Voltammetric Identification of Motor Oils Using Electronic Tongue on Carbon-Paste Electrode Basis

Viscous organic liquids are common products which are used in human life. The motor oils used to lubricate the moving parts of internal combustion engines present an important group of these substances. Timeous monitoring of motor oil quality allows providing durability of engine. For this purpose the problem of designing of express sensor devices for identification of motor oils and other viscous organic liquids using inexpensive voltammetric methods of analysis is solved. In this paper, the results of motor oils identification using electronic tongue on the carbon-paste electrode basis with motor oils as a binder have been presented. The possibility of univocal identification of individual samples of motor oils has been shown.

Formulation of Motor Oil from Blends of Rubber Latex Cup Bottom Oil (RLBO) and Used Frying Oil (UFO)

Most motor oils are made from mineral oils derived from petroleum, the reserves of which are limited and exhaustible. The aim of this study is to produce and characterize motor oil formulations based on mixtures of rubber latex cup bottom oil (RLCBO) and used frying oil (UFO). The results show that these formulations have a density between 0.91 and 0.92. These densities evolve linearly with the proportion of cup bottom oil and temperature. Similarly, the kinematic viscosity of the blends follows an exponential relationship with temperature. By plotting the logarithm of these kinematic viscosities against the inverse of the temperature, we were able to determine the activation energy of the various blends and deduce that the formulations behave Newtonian.

Preparation of tungsten disulfide motor oil and its tribological characteristics

Through using mineral oil and synthetic oil to deploy the semisynthesis base oil, modifying the surfaces of ultrafine tungsten disulfide grains by surface chemical embellishment and adsorption embellishment to make them suspended steadily in the base oil as solid lubricating additive, and adding some function additives, the tungsten disulfide motor oil was prepared. The tribological characteristics of this kind motor oil and the well-known motor oils in our country and overseas were studied. The results show that the oil film strength of this kind of motor oil is respectively 1.06 and 1.38 times of that of shell helix ultra motor oil and great wall motor oil, and its sintering load is 1.75 and 2.33 times of that of them, and when tested under 392 N, 1 450 r/rain and 30 min, the friction coefficients of friction pairs lubricated by the tungsten disulfide motor oil decrease with the increase of time, meanwhile, the diameter of worn spot is small, and the surface of worn spot is smooth, and no obvious furrows appear. The experiments indicate that the tungsten disulfide motor oil has the better antiwear, antifriction and extreme pressure properties than the well-known motor oils.

Application of Biosurfactant from Candida sphaerica UCP 0995 in Removal of Petroleum Derivative from Soil and Sea Water

The biosurfactant produced by Candida sphaerica in a fermentor containing 5% vegetal oil refinery waste and 2.5% was tested in the removal of motor oil from soils and seawater. In kinetic assays, the isolated biosurfactant removed more than 86% of the motor oil adsorbed to clay, silty and sandy soils at the critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Static removal tests performed in glass columns demonstrated that the crude biosurfactant was able to remove 75% and 92% of the oil contained in clay and silty soil, respectively, whereas the isolated biosurfactant at its CMC removed 50% of the oil from sandy soil. In the washing of hydrophobic compound on a porous surface, the removal rate was 60%. The biosurfactant also proved to be efficient in detergency tests since the crude surfactant removed 41% of motor oil from contaminated cotton cloth. In tests carried out with seawater, the crude biosurfactant showed an oil spreading efficiency of 75% in both screening dispersion test and oil displacement efficiency methods. Regarding the swirling bottle test, the dispersion rate was 72% for the isolated biosurfactant at a concentration twice the CMC. The biosurfactant studied demonstrated potential for application as an adjuvant in biotechnological processes for environmental decontamination.

Motor oil condition evaluation based on on-board diagnostic system

The condition of the motor oil in civilian cars is difficult to monitor;hence,we propose a method to evaluate the degree of degradation of motor oil using an on‐board diagnostic(OBD)system.Three civilian cars and four motor oils(containing mineral oils and synthetic oils)were subjected to five groups of road tests under urban traffic and high‐way conditions.The operation information,oil service time,mileage,engine operation time,idle time of the engine,and number of start‐ups of the engine were obtained using the proposed OBD system.Physiochemical properties and changes in the components of motor oils during road tests were analyzed in laboratory.The theoretical model of the comprehensive indicators of driving parameters and oil properties were established.The proposed method was successfully applied to different cars,motor oils,and operating conditions in road tests.All the theoretical models had high accuracy and precision.Herein,we provide a method to monitor the oil condition with real‐time driving parameters and provide a reference for end users to change their motor oil reasonably.

Motor oil degradation during urban cycle road tests

Several civilian vehicles in China operate in urban traffic conditions and have their motor oil changed every 5,000 km.This study investigates the variations in oil properties after servicing at 5,000 km,based on systematic road tests(including a repeated test,a parallel test,and a new vehicle test).The physicochemical properties,changes in components,oxidation stability,detergent‐dispersant performance,and tribological properties of motor oils were analyzed.The results showed that the total acid number(TAN)of oils increased with the operation mileage,by up to 1.41 mgKOH/g.The total base number(TBN)decreased after the road tests were completed,and the decrease was less than 44.6%.The kinematic viscosity(KV)of most oils decreased initially and then stabilized in the middle stage,before starting to increase later in the experiment.The change in KV at 100℃was less than 15.96%.The oxidation onset temperature(OOT)of the oils diminished gradually with the operation mileage.All OOT values of the used oils were higher than 210℃.A spot test indicated that the used oils retained their detergentdispersant performance to an appropriate extent.The four‐ball wear scar diameters and friction coefficient of the used oils did not increase significantly after the road tests were completed.This study can serve as a reference for end‐users when changing motor oils.