The “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to a set of intelligent “objects” that can communicate with each other directly or through a network. The IoT is the embodiment of the idea that everything can be connected an...The “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to a set of intelligent “objects” that can communicate with each other directly or through a network. The IoT is the embodiment of the idea that everything can be connected anywhere and at any time. The concept can be applied to sectors such as e-health, e-government, automotive, geographic information systems, remote sensing, home networking, e-commerce and climate change mitigation. Unlike the Internet, the IoT has its own constraints, notably those linked to heterogeneity. This divergence is linked to different protocols, technologies and algorithms implemented in these connected objects for their interconnection. It should be noted that IoT devices can communicate with each other using different protocols and dedicated M2M (Machine to Machine) communication technologies. The aim of this work is to find solutions for optimising energy consumption during data exchanges between connected objects, with respect to certain constraints by using firstly this exchange for only Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and secondly the combination of the MQTT protocol and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) protocol to check the quantity of the energy optimized. The MQTT protocol, for example, is one of the most widely used protocols for connected objects. Admittedly, this protocol consumes less energy, but in the situation of a very large number of users, the problem of saturation inevitably arises. In this article, we propose a solution of optimising energy consumption by combining the MQTT protocol with the CoAP protocol which can allow to use the standby mode contrary to the use of MQTT where the broker is always being turning. This solution has not yet been implemented but is being discussed. In this article, we’re going to use the joulemeter which is an application developed by Microsoft to measure and estimate the energy consumption of computers and applications. In our case, we take the example of the “Service Broker for network connections” of the Windows’s 10 Operating System, in my own computer to show the difference between the consumption of energy without the standby mode and with standby mode, because with the MQTT, the Broker’s MQTT is always on. Now, with the combination MQTT and CoAP, it is possible that we have standby mode and to compare these two cases in term of consumption of an energy. And to do it, we must use the joulemeter that we installed in our computer to simulate it. This is achieved by using the CoAP protocol combined with the MQTT protocol. The aim of our work is to reduce energy consumption in order to solve the problem of saturation of the MQTT by linking it to CoAP protocol by using Joulemeter mentioned above.展开更多
IoT applications are promising for future daily activities;therefore, the number of IoT connected devices is expected to reach billions in the coming few years. However, IoT has different application frameworks. Furth...IoT applications are promising for future daily activities;therefore, the number of IoT connected devices is expected to reach billions in the coming few years. However, IoT has different application frameworks. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. In this work, an IoT application framework is presented with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA). The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The security in the model is a built-in feature in its structure. The model is built on recommended frameworks;therefore, it is ready for integration with other web standards for data sharing, which will help in making IoT applications integrated from different developing parties.展开更多
Internet of Things (IoT) environments are being deployed all over the globe. They have the potential to form solutions to applications, from small scale applications to national and international ones. Therefore, scal...Internet of Things (IoT) environments are being deployed all over the globe. They have the potential to form solutions to applications, from small scale applications to national and international ones. Therefore, scalability, performance, and security form a triangle of requirements that must be carefully set. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. A previously proposed IoT application framework with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA) is analyzed in this work. The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The results and analysis showed that the built-in security model had performed better than models with other frameworks, especially with fog implementation.展开更多
文摘The “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to a set of intelligent “objects” that can communicate with each other directly or through a network. The IoT is the embodiment of the idea that everything can be connected anywhere and at any time. The concept can be applied to sectors such as e-health, e-government, automotive, geographic information systems, remote sensing, home networking, e-commerce and climate change mitigation. Unlike the Internet, the IoT has its own constraints, notably those linked to heterogeneity. This divergence is linked to different protocols, technologies and algorithms implemented in these connected objects for their interconnection. It should be noted that IoT devices can communicate with each other using different protocols and dedicated M2M (Machine to Machine) communication technologies. The aim of this work is to find solutions for optimising energy consumption during data exchanges between connected objects, with respect to certain constraints by using firstly this exchange for only Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and secondly the combination of the MQTT protocol and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) protocol to check the quantity of the energy optimized. The MQTT protocol, for example, is one of the most widely used protocols for connected objects. Admittedly, this protocol consumes less energy, but in the situation of a very large number of users, the problem of saturation inevitably arises. In this article, we propose a solution of optimising energy consumption by combining the MQTT protocol with the CoAP protocol which can allow to use the standby mode contrary to the use of MQTT where the broker is always being turning. This solution has not yet been implemented but is being discussed. In this article, we’re going to use the joulemeter which is an application developed by Microsoft to measure and estimate the energy consumption of computers and applications. In our case, we take the example of the “Service Broker for network connections” of the Windows’s 10 Operating System, in my own computer to show the difference between the consumption of energy without the standby mode and with standby mode, because with the MQTT, the Broker’s MQTT is always on. Now, with the combination MQTT and CoAP, it is possible that we have standby mode and to compare these two cases in term of consumption of an energy. And to do it, we must use the joulemeter that we installed in our computer to simulate it. This is achieved by using the CoAP protocol combined with the MQTT protocol. The aim of our work is to reduce energy consumption in order to solve the problem of saturation of the MQTT by linking it to CoAP protocol by using Joulemeter mentioned above.
文摘IoT applications are promising for future daily activities;therefore, the number of IoT connected devices is expected to reach billions in the coming few years. However, IoT has different application frameworks. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. In this work, an IoT application framework is presented with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA). The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The security in the model is a built-in feature in its structure. The model is built on recommended frameworks;therefore, it is ready for integration with other web standards for data sharing, which will help in making IoT applications integrated from different developing parties.
文摘Internet of Things (IoT) environments are being deployed all over the globe. They have the potential to form solutions to applications, from small scale applications to national and international ones. Therefore, scalability, performance, and security form a triangle of requirements that must be carefully set. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. A previously proposed IoT application framework with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA) is analyzed in this work. The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The results and analysis showed that the built-in security model had performed better than models with other frameworks, especially with fog implementation.
