Background:The subbasin hydrologic behaviors have been altered by many natural and anthropologic factors such as climate change and land development activities.Model-based assessment can be used to simulate both natur...Background:The subbasin hydrologic behaviors have been altered by many natural and anthropologic factors such as climate change and land development activities.Model-based assessment can be used to simulate both natural hydrological processes,human-induced effects,and management strategies on water resources.For the Ketar subbasin,the WEAP(water evaluation and planning)hydrologic model was developed that aimed at(1)evaluating the application of the WEAP model in the Ketar subbasin,(2)evaluating the demonstration of the WEAP model using model efficiency evaluation criteria,and(3)simulating hydrological processes of the subbasin using the WEAP model.Methods:WEAP-based soil moisture method(rainfall-runoff)hydrology routine is comprised of a lumped,onedimensional,two-layer soil water accounting that uses empirical functions to designate evapotranspiration,surface runoff,interflow,and deep percolation for a sub-unit at root zone.A catchment is considered as the smallest hydrologic response unit.The catchment’s surface hydrological balance is typically estimated by discretizing the catchment into multiple land uses for which water balance is estimated at root zone.Results:The monthly measured and simulated streamflow statistics showed a positive strong relationship with R^(2) of 0.82,NSE of 0.80,and IA of 0.95;and with R^(2) of 0.91,NSE of 0.91,and IA of 0.98 for calibration and validation periods respectively.Similarly,the mean monthly measured and simulated streamflow showed an agreement with R^(2) of 0.99,NSE of 0.97,and IA of 0.99,and R^(2) of 0.94,NSE of 0.93,and IA of 0.93 for the periods of calibration and validation respectively.Conclusion:The model has demonstrated the capability to represent the hydrologic dynamics of the subbasin both at monthly and mean monthly periods.In general,the overall model performance evaluation statistics show a very good agreement between measured and simulated streamflow at the outlet of the subbasin.展开更多
With the wide use of light steel structure in industrial buildings, some problems such as air leakage, water dripping and condensation and so forth occur during the construction and operation phases. Through the onsit...With the wide use of light steel structure in industrial buildings, some problems such as air leakage, water dripping and condensation and so forth occur during the construction and operation phases. Through the onsite testing of a winery building in Huailai County, Hebei Province in China, the influence of infiltration on energy consumption in industrial buildings was studied. The pressurization test method and moisture condensation method were used to test the infiltration rates. The results show that the winery building is twice as leaky as normal Chinese buildings and five times as leaky as Canadian buildings. The energy use simulation demonstrates that the reduction of the infiltration rate of the exterior rooms to 1/3 and the interior rooms to 1/2 could help decrease a total energy consumption of approximately 20% and reduce a total energy cost of approximately $ 225000. Therefore, it has a great potential to reduce the energy consumption in this type of buildings. Enforcement of the appropriate design, construction and installation would play a significant role in improving the overall performance of the building.展开更多
文摘Background:The subbasin hydrologic behaviors have been altered by many natural and anthropologic factors such as climate change and land development activities.Model-based assessment can be used to simulate both natural hydrological processes,human-induced effects,and management strategies on water resources.For the Ketar subbasin,the WEAP(water evaluation and planning)hydrologic model was developed that aimed at(1)evaluating the application of the WEAP model in the Ketar subbasin,(2)evaluating the demonstration of the WEAP model using model efficiency evaluation criteria,and(3)simulating hydrological processes of the subbasin using the WEAP model.Methods:WEAP-based soil moisture method(rainfall-runoff)hydrology routine is comprised of a lumped,onedimensional,two-layer soil water accounting that uses empirical functions to designate evapotranspiration,surface runoff,interflow,and deep percolation for a sub-unit at root zone.A catchment is considered as the smallest hydrologic response unit.The catchment’s surface hydrological balance is typically estimated by discretizing the catchment into multiple land uses for which water balance is estimated at root zone.Results:The monthly measured and simulated streamflow statistics showed a positive strong relationship with R^(2) of 0.82,NSE of 0.80,and IA of 0.95;and with R^(2) of 0.91,NSE of 0.91,and IA of 0.98 for calibration and validation periods respectively.Similarly,the mean monthly measured and simulated streamflow showed an agreement with R^(2) of 0.99,NSE of 0.97,and IA of 0.99,and R^(2) of 0.94,NSE of 0.93,and IA of 0.93 for the periods of calibration and validation respectively.Conclusion:The model has demonstrated the capability to represent the hydrologic dynamics of the subbasin both at monthly and mean monthly periods.In general,the overall model performance evaluation statistics show a very good agreement between measured and simulated streamflow at the outlet of the subbasin.
文摘With the wide use of light steel structure in industrial buildings, some problems such as air leakage, water dripping and condensation and so forth occur during the construction and operation phases. Through the onsite testing of a winery building in Huailai County, Hebei Province in China, the influence of infiltration on energy consumption in industrial buildings was studied. The pressurization test method and moisture condensation method were used to test the infiltration rates. The results show that the winery building is twice as leaky as normal Chinese buildings and five times as leaky as Canadian buildings. The energy use simulation demonstrates that the reduction of the infiltration rate of the exterior rooms to 1/3 and the interior rooms to 1/2 could help decrease a total energy consumption of approximately 20% and reduce a total energy cost of approximately $ 225000. Therefore, it has a great potential to reduce the energy consumption in this type of buildings. Enforcement of the appropriate design, construction and installation would play a significant role in improving the overall performance of the building.
