;and(3)existing and required resources—demonstrating a lack of professional training,staff shortages,and inadequacy of resources to provide the required mental health care.Conclusion:Our results provide new insights into key health professionals'perceptions of mental health problems in Shanghai.Hesitation to seek care owing to a lack of knowledge,and resource shortages in health care systems are obstacles to improve mental health among women in urban China.

An Analysis on Mental Health Education of College Students with Financial Difficulties

With the enrollment expansion of college and continuous reform of college education system and college charging system,the number of college students with financial difficulties is increasing. The college students with family financial difficulties not only bear the huge economic burden,but also bear the huge pressure of learning and mental stress,and they have many kinds of psychological problems including psychological distress of tension and anxiety,psychological conflict of self-respect and self-abasement,conflict of desire for interpersonal interaction and self-containment and strong vanity and dependence mentality. This paper puts forward the corresponding recommendations to solve these problems.

Mental Health and Quality of Life of Disable Palestinian Children in the Gaza Strip

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health problems and quality of life among Palestinian disable children. The sample consisted of 391 disable Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip which was selected randomly from the data base of two NGOs working with such group of children. The age of children ranged from 6 - 18 years with mean age (11.73). Instruments: The children and adolescents demographic data were collected by questionnaire include sex, age, class, and place of residence, Gaza Child Health Study Scales (parents and children forms), and The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory generic core (version 4.0) scale. The results showed that children reported mean conduct disorder was 1.33;oppositional disorder was 5;mean overanxious was 6.75;separation anxiety mean was 6.36;and depression was 7.57. There were statistically significant differences toward boys in depression. According to parents, mean conduct disorder mean was 1.94;mean oppositional disorder was 6.09;mean overanxious was 7.47;separation anxiety mean was 6.48;and mean depression was 9.6. The study showed that mean depression in boys was 10.4 compared to 8.9 in girls. There were statistically significant differences toward boys in depression. Parents of children with physical disabilities reported more overanxious problems in their children compared to other parents with other types of disabilities (vision, mental, and multiple). Also, parents of children with physical disability had more separation anxiety than other groups (mental and multiple disabilities). Quality of life of children was scored by children themselves;mean emotional functioning was 8.24;mean social functioning was 6.65;school functioning mean was 9.17;and cognitive functioning was 8.57. The study showed that mental health problems rated by children such as conduct disorder was positively correlated with emotional and cognitive functioning;oppositional disorder was correlated with emotional, social, and cognitive function;overanxious disorder was correlated emotional, school, and cognitive functioning;separation anxiety was correlated emotional functioning;and depression was correlated emotional, social, and cognitive functioning.

A Survey of Adolescent Mental Health from the Perspective of Sinology

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mental health status of adolescents. In this paper, the MHT test paper was used to evaluate the mental health status of 226 students in different places. MHT refers to the mental health test for primary and middle school students. Results: 1) 34 students had serious psychological tendency, which was mainly manifested in learning anxiety, anxiety about people, self-accusation tendency and impulse tendency;2) There are gender differences in mental health problems among school students, with more girls than boys. There are also regional differences, with more students in Guangdong than in other regions. There are also differences in learning stages, and there are more senior high school students than junior middle school students. Conclusion: 1) Students in school have different degrees of mental health problems. 2) These mental health problems are different due to three different factors.

新世纪以来我国教师心理健康问题:检出率分析与应对

教师是立教之本,兴教之源,强国之根。为摸清我国1880多万教师心理健康问题检出率的“家底”,我们藉助元分析研究方法对此进行了系统研究。本研究检索时间为2000—2022年,以2000年进入新世纪作为教师心理健康问题的关键影响因素(社会转型或社会变迁),横跨22年。根据文献检索与筛选标准,1096篇纳入效应量的元分析,被试总人数573609名。结果表明,幼儿教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题是抑郁问题、强迫问题、焦虑问题;小学教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题是强迫问题、抑郁问题、躯体化问题和焦虑问题;中学教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题是睡眠问题、强迫问题、抑郁问题;大学教师检出率较为突出心理健康问题为睡眠问题、强迫问题、抑郁问题、焦虑问题。据此,提出解决教师心理健康问题需要打好“组合拳”,即国家层面政策先行、学校层面适度减负、家庭层面期望合理,以此扼制教师心理健康问题的恶化趋势,为高质量的教师队伍建设固本强基。

新时代教师心理健康教育回顾与展望——基于20年的理论研究与实践探索

教师是立教之本、兴教之源、强国之根。教师心理健康是学校心理健康的基础,是学生心理健康的前提,更是学生健康成长与幸福生活的“定海神针”。本文首先从角色理论破题,对教师心理健康教育的内涵、标准和教师承受的角色压力、角色期望进行了理论探索,重新审视并定位了新时代教师的职业角色;其次重点梳理并概述了中小学教师心理健康问题与心理健康教育的相关研究,以及大中小幼教师心理健康问题检出率及其特点、影响因素与发展趋势;最后从生涯发展视角,对加强与改善新时代教师心理健康教育工作提出建议,强调以教师生涯发展的不同阶段为横坐标,以个体、学校、社会、环境为纵坐标,纵横交错、系统治理。通过20年的理论研究与实践探索,以期真正促使教师自觉树立并坚持高尚的职业操守,主动识别并纠正不利于教育工作的心态与行为,并通过自律与自我提升,展现出积极向上的职业风貌。

心理健康问题的当代诠释:学理与系统视角

在百年未有之大变局下,心理健康问题需要从多维的系统角度重新诠释。就心理健康问题的性质而言,要反对诊断主义、还原主义、教育万能论等“本本主义”倾向;就心理健康问题的特点而言,它是一个连续性与阶段性统一的发展系统;就心理健康问题的影响因素而言,它是人与环境相互作用的一个生态系统;就心理健康问题的作用机制而言,它是一个集文化潮流、时代变迁等社会心理因素叠加的复杂系统。因此,心理健康教育不能“就事论事”,心理健康问题更不能“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,它应该是一个有章可循的系统工程,需要创新系统思维,以学校教育、卫生健康、社会建设三个领域为横坐标,以个体、人际、群体、社会和环境五个维度为纵坐标,纵横交错、抓住结点,“综合治理、网格化治理”。

我国研究生心理健康问题的基本状况与教育对策

筑牢研究生教育的心理健康基础,必须了解心理健康问题的基本状况。采用元分析方法,纳入2010到2023年的330篇文献(包括243161人),对我国研究生主要心理健康问题的检出率和影响因素进行探究。结果显示,心理健康问题的检出率从高到低依次是:学业倦怠(32.7%)、睡眠问题(24.9%)、强迫问题(23.1%)、抑郁(21.0%)、焦虑(16.0%)、敌对问题(9.7%)、自杀意念(8.8%)。文献出版年代、研究生的学段和专业、测量工具对检出率具有显著影响。基于研究发现提出对策与建议:重视心理健康问题的高发性,采取有针对性的解决方案;警惕心理健康问题的恶化趋势,健全追踪与监测机制;关注心理健康问题的个体差异,完善服务与支持体系;革新心理健康问题的评估工具,建立规范的检出标准。

Over Ten Years in Overseas--The Mental Condition of Overseas Employee

With the expansion of investment overseas, a large number of Chinese people work abroad, some work in rich countries and regions, but the majority work in poor countries and regions like Western Africa. Due to objective and subjective factors, many overseas employees have mental health problems, which affect personal health and the enterprise's stable development. This paper cuts in from the definition of mental health problem, introduces the indicators of and analyzes the factors causing mental health problems, and finally comes up with guidance on how to keep overseas employees in good mental health and solve their problems.

新时代高职学报编辑心理健康问题探讨

高职学报编辑作为精神文化产品的传播者,这一群体存在着诸如紧张、焦虑、抑郁、强迫思维与强迫行为和职业倦怠等心理健康问题。他们的心理健康状况需要得到有关部门的高度重视与关注,并且要采取有效措施维护他们的心理健康。在分析高职学报编辑心理健康的重要意义后,归纳了高职学报编辑存在的若干心理健康问题,并提出了提升高职学报编辑心理健康水平的有效途径。